For Lust of Knowing (60 page)

65
. Austin Flannery (ed.),
The Basic Sixteen Documents. Vatican Council II. Constitutions, Decrees, Declarations
(New York, 1996), pp. 570–71.

66
. Edward W. Said, ‘Islam, Philology and French Culture', in Said,
The World, the Text and the Critic
(London, 1984), p. 285.

67
. On Bartold, see
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(a translation of the third edition), 32 vols (New York and London, 1973–83), vol. 3, pp. 39–40; I.M. Smilyanskaya,
History and Economy of the Arab Countries
(Moscow, 1986), pp. 8–9; E. A. Belyaev,
Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate in the Early Middle Ages
(New York, 1969),
passim
; Kalpana Sahni,
Crucifying the Orient: Russian Orientalism and the Colonization of the Caucasus and Central Asia
(Bangkok, 1977), pp. 233–4.

68
. Bernard Lewis, ‘The Mongols, the Turks and the Muslim Polity' in Lewis,
Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East
, 2nd edn (Chicago and La Salle, Illinois, 1993), pp. 190–91.

69
. I. Y. Kratchkovsky, translated by Minorsky as
Among Arabic Manuscripts: Memories of Libraries and Men
. He also gave an account of some of his teachers in I. J. Kratschkowski [
sic
],
Die Russische Arabistik: Umrisse ihrer Entwicklung
(Leipzig, 1957). On him, see also Belyaev,
Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate
,
passim
.

70
. Kratchkovsky,
Among Arabic Manuscripts
, p. 123.

71
. Ibid., p. 185.

72
. I. Y. Kratchkovsky,
Istoria Arabskoi Geograficheskoi Literatury
(Moscow and Leningrad, 1957), translated into Arabic by Salah al-Din Uthman Hashim as
Tarikh al-Adab al-jughrafi al-‘Arabi
(Cairo, 1965).

73
. On Russian oppression of Muslims and on Soviet Orientalism in general, see ‘Arabic Studies',
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
, vol. 2, pp. 221–2; N. A. Smirnov,
Islam and Russia: A Detailed Analysis of an Outline of the History of Islamic Studies in the USSR
, with an introduction by Ann K. S. Lambton (Oxford, 1956); R. N. Frye, ‘Soviet Historiography on the Islamic Orient', in Lewis and Holt (eds),
Historians of the Middle East
, pp. 367–74; G. E. Wheeler, ‘Soviet Writing on Persia from 1906 to 1946', in Lewis and Holt (eds),
Historians of the Middle East
, pp. 375–87; Wayne S. Vucinich (ed.),
Russia and Asia: essays on the Influence of Russia on the Asian peoples
(Stanford, Calif., 1972),
passim
; Sahni,
Crucifying the Orient, passim
.

74
. Belyaev,
Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate
,
passim
.

75
. Ibid., p. 86; Ibn Warraq,
The
Quest for the Historical Muhammad
(New York, 2000), p. 49; Smirnov,
Islam and Russia
, pp. 43, 48; Dimitri Mikoulski, ‘The Study of Islam in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: An Overview', in Azim Nanji (ed.),
Mapping Islamic Studies: Genealogy, Continuity and Change
(Berlin, 1997), p. 102.

76
. Belyaev,
Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate
, p. 86; Ibn Warraq,
The Quest for the Historical Muhammad
, p. 49; Smirnov,
Islam and Russia
, p. 48.

77
. On the Nazi obsession with India, Tibet and Central Asia, see Sven Hedin,
German Diary
(Dublin, 1951); Karl Meyer and Shareen Brysac,
Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Asia
(London, 2001), pp. 509–28; J. J. Clarke,
Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asia and Western Thought
(London, 1997), p. 196; Christopher Hale,
Himmler's Crusade: The True Story of the 1938 Nazi Expedition into Tibet
(London, 2003).

78
. Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, anon. translator and abridgement (London, 1933), pp. 258–9.

79
. Haarmann, ‘L'Orientalisme allemand', p. 71.

80
. On the life and works of Brockelmann, see Carl Brockelmann, ‘Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerung von Carl Brockelmann, als Manuskript herausgeben von H. H. Biesterfeld',
Oriens
, 27–8 (1986), pp. 1–101; Van Ess, ‘The Emergence of
Kulturgeschichte
', pp. 28–9.

81
. On the life and works of Schaeder, see O. Pritsak, ‘Hans Heinrich Schaeder',
Zeitschrift der DeutschenMorgenländischenGesellschaft
, 33 (1958), pp. 24–5; Martin Kramer, ‘Introduction' to Kramer (ed.),
The Jewish Discovery of Islam
, pp. 20–21; Annemarie Schimmel,
Morgenland und Abendland: mein west–östliches Leben
(Munich, 2002), pp. 46–50; Johansen, ‘Politics and Scholarship', pp. 84–6, 88–9.

82
. Schimmel,
Morgenland und Abendland
, p. 47.

1
. On SOAS in wartime, see Cyril Philips,
The School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1917–1967
(London, 1967), pp. 33–9; Lesley McLoughlin,
In a Sea of Knowledge: British Arabists in the Twentieth Century
(Reading, 2002), pp. 99–101, 105–6. On the history of MECAS, see Lesley McLoughlin,
A Nest of Spies
…? (London, 1994); McLoughlin,
In a Sea of Knowledge
, pp. 120–22, 134–44, 151–63, 212–15, 242–9; James Craig,
Shemlan: A History of the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies
(Basingstoke, 1998).

2
. A. J. Arberry,
Oriental Essays: Portraits of Seven Scholars
(London, 1960), p. 241. On the Scarborough Report, see Philips,
The School of Oriental and African Studies
, pp. 38–51; McLoughlin,
In a Sea of Knowledge
, pp. 128–9.

3
. Craig,
Shemlan
, pp. 52, 82–3.

4
. Stephan Conermann reviewing N. Mahmud Mustafa,
Al-‘Asr al-Mamluki
in
Mamluk Studies Review
, 4 (2000), p. 259.

5
. Albert Hourani, ‘Patterns of the Past', in Thomas Naff (ed.),
Paths to the Middle East: Ten Scholars Look Back
(New York, 1993), p. 54.

6
. On SOAS after the war, see Philips,
The School of Oriental and African Studies
, pp. 43–8. On MECAS, see note 1above.

7
. On the life and works of Hamilton Gibb, see Albert Hourani, ‘H. A. R. Gibb: The Vocation of an Orientalist' in Hourani,
Europe and the Middle East
(London, 1980), pp. 104–34; Muhsin Mahdi, ‘Orientalism and the Study of Islamic Philosophy',
Journal of Islamic Studies
, 1 (1990), pp. 84–90; William R. Polk, ‘Islam and the West, I. Sir Hamilton Gibb between Orientalism and History',
International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
, 6 (1975), pp. 131–9; Robert Irwin, ‘Saladin and the Third Crusade: A Case Study in Historiography and the Historical Novel', in Michael Bentley (ed.),
Companion to Historiography
(London, 1997), pp. 144–5; McLoughlin,
In a Sea of Knowledge
, pp. 99–101; Zachary Lockman,
Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism
(Cambridge, 2004), pp. 105–10;
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
[
ODNB
], edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford, 2004), s.v. Gibb is attacked in Said's
Orientalism
,
passim
. There is also a denunciation of Gibb's work from a hardline Muslim point of view: Ziya-ul-Hasan al-Faruqi, ‘Sir Hamilton Alexander Roskeen Gibb', in Asaf Hussain, Robert Olson and Jamil Qureishi (eds),
Orientalism, Islam and Islamists
(Vermont, 1984), pp. 177–89.

8
. Obituary of Gibb by Anne Lambton,
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
, 35 (1972), p. 341.

9
. Arberry, ‘The Disciple' in
Oriental Essays
, p. 234. On the life and works of Arberry more generally, see ‘The Disciple', which is an autobiographical essay. See also Susan Skilliter's obituary in
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
, 33 (1970), pp. 364–7;
ODNB
, s.v.

10
. Obituary of Arberry by G. M. Wickens,
Proceedings of the British Academy
, 58 (1972), pp. 355–66.

11
. On American Orientalism in the second half of the twentieth century, see Martin Kramer,
Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America
(Washington, 2001), and Lockman,
Contending Visions
, present strongly contrasting perspectives.

12
. On Gustave von Grunebaum, see Brian S. Turner, ‘Gustave E. von Grunebaum and the Mimesis of Islam', in Asaf et al. (eds),
Orientalism, Islam and Islamists
, pp. 193–201; Muhsin Mahdi, ‘Orientalism and the Study of Islamic Philosophy', pp. 83–4; Amin Banami, ‘Islam and the West. G. E. von Grunebaum: Towards Relating Islamic Studies to Universal Cultural History',
International Journal for Middle Eastern History
, 6 (1975), pp. 140–47.

13
. On Richard Ettinghausen, see Robert Hillenbrand, ‘Richard Ettinghausen and the Iconography of Islamic Art', in Stephen Vernoit (ed.),
Discovering Islamic Art: Scholars, Collectors and Collections
(London, 2000), pp. 171–81.

14
. On Oleg Grabar, see
Muqarnas
, 10 (1993)[=
Essays in Honor of Oleg
Grabar
], pp. vii–xiii. Sheila S. Blair and Jonathan M. Bloom, ‘The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field',
Art Bulletin
, 85 (March 2003), pp. 172–3.

15
. On S. D. Goitein, see R. Stephen Humphreys,
Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry
(London, 1991), pp. 262–3, 268–73; Martin Kramer, ‘Introduction' in Kramer (ed.),
The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis
(Tel Aviv, 1999), pp. 30–32; Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, ‘The Transplantation of Islamic Studies from Europe to the Yishuv and Israel', in Kramer (ed.),
The Jewish Discovery of Islam
, pp. 254–6.

16
. Rosenthal's most important works include
Das Fortleben der Antike in Islam
(Zurich, 1965);
A History of Muslim Historiography
, 2nd edn (Leiden, 1968);
The Herb: Hashish Versus Medieval Muslim Society
(Leiden, 1971), and above all his annotated translation of Ibn Khaldun,
The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History
, 3 vols, 2nd edn (London, 1967).

17
. Quoted in Robert Hillenbrand, ‘Richard Ettinghausen', p. 175.

18
. On Schacht, see Bernard Lewis's obituary of him in
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
, 33 (1970), pp. 378–81; Humphreys,
Islamic History
, esp. pp. 212–18; Ibn Warraq,
The Quest for the Historical Muhammad
(New York, 2000), pp. 49–51.

19
. Patricia Crone,
Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate
(Cambridge, 1987), p. 7.

20
. Edmund Burke III, ‘Introduction' and ‘Islamic History as World History', in Marshall G. S. Hodgson,
Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam and World History
(Cambridge, 1993), pp. ix–xxi and 301–28.

21
. Saul Bellow,
To Jerusalem and Back
(Harmondsworth, 1976), p. 118.

22
. Albert Hourani, ‘Marshall Hodgson and the Venture of Islam',
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
, 37 (1978), pp. 53–62. Hourani gave two lengthy interviews on his career and writings in Naff (ed.),
Paths to the Middle East
, pp. 27–56and in Nancy Elizabeth Gallagher (ed.),
Approaches to the History of the Middle East: Interviews with Leading Middle East Historians
(Reading, 1994), pp. 19–45. There is also an intellectual biography, Abdulaziz A. Sudairi,
A Vision of the Middle East: An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani
(London, 1999). See further reviews of this book by Malcolm Yapp in the
Times Literary Supplement
, 11 March 2000, and by Robert Irwin in the
London Review of Books
, 25January 2001, pp. 30–31. See also Donald M. Reid, ‘
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age
Twenty Years After',
International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
, 14 (1982), pp. 541–57; Malcolm Yapp, ‘Two Great British Historians of the Modern Middle East',
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
, 58 (1995), pp. 41–5.

23
. Hourani in Gallagher (ed.),
Approaches to the History of the Middle East
, p. 42.

24
. Hourani in Naff (ed.),
Paths to the Middle East
, p. 38.

25
. Hourani reviewed Said's
Orientalism
in the
New York Review of Books
, 8 March 1979, pp. 27–30.

26
. On the life and works of Claude Cahen, see
Arabica
, 43 (1996) (which is devoted to the works of Cahen); Raoul Curiel and Rike Gyselen,
Itinéraires d'Orient: Hommages à Claude Cahen
(Bares-sur-Yvette, 1994), as well as Ira Lapidus's review of this book in
Journal of the Social and Economic History of the Orient
, 39 (1996), pp. 189–90; Thierry Bianquis, ‘Claude Cahen, historien d'Orient médiévale, analyse et perspective',
Journal Asiatique
, 281 (1993), pp. 1–18.

27
. Rodinson produced an interview-based autobiography in
Entre Islam et Occident: Entretiens avec Gérard D. Khoury
(Paris, 1998). He was also interviewed in Gallagher (ed.),
Approaches to the History of the Middle East
, pp. 109–27. See Adam Schatz, ‘The Interpreters of Maladies',
The Nation
, 13December 2004, pp. 55–9.