For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb, and the Murder That Shocked Jazz Age Chicago (62 page)

11.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Scribner, 1932), 41.

12.
Paul Avrich,
The Haymarket Tragedy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 197–214.

13.
Ibid., 279, 375–378, 391–394.

14.
Ibid., 416–417, 419–421.

15.
S. J. Duncan-Clark, “Clarence Darrow Opens His Fight against the Death Penalty,”
Success
8 (December 1924): 28–31, 123.

16.
“To Cheat the Rope,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 22 March 1894.

17.
“Prendergast Shows No Emotion,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 22 March 1894.

18.
“Last Effort to Save His Life,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 March 1894; “Not to Hang Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 March 1894.

19.
“Scene in the Court,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 March 1894.

20.
Darrow,
Story of My Life
, 361.

21.
Ibid., 41, 96; John P. Altgeld,
Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims
, 2nd ed. (New York: A. C. McClurg, 1886), 21.

22.
Ray Ginger,
The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1949), 92–93, 101–107; Nick Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), 114–125.

23.
Ginger,
Bending Cross
, 108–147; Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs
, 126–135.

24.
Ginger,
Bending Cross
, 164–167; Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs
, 137–138.

25.
Irving Stone,
Clarence Darrow for the Defense: A Biography
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1941), 103–112.

26.
J. Anthony Lukas,
Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 50–54, 108–109.

27.
Ibid., 70–72, 197–200, 255–262.

28.
Ibid., 707–711, 722–725.

29.
Geoffrey Cowan,
The People v. Clarence Darrow: The Bribery Trial of America’s Greatest Lawyer
(New York: Random House, 1993), 86–90, 101–109, 119–123, 137–138.

30.
Ibid., 246–255.

31.
Ibid., 279–283, 291–293, 429–433.

32.
Kevin Tierney,
Darrow: A Biography
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1979), 281, 291, 306–310.

33.
“Clarence Darrow to the Prisoners at Joliet,”
Everyman
11 (November 1915): 14–15.

34.
“Finger Prints Move Slayer to Confess,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 18 May 1915.

35.
“Coroner Holds Pethrick [
sic
] after New Confession,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 May 1915.

36.
Ibid.; “Will Try to Hang Pethrick [
sic
],”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 May 1915.

37.
“Women Doctors Find Pethick’s Mental Age 7,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 9 September 1915.

38.
Ibid.

39.
“Woman Lawyer to Defend Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 August 1915; “Three Medics to Examine Slayer,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1915.

40.
“Finds Pethick’s Mind below Par,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 September 1915; “State Demands Sentence of Death for Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 September 1915; “Women See Lesson of Protection in Case of Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 September 1915.

41.
Robert M. Lee, “Half Wit Boy Admits Killing Rich Widow,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 April 1916; “Death Verdict for Hettinger; ‘I’ll Not Hang,’”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 30 September 1916.

42.
“Hettinger Boy Declines Pam’s Offer of Life,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 November 1916.

43.
“Hettinger Will Plead Guilty to Avoid Death,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 November 1916; “Mother’s Wish Moves Youth to Admit Murder,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 26 November 1916.

44.
In Illinois, the jury decides both the verdict and the sentence in capital cases.

45.
“Taunted Wife Shoots Husband in Courtroom,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 26 April 1919.

46.
Ibid.

47.
Maude Martin Evers, “Simpson Widow Quails before Pointing Hands,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 September 1919.

48.
“Cussin’ Cards Cited to Help Mrs. Simpson,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 21 September 1919; “Mrs. Simpson Insane 2 Years, Says Witness,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 September 1919.

49.
Maude Martin Evers, “Experts Differ on Insanity of Mrs. Simpson,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1919.

50.
Maude Martin Evers, “Mrs. Simpson to Learn Fate by Noon Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 September 1919.

51.
Maude Martin Evers, “Mrs. Simpson Found Insane; Faces Asylum,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 26 September 1919; “Mrs. Simpson Goes to Begin Asylum Sentence,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 October 1919; “Woman Slayer of Husband Found Guilty,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 July 1921.

52.
Darrow,
Story of My Life
, 250, 428; Abe C. Ravitz,
Clarence Darrow and the American Literary Tradition
(Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1962), 6–12; John C. Livingston,
Clarence Darrow: The Mind of a Sentimental Rebel
(New York: Garland, 1988), 96–99.

53.
Clarence Darrow,
Crime: Its Cause and Treatment
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1922), v.

54.
Ibid., 31–32.

55.
Ibid., 32–33.

56.
Livingston,
Clarence Darrow
, xxix, 99–106.

57.
Darrow,
Crime
, 34–35.

58.
Percy F. Bicknell,
The Human Side of Fabre
(New York: Century, 1923); Augustin Fabre,
The Life of Jean Henri Fabre
, trans. Bernard Miall (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1923).

59.
Clarence S. Darrow,
Insects and Men: Instinct and Reason
(Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, 1921)

60.
Darrow,
Crime
, 46, 50.

61.
Ibid., 36.

CHAPTER 9: ROBERT CROWE

1.
“Is Death Penalty Crime Curb? Crowe and Gemmill Debate It,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 19 February 1928.

2.
“If You See This Girl Telephone ‘The Tribune,’”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 27 July 1919; “‘Sure Janet’s in Heaven,’ Mother, Told News, Sobs,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919; “New Evidence Tightens Net on Fitzgerald,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 27 July 1919.

3.
“Girl Vanishes; Kidnaping Feared,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 23 July 1919; “40 Hour Hunt Fails to Bare Clew to Child,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 July 1919.

4.
“Fitzgerald Is Kidnaper, Wife Says,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 25 July 1919; “Arrest Wife of Fitzgerald in Lost Girl Case,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 July 1919.

5.
“Full Confession by Slayer of Janet,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919.

6.
“Janet’s Slayer Must Hang, Say Prosecutors,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 28 July 1919.

7.
“Quick Trial of Janet’s Slayer Blocked by Law,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 July 1919; Editorial, “The Murder of Janet Wilkinson,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 July 1919.

8.
“Janet Buried; Playmates Are Pall-Bearers,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 29 July 1919; “Slayer Laments—The Riots as Janet Is Buried,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 30 July 1919.

9.
“‘Time Clock’ of Scientific Grilling Which Brings Confession,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919; “Fitzgerald in Daze as Murder Story Is Told,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 September 1919.

10.
“Fitzgerald in Daze.”

11.
“Judge Decrees Gallows Death for Fitzgerald,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1919.

12.
Oscar E. Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe? Both Are Young and Ambitious,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 17 September 1920.

13.
Ibid.

14.
Douglas Bukowski,
Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 26–27; Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan,
Big Bill of Chicago
(New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953), 113–114.

15.
“City Job for R. E. Crowe,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 June 1915.

16.
E. O. Phillips, “Thompson Slate Sweeps 34 Wards,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 14 April 1920.

17.
Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe?”

18.
“Man Slain, 3 Kidnaped, Police Slugged at Polls,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 15 September 1920; Joe D. Salkeld, “Count Votes; Worker Slain,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 15 September 1920.

19.
“Man Slain”; Salkeld, “Count Votes.”

20.
Editorial, “Mud and Money,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 16 September 1920.

21.
“Thompson Cleans Up City,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 16 September 1920; “Mayor’s Rule Unquestioned,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 16 September 1920; “Mayor’s County Ticket Makes a Clean Sweep,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 16 September 1920; “Party Leaders Face Big Task of Registration,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 4 October 1920.

22.
Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe?”; “Chicago’s Blanket Ballot: In ‘Real Life’ It Is about a Yard Square,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 27 October 1920.

23.
“Hoyne Raps Igoe, Igoe Raps Hoyne, in Democrat Row,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 October 1920.

24.
“Crowe to Rival: None Can Serve God and Mammon,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 17 October 1920.

25.
“Crowe Raps Igoe Backers; Igoe Bombards City Hall,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 October 1920.

26.
“Crowe Urges Moron Curb; Igoe Assails Judge Ruling,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 October 1920; “Crowe Calls Igoe ‘Servant of Profiteers,’”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 October 1920; “Crowe Gets Strong Allies; Igoe Hears Good Reports,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 October 1920; “Crowe Gets O.K. from Judges of Chicago Courts,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 31 October 1920; “Crowe Gets New Support; Igoe Hits at City’s Crime,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 October 1920.