Dirty Wars (111 page)

161
moved the task force
:
Sifton and Garlasco, “No Blood, No Foul.”

162
“
the Death Star
”:
Mark Urban,
Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the SAS and the Secret War in Iraq
(London: Little, Brown, 2010), p. 82. Other characterizations of the JOC come from Urban's book.

162
“
experiment in intel crowdsourcing
”:
Spencer Ackerman, “How Special Ops Copied al-Qaida to Kill It,” Danger Room (blog),
Wired.com
, September 9, 2011,
www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/09/mcchrystal-network/all/
.

163
killed in an ambush
:
Jeffrey Gettleman, “Enraged Mob in Fallujah Kills Four American Contractors,”
New York Times
, March 31, 2004.

163
“
Kick ass!
”:
Lieutenant General Ricardo S. Sanchez, with Donald T. Phillips,
Wiser in Battle: A Soldier's Story
(New York: HarperCollins, 2008), pp. 349-350.

163
“
Thugs and assassins
”:
Transcript, “Defense Department Operational Update Briefing,” April 20, 2004.

163
“
arrogance and hubris
”:
Urban,
Task Force Black
, p. 40.

163
body was discovered
:
Associated Press, “Body Found on Baghdad Overpass Identified as That of American,” USAToday.com, posted May 11, 2004.

163
video appeared online
:
CBS/AP, “CIA: Top Terrorist Executed Berg,” CBSNews.com, posted May 13, 2004. The video was also posted with the title “Sheikh Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Slaughters an American Infidel with His Own Hands.”

164
“
Jihadi Advanced University
”:
Author interview, Malcolm Nance, May 2011.

164
money poured in
:
Jonathan Masters and Greg Bruno, “Al-Qaeda in Iraq,” Council on Foreign Relations, updated March 20, 2012,
www.cfr.org/iraq/al-qaeda-iraq/p14811
.

164
“
media spotlight
”:
Author interview, Richard Rowley, September 2011.

164
Enron executive
:
“Jim Steele, Counselor to US Ambassador for Iraqi Security Forces,” Premiere Speakers Bureau, accessed August 2012,
http://premierespeakers.com/jim_steele/bio
.

164
senior Iraq job
:
Jon Lee Anderson, “The Uprising: Shia and Sunnis Put Aside Their Differences,”
New Yorker
, May 3, 2004.

165
key “counterinsurgency
”:
Peter Maass, “The Salvadorization of Iraq: The Way of the Commandos,”
New York Times Magazine
, May 1, 2005.

165
called to testify
:
Christopher Drew, “Testimony on Contras Still Haunts Colonel,”
Chicago Tribune
, July 7, 1991.

165
“
Salvador Option
”:
John Barry and Michael Hirsh, “‘The Salvador Option,'”
Newsweek
, January 7, 2005.

165
“
good lesson,” “cut off their hands
”:
Rod Nordland, “Iraq's Repairman,”
Newsweek
, July 5, 2004.

165
Special Police Commando Unit
:
Maass, “The Salvadorization of Iraq.”

165
“
embracing a new strategy
”:
Ibid.

165
“
Vital months
”:
Urban,
Task Force Black
, pp. 52-53.

166
“
smart and cunning
”:
John Barry and Michael Hirsh, “The Hunt Heats Up,”
Newsweek
, March 14, 2004.

167
Joint Prioritized Effects List
:
Nick Davies, “Afghanistan War Logs: Task Force 373—Special Force Hunting Top Taliban,”
Guardian
, July 25, 2010.

167
leadership targeting cell
:
Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Shaffer,
Operation Dark Heart: Spycraft and Special Ops on the Frontlines of Afghanistan
—
and the Path to Victory
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010), p. 32.

167
fake documents, Chris Stryker
:
Ibid., p. 24.

167
“
started to roll into Bagram
”:
Ibid., p. 195.

168
large operations center, “Death Star
”:
Ibid, p. 196.

168
didn't sit well
:
Ibid., p. 197.

168
“
the intel indicates,” “it's not an option
”:
Ibid., p. 116.

169
secret deal
:
Mark Mazzetti and David Rohde, “Amid U.S. Policy Disputes, Qaeda Grows in Pakistan,”
New York Times
, June 30, 2008.

169
“
violate the sovereignty of Pakistan
”:
Author interview, Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Shaffer, May 2011.

169
Rules of Engagement
:
Scott Lindlaw (AP), “U.S. OK'd Troop Terror Hunts in Pakistan,”
Washington Post
, August 23, 2007.

169
34 percent increase
:
Jennifer D. Kibbe, “Rise of the Shadow Warriors,”
Foreign Policy
, (March-April 2004).

170
“
protect U.S. citizens and interests
”:
Communication from the President of the United States: A Supplemental Consolidated Report, Consistent with the War Powers Resolution, To Help Ensure That the Congress Is Kept Fully Informed on U.S. Military Activities in Support of the War on Terror, Kosovo, and Bosnia Herzegovina, Pursuant to Pub. L. 93-148, H. Doc. 110-5, December 15, 2006.

170
fifteen to twenty such countries
:
Eric Schmitt and Mark Mazzetti, “Secret Order Lets US Raid al Qaeda,”
New York Times
, November 8, 2008.

170
drafted in 2003
:
Documents provided to the author in confidence; author interview, Special Operations source, November 2009.

170
“
you can go after him
”:
Author interview, Special Operations source, November 2009.

170
“
bureaucratic drag
”:
Documents provided to the author in confidence.

170
Military Liaison Elements
:
Thom Shanker and Scott Shane, “Elite Troops Get Expanded Role on Intelligence,”
New York Times
, March 8, 2006.

170
“
certain to increase significantly
”:
Ibid.

171
“
I don't interpret it that way at all
”:
Barton Gellman, “Secret Unit Expands
Rumsfeld's Domain; New Espionage Branch Delving into CIA Territory,”
Washington Post
, January 23, 2005.

171
“
seventy-two-hour heads up,” new guidelines
:
Ibid.

171
“
Why aren't they telling us?
”:
Gellman, “Secret Unit Expands Rumsfeld's Domain.”

171
insert language
:
Michael Smith,
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2006), p. 268; author interview, Special Operations source, January 2011.

171
“
There are a lot of things in NSPD-38
”:
Author interview, Special Operations source, January 2011.

172
“
pretty plainly illegal
”:
Author interview, Scott Horton, September 2010.

172
“
Preparation of the Battlespace
”:
Memorandum from Donald Rumsfeld for General Dick Myers, Doug Feith; CC: General Pete Pace, Steve Cambone, “Preparation of the Battlespace,” September 2, 2004,
www.rumsfeld.com/library/
.

172
nascent stage
:
John Sifton, “A Brief History of Drones,”
Nation
, February 27, 2012.

172
“
Unblinking Eye
”:
Michael T. Flynn, Rich Juergens, and Thomas L. Cantrell, “Employing ISR; SOF Best Practices,”
Joint Forces Quarterly
50 (July 2008).

173
“
Continuous Clandestine Tagging
”:
Doug Richardson, SOAL-T WSO, “US Special Operations Command; Continuous, Clandestine, Tagging, Tracking and Locating (CTTL),” PowerPoint presentation prepared for USSOCOM, September 5, 2007.

173
“
bioreactive taggant
”:
Author interviews, Hunter (pseudonym), June 2012; Richardson, “US Special Operations Command.”

174
“
JSOC is awesome
”:
“On the Record; Excerpts from Bob Woodward's Oval Office Interviews with President George W. Bush, May 20-21, 2008,”
Washington Post
,
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/war-within/audio/
.

174
press commanders
:
Bob Woodward,
The War Within: A Secret White House History, 2006-2008
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008), p. 13.

174
“
I don't even know how many
”:
Michael Hastings,
The Operators: The Wild and Terrifying Inside Story of America's War in Afghanistan
(New York: Blue Rider Press, 2012), p. 173.

174
JSOC liaison offices
:
Mark Urban,
Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the SAS and the Secret War in Iraq
(London: Little, Brown, 2010), p. 53; Shanker and Shane, “Elite Troops Get Expanded Role.”

174
“
Department of Defense is very eager
”:
Shanker and Shane, “Elite Troops Get Expanded Role.”

175
“
It's not a good idea
”:
Author interview, Colonel W. Patrick Lang (Ret.), September 2010.

175
“
why not go hammer?
”:
Author interview, Andrew Exum, March 2012.

175
behind-the-scenes scuffle
:
Mazzetti and Rohde, “Amid U.S. Policy Disputes.”

175
“
would never cooperate
”:
Author interview, Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Shaffer, May 2011. All statements and information attributed to Lieutenant Colonel Shaffer come from the author's interview, unless otherwise noted.

175
“
biggest folly
”:
Mazzetti and Rohde, “Amid U.S. Policy Disputes.”

176
CIA took advantage of the disorder
:
Marc Ambinder and D. B. Grady,
The Command: Deep Inside the President's Secret Army
(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2012, Kindle edition), chap. 10, “Widening the Playing Field.”

176
“
SCREEN HUNTER
”:
Ibid.

176
“
first among equals
”:
Mark Mazzetti, “C.I.A. Closes Unit Focused on Capture of bin Laden,”
New York Times
, July 4, 2006.

177
“
hurting because of Iraq
”:
Mazzetti and Rohde, “Amid U.S. Policy Disputes.”

177
“
boys with toys
”:
Ibid.

177
“
They choppered in
”:
Greg Miller, “War on Terror Loses Ground,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 27, 2008.

177
“
violated Pakistani airspace
”:
Rahimullah Yusufzai, “Forty-Six Killed in North Waziristan Fighting; Military Claims Killing Forty-one Foreign Militants,” accessed April 10, 2012,
www.pakdef.info/forum/printthread.php?t=6012&p-p=25&page=15
.

177
including Pakistan's Frontier Corps
:
Author interview, former Blackwater executive, November 2009.

177
Forward Operating Bases
:
Erik Prince, speech given January 2010, author copy of audio.

178
Blackwater SELECT
:
James Risen and Mark Mazzetti, “C.I.A. Said to Use Outsiders to Put on Drones,”
New York Times
, August 20, 2010.

178
“
Vibrant Fury
”:
Matthew Cole, Richard Esposito, and Brian Ross, “Mercenaries? CIA Says Expanded Role for Contractors Legitimate,”
ABCNews.go.com
, December 11, 2009.

178
“
secondary in importance
”:
Letter, Ayman al Zawahiri to Musab al Zarqawi, July 9, 2005, released by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence on October 11, 2005,
www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/report/2005/zawahiri-zarqawi-letter_9jul2005.htm
.

179
“
make you an example,” Askariyya Mosque
:
Seth G. Jones,
Hunting in the Shadows: The Pursuit of al Qaeda Since 9/11
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2012), p. 249.

179
alliance with the occupation
:
John Ward Anderson, “Iraqi Tribes Strike Back at Insurgents,”
Washington Post
, March 7, 2006.

179
found, fixed and finished
:
Dexter Filkins, Mark Mazzetti, and Richard A. Oppell Jr., “How Surveillance and Betrayal Led to a Hunt's End,”
New York Times
, June 9, 2006. Details of the Zarqawi raid can be found in this article.