Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (490 page)
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Type of late Iron Age bead found in southeastern England, hexagonal in outline with white spirals in a blue ground mass.
Old Copper Culture
[CP].
[CP].
Late Archaic Stage hunter-gatherer communities linked not so much through cultural affinity as by the exploitation of native copper ores around the shores of the Great Lakes of North America in the period
c.
3000–2500. These communities used cold hammered and annealed native copper for the production of edged tools and ornaments. Among the items made were copper points as substitutes for chipped stone projectile points, axe and adze blades, gouges, wedges for splitting wood, fish hooks, beads, bracelets, and headdress pieces. Most of the copper artefacts were used within a radius of about 500km of the sources, but interest in such items gradually expanded and items were exchanged widely with surrounding groups.
c.
3000–2500. These communities used cold hammered and annealed native copper for the production of edged tools and ornaments. Among the items made were copper points as substitutes for chipped stone projectile points, axe and adze blades, gouges, wedges for splitting wood, fish hooks, beads, bracelets, and headdress pieces. Most of the copper artefacts were used within a radius of about 500km of the sources, but interest in such items gradually expanded and items were exchanged widely with surrounding groups.
Old Cordilleran Culture
[CP].
[CP].
Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer communities living in the highlands of the Pacific Cordilleran Mountains of North America in the period
c.
9000–5000 bc.
c.
9000–5000 bc.
Older Dryas Phase
[CP].
[CP].
A biostratigraphic subdivision of the late
DEVENSIAN STAGE
in which sub-Arctic conditions prevailed; the second of three subdivisions of the North Atlantic cold-climatic phase known as the
DRYAS
. Godwin's
POLLEN ZONE
Ic corresponds with the Older Dryas in Britain, marked by tundra vegetation. The Older Dryas spans the period from
c.
10000 bc down to
c.
9800 bc in northern Europe.
DEVENSIAN STAGE
in which sub-Arctic conditions prevailed; the second of three subdivisions of the North Atlantic cold-climatic phase known as the
DRYAS
. Godwin's
POLLEN ZONE
Ic corresponds with the Older Dryas in Britain, marked by tundra vegetation. The Older Dryas spans the period from
c.
10000 bc down to
c.
9800 bc in northern Europe.
Oldest Dryas Phase
[CP].
[CP].
A biostratigraphic subdivision of the late
DEVENSIAN STAGE
in which Arctic conditions prevailed; the earliest of three subdivisions of the North Atlantic cold-climatic phase known as the dryas. Godwin's
POLLEN ZONE
Ia corresponds with the Oldest Dryas in Britain, marked by tundra vegetation. The Oldest Dryas spans the period from
c.
13000 bc down to
c.
10500 bc in northern Europe.
DEVENSIAN STAGE
in which Arctic conditions prevailed; the earliest of three subdivisions of the North Atlantic cold-climatic phase known as the dryas. Godwin's
POLLEN ZONE
Ia corresponds with the Oldest Dryas in Britain, marked by tundra vegetation. The Oldest Dryas spans the period from
c.
13000 bc down to
c.
10500 bc in northern Europe.
Old Kingdom
[CP].
[CP].
The period preceding the
MIDDLE KINGDOM
during which the 3rd to 6th Dynasty kings ruled over Egypt and were buried in colossal stone pyramids. Broadly the period
c.
2658–2150 bc.
MIDDLE KINGDOM
during which the 3rd to 6th Dynasty kings ruled over Egypt and were buried in colossal stone pyramids. Broadly the period
c.
2658–2150 bc.
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