Drinking Water (40 page)
drinking from the nearby red well: Nava Ashraf et al., “Can Higher Prices Stimulate Product Use? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Zambia” (National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 13247, 2007), | |
does not provide cause for alarm: “Where are PPCPs found in the environment?,” Environmental Protection Agency, | |
additional 25 percent worried: Charles Fishman, | |
standards for bottled water: See “Bottled Water: Pure Drink or Pure Hype?,” Natural Resources Defense Council (1999), | |
the Sacramento radio station: “Radio Station Fires 10 After Deadly Contest,” | |
cause of death was determined: “Doctors: Marathoner Died from Too Much Water,” | |
on the day of the race: Steve Nearman, “Too Much of a Good Thing,” | |
and even death: Coco Ballantyne, “Strange but True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill,” | |
As Paracelsus famously expounded: W. Norman Aldridge, |
5: Blue Terror
break-in at the town’s water tower: Tom Arrandale, “Hydro Defense,” | |
poisonous hellebore roots: Gleick, | |
diseased animal carcasses: James A. Romano, Brian J. Lukey, and Harry Salem, eds., | |
allegedly introduced cholera strains: Ibid. | |
cherry laurel water: “Security and Water,” Water Encyclopedia: Science and Issues, | |
the strategic position they occupy: J. E. Hoover, “Water Supply Facilities and National Defense,” | |
facility in Fort Detrick: “Chemical and Biological Terrorism: The Threat According to the Open Literature,” Canadian Security Intelligence Service, | |
a plot by the white supremacist group: “Covenant Sword and Arm of the Lord (CSA),” National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, | |
a tunnel under the U.S. embassy: Andrew J. Whelton et al., “The Cyanic Threat to Potable Water,” American Water Works Association (AWWA) Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings (June 15–19, 2003), 1. | |
soldiers in Afghanistan: “Water Unsecured: Public Drinking Water is Vulnerable to Terrorist Attack,” The Public Citizen (Oct. 2004), 101. | |
“threats against municipal water systems”: Peter S. Beering, “Threats on Tap: Understanding the Terrorist Threat to Water,” | |
A classified 2012 U.S. intelligence assessment: Karen De-Young, “Water shortages increasingly will offer new weapons for states, terror groups,” | |
a modern water system: GAO, Drinking Water Experts’ Views on How Future Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security (October 2003), | |
75,000 dams: John B. Stephenson, “Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security,” United States Government Accountability Office (Sept. 30, 2004), 4. | |
two million miles of pipe: Benjamin H. Grumbles, “Statement of Benjamin H. Grumbles Acting Assistant Administrator for Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency before the Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials Energy and Commerce Committee” (Sept. 30, 2004), 9. | |
160,000 drinking water facilities: Government Accounting Office, Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent To Improve Security 5 (2004, GAO-04-1098T). | |
bird droppings in the town’s water tank: “Occurrence and Monitoring Document for the Final Ground Water Rule,” Environmental Protection Agency (Oct. 2006), 2–6, | |
assessed as possible or probable weapons: Clark and Deininger, “Protecting the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure,” 73. | |
bioengineered agents: Mark Wheelis and Malcolm Dando, “New Technology and Future Developments in Biological Warfare,” United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, | |
known generally as SCADA systems: Yacov Y. Haimes, “Strategic Responses to Risks of Terrorism to Water Sources,” | |
encouraging football viewers: Sam McManis, “Super Bowl XXI: Notebook: ‘Experts’ of the Media Pick Giants to Win It,” | |
all sprinted to relieve themselves: Linda Yates, “Down the Tubes,” | |
noises to prevent birds: “2008 Watershed Protection Plan Update,” Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, | |
reservoir with cyanide: Brad Poole, “Keeping Our Water Safe; Tucson Water has Spent $3M to Boost Security Since 9/11,” | |
microfiltration or ultrafiltration: Clark and Deininger, “Protecting the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure,” 75. | |
focused on airborne contaminants: Ibid. | |
the Government Accountability Office: “Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Future Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security,” U.S. Government Accountability Office, Oct. 31, 2003, | |
this slug of infected water: P. Aarne Vesilind, “Engineering and the Threat of Terrorism,” | |
flowed out of faucets around: “Case Histories of Selected Backflow Incidents,” | |
gallons of fire-retardant foam: Yochi J. Dreazen, “Reservoirs May Be Safe, but House Pipes Can be Used to Push Toxins into a Neighborhood,” | |
“attempt to create a backflow”: Ibid. | |
a lock of blond hair looping: “Buster Backflow,” American Backflow Prevention Association, | |
a drum of toxic chemicals: Dreazen, “Reservoirs May Be Safe,” A14. | |
President Clinton issued: Haimes, “Strategic Responses to Risks of Terrorism to Water Sources,” 383. | |
following the attacks of 9/11: “Instructions to Assist Community Water Systems in Complying with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002,” Office of Water EPA 810-B-02-001, | |
security, law enforcement: Grumbles, “Statement of Benjamin H. Grumbles,” 7. | |
patrols of Chicago’s intake sites: Gleick, | |
tripling the dedicated police force: Arrandale, “Hydro Defense,” 50. See also “State, City Announce Landmark Agreement to Safeguard New York City Drinking Water,” New York City Environmental Protection, | |
with sodium hypochlorite: “Water Unsecured,” 106. | |
trout, he said: Arrandale, “Hydro Defense,” 50. | |
detected sediments disturbed: Ibid. | |
“vigilant in protecting our water systems”: Jennifer Smith, “Protecting the Water Supply; City Gets Federal Funds to Install Alert System for Drinking Water in Case of Terror Attack, Contamination,” | |
“perceived as key targets”: “Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector,” Congressional Research Service (2003), 2. | |
of this amount, $113 million: “Water Unsecured,” The Public Citizen, 103. | |
seems like a lot of money: Ibid. | |
the size of Dallas: “Protecting our Water: Drinking Water Security in America After 9/11,” American Water Works Association, | |
improved lighting, locks: Ibid. | |
anti-asteroid laser cannon: Brandon Keim, “How to Defend Earth Against an Asteroid Strike,” | |
did not weaken teeth but: “The Story of Fluoridation,” National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Mar. 25, 2011, | |
fluoridated their water: “Water fluoridation statistics for 2006,” Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Sept. 1, 2008. | |
this public health intervention: See, e.g., Marian S. Mc-Donagh, Penny F. Whiting, and Paul M. Wilson et al., “Systematic review of water fluoridation,” | |
Ten Great Public Health Achievements: “Ten Great Public Health Achievements,” | |
the anti-Communist Keep America Committee: An image of the flyer can be found at Wikimedia, |
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