Fairy Tale Queens: Representations of Early Modern Queenship (37 page)

47. Levin,
The Heart and Stomach of a King
, 72.

48. Agnes Strickland, 
Lives of the Queens of England,
 vol. 8 (Philadelphia, PA: G. Barrie & Son, 1902), 128. The letter was found in Lord Burghley’s papers, but it is not known if Elizabeth ever read it.

49. 
Calendar State Papers Spain,
 October 14, 1564. Item 271.

50. Levin, 74.

51. Cited in Montrose, 204.

52. See also Hannah Betts, “‘The Image of this Queene so quaynt’: The Pornographic Blazon 1588–1603,” 153–184 and Marcy North, “
Queen
Elizabeth Compiled:
 Henry Stanford’s Private Anthology and the Question of Accountability,” in 
Dissing Elizabeth,
 185–208 
.

53. Levin,
The Heart and Stomach of A King
, 85.

54. Montrose, 185.

55. There are numerous books on Mary Stuart, but among the most useful are Jayne Elizabeth Lewis, 
Mary, Queen of Scots: Romance and
Nation
 (New York: Routledge, 1998); Kristen Post Walton, 
Catholic
 
Queen, Protestant Patriarchy: Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Politics of
Gender and Religion
 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); Jenny Wormald, 
Mary, Queen of Scots: Pride, Passion, and a Kingdom Lost
(London: Tauris Parke, 2001). Antonia Fraser’s biography, somewhat dated and romanticized, is still helpful. 
Mary, Scots
 (New York: Delacorte Press, 1969).

56. Cited in Wormald, 147.

57. 
CSP,
 vol. 7, March 30, 1565. Item 1072; March 31, 1565. Item 1073.

58. 
CSP Scotland,
 June 20, 1567. Item 1324.

59. Tytler,
History of Scotland,
 vol. 7, 109.

60. Cited in Montrose, 195.

61. Fraser, 465.

62. 
CSP
 
Spain,
 September 19, 1585. Item 408.

63. Retha Warnicke argues “that they did not have sexual intercourse and that she never planned to pass off Culpepper’s child as the king’s seems clear from their confessions.” Warnicke provides an overview of the position taken by various biographers and academics on Katherine’s relations with Culpepper. 
Wicked Women of Tudor England,
 75.

64. 
L & P,
 vol. 16, December 3, 1541. Item 1409.

65. 
L & P,
 vol.16, November 1, 1540. Item 223.

66. Stone, 36.

67. 
CSP Spain,
 vol. 6, pt. 1, January 29, 1542. Item 223.

68. 
CSP Spain,
 vol. 6, pt. 1, February 9, 1542. Item 230.

69. 
CSP Spain,
 vol. 6, pt. 1, February 25, 1542. Item 232.

70. Ibid.

71. Machiavelli,
Discourses on Livy,
 trans. Harvey Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 111.

72. Julia Hairston, “Skirting the Issue: Machiavelli’s Caterina Sforza,”
Renaissance Quarterly
 53, no. 3 (2000), 686–712. In her biography of Sforza, Elizabeth Lev also examines this incident: “Caterina was roundly condemned by most of Renaissance society, even by the notoriously immoral Machiavellis, for gambling with the lives of her children. She never deigned to reveal the reasoning that informed her actions on that day, but by calling the Orsis’ bluff, Caterina succeeded in saving her children. Furthermore, her lifetime of concern and sacrifice for all her offspring is mute testimony to the fact that she was a loving mother whose best option in this instance was to outfox her enemies.” 
The Tigress of Forlì: Renaissance Italy’s Most Courageous
and Notorious Countess
 (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2011),134.

73. Knecht, R. J., 
Catherine de’ Medici
 (New York: Longman, 1998), 235. For an overview of the literary and political construction of Catherine as “wicked queen,” see Elaine Kruse, “The Woman in Black: The Image of Catherine de Medici from Marlowe to 
Queen Margot
,” in “
High and Mighty Queens
,” 223–37.

74. Crawford, “Love, Sodomy, and Scandal,” 522.

75. Frieda, 270.

76. Shakespeare’s 
“Love’s Labour’s Lost”
 is partly based on the court Marguerite and Henri established at Navarre.

77. Éliane Viennot,
Marguerite de Valois: “La Reine Margot”
 (Paris: Editions Perrin, 2005); Cathleen M. Bauschatz, “‘Plaisir et proffict’ in the Reading and Writing of Marguerite de Valois,” 
Tulsa Studies in
Women’s Literature
 7, no.1 (Spring 1988), 27–48; Patricia Cholakian, “Marguerite de Valois and the Problematics of Self-Representation,” in 
Renaissance Women Writers, French Texts/American Contexts,
 eds. Anne Larsen and Colette Winn (Detroit,MI: Wayne State University Press, 1994), 67–81.

78. Moshe Sluhovsky examines the sensationalizing of Marguerite’s image from the condemnation of contemporary chroniclers to the “immense success of Dumas’ novel” from the nineteenth century to the present in “History as Voyeurism: From Marguerite de Valois to La Reine Margot,” 
Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and
Practice
 4,no. 2 (2001), 193–210.

79. Sluhovsky, 196.

80. Cholakian, 70.

81. Frieda, 387.

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