Eat Meat And Stop Jogging: 'Common' Advice On How To Get Fit Is Keeping You Fat And Making You Sick (14 page)

BOOK: Eat Meat And Stop Jogging: 'Common' Advice On How To Get Fit Is Keeping You Fat And Making You Sick
10.16Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

 

A B Nichols, et al. 1976. Daily nutritional intake and serum lipid levels: The Tecumseh Study. Am J Clin Nutr . 29: 1384.

 

1982. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA . 248: 1465.

 

Elias, P. K., et al., 2005. “Serum Cholesterol and Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Heart Study,” Psychosomatic Medicine 67(1):24-30.

 

West, R., et al., 2008. “Better Memory Functioning Associated with Higher Total and Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Very Elderly Subjects Without and Apolipoprotein e4 Allele.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 16(9):781:85.

 

Dawber, T. R. 1980. The Framingham Study. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press.

 

Powell, K. E. et al. 1987. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary artery disease. Annual Review of Public Health 8:253-87.

 

Brown, D. R. 1990. Exercise, fitness, and mental health. In Exercise, Fitness, and Health, ed. 607-26. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Reaven, G. M. 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37:1595-1607.

 

Kannel, W. B. 1990. Contribution of the Framingham Study to prevent cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 15:206-11.

 

Paffenbarger, R. S., R. T. Hyde, and A.L. Wing. 1986. Physical activity, all cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England Journal of Medicine 315 (March 6):605-13.

 

Jacobs, D., et al., 1992. “Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Associations,” Circulation 86, no. 3:1046-60.

 

Huang, X., et al., 2008. “Low LDL Cholesterol and Increased Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: Prospective Results from Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.” Movement Disorders 23, no.7:1013-18.

 

De Lau, L. M., et al., 2006. “Serum Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease.” American Journal of Epidemiology 164, no. 10:998-1002.

 

Shin, J. Y., et al., 2008. “Are Cholesterol and Depression Inversely Related? A Meta-analysis of the Association Between Two Cardiac Risk Factors.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 36(1):33-43.

 

Morgan, R. E., et al., 1993. “Plasma Cholesterol and Depressive Symptoms in Older Men.” Lancet 341(8837):75-79.

 

Horsten, M. et al., 1997. “Depressive Symptoms, Social Support, and Lipid Profile in Healthy Middle-aged Women.” Psychosomatic Medicine 59(5):521-28.

 

Steegmans, P. H., et al., 2000. “Higher Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Middle-aged Men with Low Serum Cholesterol Levels.” Psychosomatic Medicine 62(2):205-11.

 

Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., et al., 2008. “Low Serum Cholesterol May Be Associated with Suicide Attempt History.” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69(12):1920-27.

 

Boscarino, J. A., et al., 2009. “Low Serum Cholesterol and External-cause Mortality: Potential Implications for Research and Surveillance.” Journal of Psychiatric Research 43(9):848-54.

 

Travison, T. G., et al., 2007. A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 92(1).

 

Rizvi, K., et al., 2002. “Do Lipid-Lowering Drugs Cause Erectile Dysfunction? A Systematic Review.” Journal of the Family Practice 19, no. 1:95-98.

 

Corona, G., et al., 2010. “The Effect of Statin Therapy on Testosterone Levels in Subjects Consulting for Erectile Dysfunction.” Journal of Sexual Medicine 7, no. 4:1547-56.

 

Golomb, B. A., Evans, M. A. 2008. Statin adverse effects : a review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 8(6):373-418.

 

Charach, G., et al., 2010. “Baseline Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure.” American Journal of Cardiology 105, no. 1:100-04.

 

Seneff, S., “APOE-4: The Clue to Why Low Fat Diet and Statins May Cause Alzheimer’s” (December 2009), http://people.csail.mit.edu/seneff/alzheimers_statins.html

 

Taubes G (March 2001). "Nutrition. The soft science of dietary fat". Science 291 (5513): 2536–45.

 

J. Michael Gaziano. 1997. “Fasting Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction,” Circulation 96:2520-2525.

 

Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Kelley DS. 1995. Low-fat diets do not lower plasma cholesterol levels in healthy men compared to high-fat diets with similar fatty acid composition at constant caloric intake.  Lipids.  30:969-976

Mistake #5

Ramsden, C. (2013, February) Study raises questions about dietary fats and heart disease guidance. British Medical Journal. Retrieved from < http://www.bmj.com/press-releases/2013/02/04/study-raises-questions-about-dietary-fats-and-heart-disease-guidance>

 

Dreon, D. M., et al., Reduced LDL particle size in children consuming a very-low-fat diet is related to parental LDL-subclass patterns. Am J Clin Nutr June 71(6):1611-1616.

 

Dreon, D. M., et al., 1999. A very low-fat diet is not associated with improved lipoprotein profiles in men with a predominance of large, low-density lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 69(3):411-8.

 

Brinton, E. A., et al., 1990. A low-fat diet decreases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by decreasing HDL apolipoprotein transport rates. J Clin Invest. 85(1):144–151.

 

Asztalos, B., et al., Differential response to low-fat diet between low and normal HDL-cholesterol subjects. The Journal of Lipid Research 41:321-328.

 

Katan, M. B. 1998. Effect of low-fat diets on plasma high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 67(3 Suppl):573S-576S.

 

M G Marmot. 1985. Interpretation of Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. Acta Med Scand 701: 58.

 

Willett, W. C., et al. 1993.  Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 341: 581.

 

Aiello LC, Wheeler P. 1995. The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Current Anthropology 36(2): 199–221.

 

Nenseter MS, Drevon CA. 1996. Dietary polyunsaturates and peroxidation of low density lipoprotein. Curr Opin Lipidol. 7(1):8-13.

Jenkinson, A., et al., 1999. Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ind
ices of oxidative stress in human volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(7):523-528.

 

Harman D. 2009. Origin and evolution of the free radical theory of aging: a brief personal history, 1954–2009. Biogerontology. 10(6) 773-81.

 

Clancy D, Birdsall J. Flies, worms and the Free Radical Theory of ageing. Ageing Research Reviews

 

Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P. 2012. Mechanisms of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radical Research. 46(4) 382-419.

 

Draper HH, McGirr LG, Hadley M. 1986. The metabolism of malondialdehyde. Lipids 21: 305–307.

 

Halliwell B, Chirico S. 1993. Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, significance. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 715S–725S.

 

Calder, P. C. 2006. n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 83(6):S1505-1519S

 

Simopoulos, A.P. 2002. "The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 56 (8): 365–79.

 

Holub, B. J., et al., 2009. Correlation of omega-3 levels in serum phospholipid from 2053 human blood samples with key fatty acid ratios. Nutrition Journal  8:58.

 

Ramsden, C. E., et al., 2010. n-6 fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 104(11):1586-600.

 

Christakis, M. D., et al., 1966. Effect of the Anti-Coronary Club Program on Coronary Heart Disease Risk-Factor Status. JAMA. 198(6):597-604.

 

Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al., 2000. “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Food Chain in the United States,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 1: S179-S188;

 

Sonestedt, Emily; Ericson, Ulrika; Gullberg, Bo; Skog, Kerstin; Olsson, Håkan; Wirfält, Elisabet 2008. "Do Both Heterocyclic Amines and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Contribute to the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort?". International Journal of Cancer (John Wiley & Sons) 123 (7): 1637–1643.

 

Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. 2008. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 9(1):46-56

 

Lenoard BE. 2007. Inflammation, depression, and dementia: are they connected? Neurochem Res. 2007 Oct;32(10):1749-56.

 

M. A. French, K. Sundram, and M.T. Clandinin. 2002.  “Cholesterolaemic Effect of Palmitic Acid in Relation to Other Dietary Fatty Acids,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11 (7): S401-S407.

 

Ascherio, A., Willet, W. C. Health effects of trans fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 66(4): 1006S-1010S.

 

Mensink, R. P., Katan, M. B. 1990. Effect of Dietary trans Fatty Acids on High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Subjects. N Engl J Med 323:439-445.

 

Lopez-Garcia, E., et al., 2005. Consumption of Trans Fatty Acids Is Related to Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. J. Nutr. 135(3):562-566

 

Lichtenstein, A. H. 1997. Trans Fatty Acids, Plasma Lipid Levels, and Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation 95:2588-2590

 

Gillman MW, et al. 1997. Margarine intake and subsequent coronary heart disease in men. Epidemiology

 

Mary G. Enig, (2000) Know Your Fats: The Complete Primer for Understanding the Nutrition of Fats, Oils, and Cholesterol. Brookhaven, PA: Bethesda Press.

 

Walter C. Willet and Alberto Ascherio, 1994. “Commentary: Trans-Fatty Acids: Are the Effects Only Marginal?” American Journal of Public Health 84:722-724

 

Alberto Ascherio and Walter C. Willet. 1997. “Health Effects of Trans Fatty Acids,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, suppl. 4:1006S-1010S.

 

B.V. Mann. 1994. “Metabolic Consequences of Dietary Trans-Fatty Acids,” Lancet 343:1268-1271.

 

J. Salmeron, et al., 2001. Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73, no. 6:1019-1026

 

Micha, R., Mozaffarian, D. 2008. Trans Fatty Acids: Effect on Cardiometabolic Health and Implications for Policy. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 79(3-5), 147-152.

 

Ruano, c., et al. 2011. Dietary Fat intake and Quality of Life: The Sun Project. Nutrition Journal. 10, 121.

 

Golomb, B., Evans, M., et al. Trans-Fat Consumption and Aggression. PLoS One. 201. 7(3), 32175.

 

.A Wolk, et al. 1998. A Prospective Study of Association of Monounsaturated Fat and Other Types of Fat With Risk of Breast Cancer. Arch Intern Med .158: 41-45

 

M. Balter. 1991. Europe: as many cancers as cuisines. Science 254: 114

 

H. K. Koh. Cutaneous melanoma. N Eng J Med 1991; 325: 171.

 

R Kearney. 1987. Promotion and prevention of tumour growth -effects of endotoxin, inflammation and dietary lipids. Int Clin Nutr Rev 7: 157.

 

Ip, C., Scimeca, J. A., Thompson H. 1995. Effect of timing and duration of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on mammary cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 24: 241.

Mistake #6

Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies, “Dietary Reference Intakes, Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids.” Washington, DC: National Academies Press (2002), pg. 275.

 

Harper AE. 1999. Defining the essentiality of nutrients. In: Shils MD, Olson JA, Shihe M, Ross AC, eds. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th ed. Boston: William and Wilkins, 3–10.

 

Manninen, A. H. 2004. “Metabolic Effects of the Very-Low Carbohydrate Diets: Misunderstood ‘Villains’ of Human Metabolism,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 1, no.2:7-11.

Other books

It's All Relative by S.C. Stephens
Miscarriage Of Justice by Bruce A Borders
Corsair by Tim Severin
Rebellious Bride by Lizbeth Dusseau
Dark And Dangerous by Sommer, Faye
If the Dress Fits by Daisy James
World of Echos by Kelly, Kate