Cruise Ship Blues: The Underside of the Cruise Ship Industry (32 page)

12    Reynolds, “A Toast to Your Cruise!”

13    For a discussion of casinos, see Rosemary Clancy, “The Rise in Popularity of Casino Operations,”
Cruise Industry News Quarterly
(Summer 1999), p. 38.

14    Marjerison, “Maximizing Onboard Revenue.”

15    J. Norman Howard, “Cruising, Better than Ever?”,
Cruise Industry News Quarterly
(Summer 1993), pp. 62-63.

16    Bruce Mohl and Patricia Wen, “Disappointed Couple Want Refund on Ring Bought in Mexico,”
Boston Globe
(December 19, 1999), p. B2.

17    “Some Guarantee: Claim Denied — Despite Documentation,”
Conde Nast Traveler
(December 1996), p. 70.

18    Mohl and Wen, “Disappointed Couple Want Refund.”

19    On Celebrity Cruises’ Millennium-class ships, a thalassotherapy pool is placed in an area that had been designed for free access. At one point, a sign at the entrance of the pool area stated something like “Spa Pool for Paying Spa Guests Only,” and Celebrity charged $20 for admission. Following an uproar on the “rec.travel.cruises” Usenet newsgroup, the company issued a public message from the “Vice-President of Total Guest Satisfaction” in mid-July 2001 announcing it was discontinuing the charge.

20    For a comparative discussion of spas, see Edwin McDowell, “Shipboard Spas Are the New Wave,”
New York Times
(February 4, 2001), <
www.nytimes.com
>.

21    See <
www.steinerleisure.com/sea.html
>.

22    See Steiner Limited press release, “Steiner Limited Agrees to Acquire a 60% Interest in Mandara Spa LLC and Mandara Spa Asia Ltd.,”
PR Newswire
(June 27, 2001).

23    See Kitty Bean Yancey, “Cruise Lines Draw Profits from Selling Works of Art,”
USA Today
(February 9, 2001), <
www.usatoday.com
>.

24    Kitty Bean Yancey, “Art Auctions at Sea Could Soak You,”
USA Today
(February 9, 2001), <
www.usatoday.com
>.

25    See “Exclusive Destinations Concept an Economic Necessity for 1990s: Out-Islands the In-Thing,”
Lloyd’s List
(October 18, 1991), <
www.lloydslist.com
>.

26    See “On-board Revenue: Value for Money,”
Cruise Industry News Quarterly
(Winter 1997-98), p. 30.

27    See Greg Miller, “In-Cabin Amenities,”
Cruise Industry News Quarterly
(Summer 1996), p. 36.

28    See Greg Miller, “In-Cabin Amenities: Keeping Passengers Safe and Well-Fed,”
Cruise Industry News Quarterly
(Summer 1998), p. 28.

29    See Christopher Reynolds, “Lawsuits Say Cruises Go Overboard with Port Fees,”
Los Angeles Times
(July 28, 1996), p. L2. Also see “Cruise Lines Sued over Port Charges,”
Los Angeles Times
Southland edition (April 25, 1996), p. D2, <
www.latimes.com
>.

30    Many cruise lines provided vouchers for discounts on future cruises as their settlement of claims of overcharges in port charges. Carnival Cruise Line, for example, issued 4.5 million vouchers worth $126 million toward future cruises. Vouchers ranged in value from $25 to $55, depending on the length of cruise taken. That lawsuit, filed in 1996, was finally settled in May 2001.

31    See Molly Morris, “VIPA Agrees to Crown Bay Dock Expansion,”
St. Thomas Source
(August 15, 2001),

<
www.onesource.com/stthomasvi
>.

32    Ibid.

33    Molly Morris, “VIPA, WICO, Chamber Share Views on Crown Bay,”
St. Thomas Source
(December 17, 2001), <
www.onesource.com/stthomasvi
>.

34    See Molly Morris, “VIPA Decides to Develop Crown Bay on Its Own,”
St. Thomas Source
(April 2, 2002), <
www.onesource.com/stthomasvi
>.

35    “Carnival in J/V to Build Port near Cancun,”
Seatrade Insider News
(November 7, 2001).

Chapter 3: Beyond the Muster Drill

1 Testimony of Jim Hall (US National Transportation Safety Board chairperson) before the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime

Transportation, regarding cruise ship safety, October 7, 1999, <
http://www.house.gov/transportation/cgmt/10-07-99/hall.html
>.

2    See, for example: National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Report: Fire on Board the Liberian Passenger Ship Ecstasy, Miami, Florida, July 20, 1998,
NTSB/MAR-01/01, 2001; and National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Brief Report: Fire on Board the Netherlands-Registered Passenger Ship Nieuw Amsterdam, Glacier Bay, Alaska, May 23, 2000,
NTSB/MBR-01/01, 2001.

3    See, for example: Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Marine Occurrence Report:
Grounding, Passenger Vessel
“Hanseatic”
Simpson Strait, Northwest Territories, August 29 1996,
(TSBC, 1996); US National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Report: Grounding of the Liberian Passenger Ship Star Princess, on Poundstone Rock, Lynn Canal, Alaska, June 23, 1995,
NTSB/MAR-97/02, 1997; National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Report Grounding of the Panamanian Passenger Ship
Royal Majesty,
on Rose and Crown Shoal near Nantucket, Massachusetts, June 10, 1995,
NTSB/MAR-97/01, 1997; National Transportation Safety Board,
Grounding of U.S. Passenger Vessel M/V Yorktown Clipper in Glacier Bay, Alaska, August 18, 1993,
NTSB/MAR-94/02, 1994; National Transportation Safety Board,
Grounding of the United Kingdom Passenger Vessel RMS
Queen Elizabeth 2
near Cuttyhunk Island, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, August 7, 1992,
NTSB/MAR-93/01, 1993.

4    A full report on the 1989 collision of Carnival Cruise Line’s
Celebration
with a Cuban cement freighter was not issued because the
Celebration’s
crew refused to cooperate with investigators. A partial report is contained in National Transportation Safety Board report no. DCA89MM029.

5    See National Transportation Safety Board,
Collision of the Netherlands Antilles Passenger Ship
Noordam
and the Maltese Bulk Carrier
Mount Ymitos
in the Gulf of Mexico, November 6, 1993,
NTSB/MAR-95/01, 1995.

6    See “Cruise Passengers Still Questioning Predawn Jolt,”
Los Angeles Times
(June 28, 1997), p. B2.

7    See Transportation Safety Board of Canada,
Marine Occurrence Report M96W0187: Near Collision Between the Cruise Ship
“Statendam”
and the Tug/Barge Unit
“Belleisle Sound”/“Radium 622,”
Discovery Passage, British Columbia, 11 August 1996
(TSBC, 1996).

8    See Sarah Boseley, “Passengers in Terror on Blazing Cruise Liner,”
Manchester Guardian
(October 6, 1997), p. 1.

9    Brittany Wallman and Peter Bernard, “Coast Guard Safety Concerns in Keeping Cruise Ship in Miami Port,”
Sun Sentinel
(May 27, 2001), .

10    See Karl Ross, “Norway Calls off Seven-Day Journey: Company May Face Safety Sanctions,”
Miami Herald
(May 30, 2001).

11    See “Europe Will Target Cruise Ships in Safety Campaign from 2003,”
Lloyd’s List
(July 16, 2001), <
www.lloydslist.com
>.

12    International Commission on Shipping,
Inquiry into Ship Safety: Ships, Slaves and Competition
(ICONS, 2000).

13    See “Europe Will Target Cruise Ships,”
Lloyd’s List
(July 16, 2001).

14    See
“Ocean Glory I
Plight ’Tip of the Iceberg’ ”
Lloyd’s List
(July 9, 2001); and “Outrage over ’Death Trap’ That Puts Passengers off Cruising,”
Lloyd’s List
(July 4, 2001); <
www.lloydslist.com
>.

15    See House of Representatives,
Effect of the Passenger Services Act on the Domestic Cruise Industry: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
(April 29, 1998), p. 171.

16    See David Olser, “Norwegian Dream Collision Report Blames ‘Confused’ Officer,”
Lloyd’s List
(May 22, 2000), p. 3; and “Recommendations of the Report,” ibid.

17    See Joel Glass, “USCG Plea to IMO on Passenger Safety,”
Lloyd’s List
(June 10, 1992), p. 3.

18    See National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Report: Fire On Board the Panamanian Passenger Ship
Universe Explorer
in the Lynn Canal near Juneau, Alaska, July 27, 1996,
NTSB/MAR-98/02,

1998.

19    National Transportation Safety Board,
Marine Accident Brief: Fire Aboard the Passenger Ship
Vistafjord,
near Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas, April 6,
1997, NTSB/MAR-98/01, 1998.

20    “Cruise Line Industry Security Issues,” testimony of J. Michael Crye, (ICCL president) before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine (October 2, 2001), <
www.iccl.org/pressroom/testi-mony.pdf
>.

21    Douglas Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes,”
New York Times
(November 16, 1998), <
www.nytimes.com
>.

22    See Margaret Adams, “Rape Case Threatens Cruise Industry Image: Girl, 14, Says Crewman Assaulted Her,”
Miami Herald,
Broward edition (February 5, 1990), p. A1.

23    Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes.”

24    Ibid.

25    Jim Oliphant, “When the Fun Stops,”
Miami Daily Business Review
(July 14, 1999), <
http://www.floridabiz.com
>.

26    See
TravelWeekly TW Crossroads Daily News
[e-letter] [June 28, 2001]. The need for proper caution is further reflected in an Associated Press story dated August 23, 2001, entitled “Pedophile Caught in Thailand Admits Porn Habit.” The arrested man had been on the FBI’s “Ten Most Wanted” list; he admitted that during his year as a fugitive he had played piano on a cruise ship between Hong Kong and the Mediterranean.

27    Douglas Frantz, “Cruise Line Reports 62 Alleged Sexual Assaults over

5 Years,”
New York Times
(July 14, 1999). Also see Frantz, “Cruise Line Says It Underreported Allegations of Sexual Assault,”
New York Times,
July 29, 1999; <
www.nytimes.com
>.

28    Wendy Doscher, “Carnival Settles with Jane Doe in Suit Alleging Sexual Assault,”
Miami Daily Business Review
(December 2, 1999), <
http://www.floridabiz.com
>.

29    Susan Richards, “Pestered at Sea,”
Los Angeles Times
(December 1,

1991), p. L22.

30    See Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes.”

31    See Joel Glass, “Two Held for Cruise Death,”
Lloyd’s List
(March 4, 1993), p. 3.

32    See Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes”; and Tristram Korten, “Carnival? Try Criminal: What Happens when a Female Passenger Is Assaulted on a Cruise Ship? Not Much,”
Miami New Times
(February 3-9, 2000), <
www.miaminewtimes.com
>.

33    Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes.”

34    Nickie McWhirter, “Proposal Has Vacationers Cruising for a Bruising,”
Detroit News
(August 29, 1995), p. F5.

35    Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes.”

36    Korten, “Carnival? Try Criminal.”

37    McWhirter, “Proposal Has Vacationers Cruising.”

38    Frantz, “On Cruise Ships, Silence Shrouds Crimes.”

39    Ibid.

40    Anne Kalosh, “Shipboard Confidential: Love, Sex, Death, and the Baron’s Missing Trousers,”
Los Angeles Times
(September 12, 1993), p. L1.