Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (47 page)

16
  

CPR, 1266–72
, p. 130.

17
  

Ibid., pp. 140–1.

18
  

Powicke,
King Henry III and the Lord Edward
, ii, p. 536.

19
  

CPR, 1266–72
, pp. 216–17;
CR, 1264–8
, pp. 386–8. See also
Royal Letters
, ii, pp. 314–16 no. DCLIX.

20
  

F. M. Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort (1265–71)’, in idem,
Ways of Medieval Life and Thought
. London: Odhams Press, pp. 69–88, at p. 79.

21
  

CPR, 1266–72
, pp. 140–1.

22
  

For Eleanor of Provence’s return to England in 1265 after Countess Eleanor’s departure, see ‘Chronicon Thomae Wykes’, p. 179;
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes
, p. 230.

23
  

Chronica . . . Willelmi Rishanger
, p. 87. On Montargis, see Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 102; Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
(2nd edn), pp. 258–9.

24
  

See pp. 83–4.

25
  

These constitutions were all drawn up under the guiding hand of Master Humbert of Romans, who had been elected Master of the Order in 1254:
Early Dominicans: Selected Writings
, ed. S. Tugwell (1982). Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, p. 32. The constitutions are printed in: ‘Consuetudines sororum monasterii beati Dominici de Monte-Agri’, in R. Creytens (ed., 1947), ‘Les constitutions primitives des soeurs Dominicaines de Montargis’,
Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum
, 17, 41–84 at 67–83; ‘Liber constitutionum sororum ordinis praedicatorum’ (1897), in
Analecta sacri ordinis fratrum predicatorum
, 3, 337–48.

26
  

P. Lee (2001),
Nunneries, Learning and Spirituality in Late Medieval English Society: The Dominican Priory of Dartford
. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, p. 149; L. P. Hindsley O.P. (1997), ‘Monastic Conversion: The Case of Margaret Ebner’, in J. Muldoon (ed.),
Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages
. Gainesville, Fla: University Press of Florida, pp. 31–46, at p. 34.

27
  

Hindsley, ‘Monastic Conversion’, pp. 32–3.

28
  

Lee,
Nunneries, Learning and Spirituality
, pp. 153–4.

29
  

BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 29v; Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
(2nd edn), p. 41 n. 2.

30
  

Hindsley, ‘Monastic Conversion’, p. 33–4.

31
  

Cited in ibid., p. 34.

32
  

J. A. Smith (2010), ‘ “Clausura districta”: Conceiving Space and Community for Dominican Nuns in the Thirteenth Century’,
Parergon
, 27(2), 13–36, at 30–1.

33
  

Aresta O. SS. ann. 1269 in 1 Reg. Parlam. Fo. 60, available online at
http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/APANARE
, accessed on 25 August 2010. See also BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 29; Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 264. See also BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 31 for a document relating to an agreement Eleanor reached with her half-brother, Guy de Lusignan, dated June 1268.

34
  

For a letter sent early in 1267 by the Pope to Louis IX, which touched on the countess’s business, see ‘Regesta 34: 1265–1267’, in
Calendar of Papal Registers, Volume 1: 1198–1304
, pp. 437–9, available online at
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=96029
, accessed on 25 August 2010.

35
  

‘Regesta 30: 1265–1268’, in
Calendar of Papal Registers, Volume 1: 1198–1304
, pp. 419–22, available online at
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=96025
, accessed on 25 August 2010; Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 267.

36
  

‘Regesta 32: 1265–1268’, in
Calendar of Papal Registers, Volume 1: 1198–1304
, pp. 425–35, available online at
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=96027
, accessed on 25 August 2010.

37
  

Ibid.

38
  

Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 369–70 no. li (a document of 1286 relating to Eleanor’s will).

39
  

BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 25v.

40
  

M. R. G. Arancón (1980), ‘Ricardo de Montfort al servicio de Teobaldo II de Navarra (1266)’,
Principe de Viana
, 41, no. 160–1, 411–18, at 412, 415–16. This son’s entrée into Theobald’s service was smoothed perhaps by Eleanor’s decision, in collaboration with Simon junior, to relinquish their rights to the county of Bigorre in October 1265. The letters that recorded this deal are, though, problematic. The letter from Eleanor is dated October 1265 (the month of her flight from England), as is that from Simon junior: L. Merlet (1857), ‘Procès pour la possession du comté de Bigorre, 1254-1503’,
Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartres
, series 4, t. 3, 305–24, at 317–18 nos viii–ix; Arancón, ‘Ricardo de Montfort’, 412.

41
  

Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, pp. 76–7, 79.

42
  

Ibid., p. 80. For Guy’s career in Italy, see also ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 259.

43
  

Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, p. 79.

44
  

Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 269; J. R. Maddicott (2004), ‘Montfort, Amaury de, Styled Eleventh Earl of Leicester (1242/3–c
.
1300)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19045
, accessed on 26 August 2010.

45
  

Flores historiarum
, iii, pp. 21–2;
Foedera
, i, pt ii, pp. 501–2 (bull of excommunication for Guy, 1273); Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, pp. 82–5; Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 268–9.

46
  

Blaauw and Pearson,
The Barons’ War
, pp. 342–7; Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, p. 88; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 370–1.

47
  

But on Bigorre, see note 18 on p. 170. On Henry’s dealings with the Montfortians, see N. Vincent (2004), ‘Henry of Almain (1235–1271)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12958
, accessed on 26 May 2011; Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, pp. 82–5; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 244–6, 370–1.

48
  

BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, ff. 29v–30; Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 365–7 no. xlviii.

49
  

Flores historiarum
, iii, p. 22.

50
  

By 1281 Guy had returned to liberty in Charles’s service. For his subsequent life and history, see Powicke, ‘Guy de Montfort’, pp. 86–7; J. R. Maddicott (2004), ‘Montfort, Guy de (c
.
1244–1291/2)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19047
, accessed on 26 August 2010.

51
  

Printed in Green,
Lives
, ii, appendix, p. 456 no. viii.

52
  

CPR, 1272–81
, p. 59.

53
  

CPR, 1266–72
, p. 549.

54
  

‘Eyhorne Hundred’, in
Kent Hundred Rolls Project
, ed. B. Jones (2006). Kent Archaeological Society, available online at
http://www.kentarchaeology.ac/khrp/hrproject.pdf
, accessed on 26 May 2011.

55
  

‘Codsheath Hundred’ and ‘Hundred of Bircholt with the Barony’, in
Kent Hundred Rolls Project
, available online at
http://www.kentarchaeology.ac/khrp/hrproject.pdf
, accessed on 26 May 2011.

56
  

Green,
Lives
, ii, appendix, pp. 456–7 no. ix.

57
  

CClR, 1272–9
, p. 35; Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 270.

58
  

Significantly, a few days earlier, Edward instructed Bartholomew le Juvene to answer to Countess Eleanor for the issues and corn from her manors of Luton and Weston, once the debts that the countess owed to Edward for settling with her creditors overseas had been discharged:
CClR, 1272–9
, p. 35. The Dunstable annalist noted that Eleanor’s lands were restored to her one year before her death: ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 259. See also Figure 3. TNA, PRO: C 47/9/20, mm. 3–5 details the partition of Eleanor’s Marshal properties between the Marshal co-heirs. For Eleanor’s dower, see also
CClR, 1272–9
, p. 181;
CFR, 1272–1307
, pp. 44, 58; ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 265; TNA: PRO C 133/10/16 (1–3).