Death of a Dissident (63 page)

And yet, for all I know, it is hard to imagine a more meaningful and “rewarding” end, if one can apply these notions to death at all. Sasha, an oper par excellence, solved his murder by naming the perpetrators and the man who sent them on the job, even before the critical evidence arrived or the murder weapon was recovered. A consummate conspiracy theorist, not only did he offer one of the most incredible theories of all, but in his death he managed to offer the most compelling proof. By doing so he gave credence to all his previous theories, delivering justice for the tenants of the bombed apartment blocks, the Moscow theater-goers, Yushenkov, Schekochihin, and Anna Politkovskaya, and the half-exterminated nation of Chechnya, exposing their killers for the whole world to see.

This book would not have been possible without the enthusiasm, acumen, and diligent help of Bruce Nichols of Free Press, who gave his heart and wisdom to our frenzied endeavor and nursed it chapter by chapter, making it a truly collaborative effort. Others at Simon & Schuster on both sides of the Atlantic, particularly Judith Hoover, our liaison with the English language, and everyone else on the production team have done their utmost to bring this project to completion against a deadline that many said was impossible to meet. Our agent and steward in the unfamiliar undertaking of authorship, the magnificent Ed Victor, proved every bit true to his reputation as a legend in the industry. There are several sources and friends who opted for not being mentioned by name, for obvious reasons. We are indebted to them all and, of course, to all those who provided information and are quoted in the book.

We are blessed with wonderful friends—the Zakayev and Berezovsky families, George Menzies and Jane, Olga Konskaya and Andrei Nekrasov, Nikolai Glushkov and Yuli Dubov, Lord Tim Bell and Jennifer Morgan—who stood by Sasha in his final fight and who helped and looked after Marina during these arduous times. Oleg Gordievsky and Vladimir Bukovsky deserve special praise for their friendship and insight.

Valter and Zinaida were there for Marina when she needed them most, and Valentina was her true friend in need. Alex would not have survived these months if not for shelter and amenities provided by Anukampa and Timosha.

Marina is especially thankful to Jay and Colin of the Metropolitan Police and Giacomo Croci for being her guardian angels.

Most of all we are grateful to Svetlana, who was there all the way from Antalya to Highgate, and to Tolik, for being his mother’s source of comfort, strength, and hope.

Abramovich, Roman (Roma), 56, 143, 155, 171, 182, 202, 236

Aeroflot, 38, 110, 141-43, 144, 154, 161-62, 181, 232-34, 237

Akhmadov, Ilyas, 288, 311

Akimov, Vladimir, 246

Aksionenko, Nikolai, 164

Alfa Bank, 172

alpha radiation, 327, 336

Ames, Aldrich, 243

Amnesty International, 201, 293

Andava, 142, 155, 161

Andropov, Yuri, 163, 179

Ankara, Turkey, 5, 7-13, 21

U.S. embassy in, 8-9, 13-14

Annan, Kofi, 290

anthrax, 343

Anti-Terrorist Center (ATC), 23, 24, 26, 118, 119, 122, 124

Arafat, Yasir, 320-21

Argumenty i Fakti
(
Arguments and Facts
), 61, 158

Aristotle, 205

Armenia, 213

Assassination of Russia
, 249-52, 253, 254, 255, 257-59

Associated Press, 289, 297

asylum, 299

Atlantic Monthly
, 117

Atomic Weapons Establishment, British, 330-31

Atta, Mohammed, 152

automobile industry, 30-31, 54, 56

Aven, Peter, 172

aviation industry, 38, 62

Azerbaijan, 113, 152

Bagraev, Yuri, 160

Baltimore Sun
, 196

Bank of England, 47, 50

banking industry:

Russian economic crisis and, 51, 139-40

Russian privatization and, 53, 60-61, 62-63, 65, 110-11, 123, 172

Soros and, 47, 50

Barayev, Arbi, 151, 216, 271

Barayev, Movsar, 271, 275, 290, 291, 292

Barber of Siberia, The
, 154

Barnet Hospital, 318-20, 321, 322, 326, 336

Barsukov, Mikhail, 39, 126, 131, 142

Chechen conflict and, 90-91

election of 1996 and, 62, 63, 78, 80, 81, 82

Barsukov, Sergei, 168, 170, 193-94

Basayev, Shamil, 51, 95, 151, 175, 216

Beslan massacre and, 310

cease-fire supported by, 312

in Chechen government, 312-13

Dagestan incursion and, 177, 187-88, 189

election of 1997 and, 105-6

Moscow theater siege and, 292

Batchayev, Timur, 215, 270, 271

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 132

Belashkov, Anatoly, 309

Bell, Lord Tim, 293, 321, 343

Belovezh Agreement (1991), 70, 71

Berezovskaya, Lena, 38, 154, 156, 202, 232, 233, 329

Berezovsky, Boris, 243

Abramovich and, 56-57, 143, 155, 171, 182, 236

Aeroflot and, 38, 110, 141-43, 144, 154, 161-62, 181, 232-34

arrest warrant issued by Russian government for, 348

assassination attempt in Moscow on, 29-31, 35, 55

assassination plots by FSB against, 3-4, 124-26, 129-33, 144-46, 300-303

asylum request of, 299

attempted arrest of, 35-36, 61

automobile business of, 30-31, 54, 63, 110, 134, 294

Chechen kidnapping negotiations and, 109, 117, 144, 151, 153-54, 216

Chechen peace negotiations and, 99-103, 105, 106, 138

Chechen-Russian pipeline reopening deal and, 112-14

Chubais as opponent of, 116-17, 123

decline in influence of, 144-47, 154-57, 201-12

defection of Litvinenko and, 3-4, 7, 14

election of 1996 and, 59-82

election of 1999 and, 191-92, 194

election of 2000 and, 163-64, 174, 180-81, 203

election of 2003 and, 278

election of 2004 and, 290, 306

extradition fight of, 298-303

Felshtinsky and, 217-18

Gazprom deal and, 109-12, 114-15

Goldfarb and, 117, 203-6, 216, 229-34, 239-40, 247-52, 344

Gusinsky’s alliance with, 59-62, 64-65, 67-68, 71, 75-77, 78, 80

Gusinsky’s falling-out with, 189-90

Gusinsky’s peace-making with, 218

home in France of, 3

Israeli citizenship of, 100-101

Korzhakov and, 73, 125, 131, 142-43

Kovalyov and, 271-74

Kursk
disaster and, 208-12, 218

legal aid program of, 239-40

Litvinenko defection and, 223-24, 233, 243

Litvinenko poisoning and, 319, 320, 321, 326, 328-29, 331, 339, 340, 344

Litvinenko prosecution and, 168-69, 186, 194

Litvinenko’s corruption investigations and, 39-41

Litvinenko’s whistle-blowing and, 130-34, 167

Lugovoy and, 319

mass media and, 31-37, 46, 49, 50, 51, 54, 57, 141, 154, 233-36, 238, 249-52, 319

Moscow apartment bombings investigation and, 189-91, 215-17, 254, 257, 269-70, 273, 279

Moscow theater siege investigation and, 273-74

NSC appointment of, 99

Orange Revolution and, 316

Politkovskaya murder and, 328-29

Primakov and, 140-41, 142-43, 144-46, 154, 162, 164, 181, 186

Putin and, 134-36, 137, 138, 146-47, 154, 163-65, 171, 174, 180-82, 188-89, 194-95, 201-7, 208, 210-13, 214, 218, 231, 232, 233-36, 239, 247-48, 249, 252, 270, 278, 295, 321-22, 343-48

Putin’s federal restructuring and, 204-6, 208, 212

Russian economic crisis and, 140

as Russian oligarch, 3, 41, 110, 116-17, 211-12, 213, 229-30, 231, 249

Russian opposition movement and, 231-32, 238-42, 248, 249-52, 257, 269, 274, 284, 294, 297, 298, 316

second Chechen war and, 186-91, 215, 216, 272, 287, 293-95

Sibneft deal and, 54-57, 110, 111, 154

Skuratov and, 154-55, 157-58, 161-62, 186

Soros and, 46-47, 49, 50, 51, 55-56, 64, 98, 109-12, 114-15, 116-17, 215-16, 229-31, 346, 347

Switzerland trips of, 37-38, 142

terrorism claims against, 252, 272, 287, 293, 328-29, 346

Trepashkin and, 285

Trofimov and, 35-36, 37, 73-74

Yeltsin and, 66-67, 123, 156, 174

Zakayev and, 293-95

Berezovsky Foundation, see International Foundation for Civil Liberties (IFCL)

Beria, Lavrenty, 163

Beslan massacre, 310-11

Bethel, Nicholas, 293

bin Laden, Osama, 152, 254, 296, 311

bismuth, 337

Black Wednesday (Sept. 16, 1992), 47

Blair, Tony, 203, 244

Blowing Up Russia
(Litvinenko and Felshtinsky), 242, 246-48, 253, 283

Blumenfeld, Mark, 282-83

Bogachyov, Vasily, 309

Bonner, Elena, 233, 238-39, 285, 294

Border Guards, Russian, 147

Bordyuzha, Nikolai, 147

Borodin, Pavel, 171

Brezhnev, Leonid, 164

Britain, Great, 173, 311

Berezovsky-Putin conflict and Russian relations with, 347-48

Chechen kidnappings and, 153

Litvinenko murder investigation by, 335, 338-42, 343-44

Politkovskaya murder investigation and, 321

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 290, 292-93

Budyonnovsk, Russia, 51

Bukovsky, Vladimir, 242-43, 294, 295

Bush, George W., 242, 248, 273, 287, 310, 312

Butyrka prison, 194, 207

Cap d’Antibes, France, 3

“Capitalist Threat, The” (Soros), 117

Capone, Al, 49

Carnegie Hall, 49

Carr, Camilla, 144, 153

Carter, Edwin Redwald (Litvinenko pseudonym), 244-45, 260, 305

Castro, Fidel, 321

Central Bank of Russia, 140

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 106, 258, 321, 347

Aldrich Ames and, 243

Litvinenko defection and, 7-9, 12, 13-14, 18-19, 21

Russian election analysis of, 64

Chaika, Yuri, 321

Channel One, 33-37, 51

Chas
, 40 Chateau d’Oex, Switzerland, 38

Chechen National Actors Guild, 85

Chechen Republic:

civilian casualties in, 312, 348

de facto sovereignty accorded to, 85

deterioration of Russian relations with, 151-54