From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (166 page)

Cable News Network (CNN),
918
,
925

Cabral, Donald Reid,
734
–35

Calhoun, John C.: and European interventionism,
155

and expansionism,
151
,
180
,
181
,
189

and the Mexican-American War,
203

and Native Americans,
172
,
217

and the Panama Congress,
162

and race issues,
161

and Texas,
195

and the War of 1812,
127

California: and Britain,
198

and the Compromise of 1850,
215

and European powers,
177

gold in,
205

and Japan,
355
–56

and the Mexican-American War,
194
,
199
,
200
,
204
,
206

and trade with East Asia,
189
,
209

and U.S. expansionism,
9
,
145
,
197

Calles, Plutarco,
474
,
475
–76,
476
–77

Calley, William,
770

Callières, François de,
13

Calvo Doctrine,
369
–70

Cambodia,
737
,
753

and China,
901

covert operations in,
814
,
882

and
Mayaguez
crisis,
823
–24

and Pol Pot,
846

and Vietnam,
740
,
768
–70,
776
,
882
,
899

Camp David,
697
–98,
782
,
840
–42,
857
,
871
,
872

Canada: and Alaska,
257

and the American Civil War,
225
,
229
,
248

and the American Revolution,
18
,
27
,
28

boundaries,
251
,
255

and the British North American Act,
254

diplomatic negotiations on,
32

and draft-dodgers,
741

and filibusters,
215

French negotiations on,
70

and immigration,
356

invasion of,
4

and Manifest Destiny,
184
–85,
192

and maritime conflicts,
120

and multinational corporations,
447

and Native Americans,
73
–74

and NATO,
625

and nuclear espionage,
607

and the post-Civil War era,
253
–54,
264

and the Seven Years' War,
14

trade with,
285
–86

and the Treaty of Washington,
255

and U.S. expansionism,
134
,
135
,
139
,
143
,
144
,
149
–51

and U.S. exports,
446

and U.S. isolationism,
811

and the War of 1812,
125
–26,
127
,
129
,
131

canals: isthmian canal plans,
217
–20,
243
,
256
–57,
259
,
262
,
265
,
291
–92,
304
,
326
,
364
,
367
–69,
388

Panama Canal,
256
,
337
–38,
367
–70,
386
,
387
,
391
,
471
–73,
500
,
733
–34,
836
–38,
885

and U.S. infrastructure,
137
,
163
,
236

Canning, George,
119
,
154
–57,
167

Canning, Stratford,
134
,
139

Cannon, Lou,
872
,
879

capitalism,
338
,
357
,
412
,
465

Cárdenas, Lázaro,
528

CARE,
655

Caribbean: and the American Civil War,
234

and the American Revolution,
20
,
26
–27

and the Cold War,
852
,
884
,
888

and conflicts with France,
87

and the Cuban Missile crisis,
721

and foreign lending,
449

and the Good Neighbor Policy,
556
,
559
–60

and isthmian canal plans,
369

and the Monroe Doctrine,
308

and naval bases,
294
–95,
305

and the Peace Progressives,
444

and revolutions,
386

and Roosevelt (F. D.),
497

and Roosevelt (T.),
337
,
377

and slave revolts,
62
–63

and the Spanish-American War,
309
–14,
314
–24,
315

and transatlantic trade,
74

U.S. intervention in,
387
,
884
–93

U.S. withdrawal from,
473

and U.S. expansionism,
176
,
251
,
256
,
259
–61

and Wilson,
386
.
See also specific countries

Carnegie, Andrew,
323
,
343
,
357

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
343
,
357
,
451

Caroline
(ship),
185
,
187

Carranza, Venustiano,
392
,
393
,
394
–95,
396
–97,
474
,
475

Carter, Billy,
851

Carter, Jimmy: and Afghanistan,
852
–57,
883

and arms reduction,
851
–52,
855
–56

background,
831

Carter Doctrine,
854
–55

and China,
839
–40,
901

and the Cold War,
834
,
856
,
860
,
866
–68

and Congress,
833

election,
829

and foreign policy environment,
829
–36

and foreign policy setbacks,
857
–60,
863

and human rights,
845
–46

and Latin America,
846
–47,
929

and Libya,
876

and the Middle East,
835
,
840
–42,
847
–51,
852
–57,
871
,
883
,
909

and the Panama Canal,
836
–38

and southern Africa,
840
–45

and Watergate legacy,
810

Carter, Rosalynn,
833

Casey, William,
864
,
878
,
881
,
883
–84,
889
–90,
895
–96

Cassini, Artur,
352

Caste War of Yucatán,
217

Castle, William,
463

Castro, Cipriano,
370

Castro, Fidel: and Carter,
844

and the CIA,
812

and the Cuban Missile Crisis,
720
,
722
–24

and Johnson,
732

and Kennedy,
707
,
716

and Nixon,
786
–87

popular response to,
711

rise to power,
686
–88

Catherine the Great,
23
,
71

Catholicism: and abortion,
812

anti-Catholic prejudices,
498

and anti-Communism,
464
,
495
,
621

and Canada,
18

Catholic Relief Services,
655

and Cuba,
314
,
319

and European immigrants,
178

and France,
22
,
85
,
208

and Freemasonry,
196
,
215

and governmental propaganda,
520
–21

and Italo-Ethiopian War,
506

and Latin America,
154
,
159
,
383
,
396
,
475
,
477
,
685
,
885

and liberation theology,
885

and mission
aries,
279
–80

and Northern Ireland,
935

and Poland,
583

and the Spanish Civil War,
507
–8

and Vietnam,
727
,
738

Catholic Relief Services,
655

Ceausescu, Nicolae,
776

Central America,
885

American influence in,
387

and banana republics,
447
–48

and canal proposals,
291
–92,
367

and the Catholic Church,
885

and CIA intervention,
684
–85

and the Cold War,
858
,
884
–87,
889
,
891
–93,
915

and dictatorships,
498
,
556
,
560

and economic aid,
372
–74,
383
,
463

and European powers,
177

and the Good Neighbor Policy,
497

and the Iran-Contra scandal,
866

and isthmian canal plans,
259
,
734

and Reagan,
884
–93,
915

and revolutionary movements,
135
,
383
,
386
,
390
,
391
,
396

and Roosevelt (T.),
377

and self-determination,
470
,
472
–73

and trade agreements,
143
,
501

and U.S. expansionism,
144
,
176
,
184
,
218
–21,
222
,
238
,
243
,
251

and U.S. military bases,
522
.
See also specific countries

Central American Federation,
143

Central Asia,
920
,
961
.
See also specific countries

Central Europe,
177
,
418
,
462
,
585
,
920

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): and Afghanistan,
883
–84

and Angola,
825

and arms reduction,
897

and Asia,
692
,
694
,
695

and Bush (G. H. W.),
900

and China,
855

and the Cold War,
620
–21,
649
,
651
,
653
,
667
,
830

and Congress,
825
,
828

and the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF),
649

and Dulles,
657
,
672

and Eastern Europe,
881

and human rights,
836

and Indonesia,
693

and the Iran hostage crisis,
850

and Latin America,
684
–86,
689
,
705
–7,
717
–18,
720
,
733
,
786
–87,
889
–90

and the Middle East,
672
,
673
,
677
–78,
878
–79

origins of,
542
,
614

and the Peace Corps,
712

and September
11
terrorist attacks,
941

and South Africa,
716

and U-2 flights,
698

and Vietnam,
712
,
744

and Watergate,
812

Central Powers,
399
,
404
,
411

Century Group,
522

Chace, James,
613

Chad,
876

Chalabi, Ahmad,
947
,
953

Chamberlain, Neville,
510
,
512
,
514

Chamoun, Camille,
678
–79

The Chance
(ship),
147
–48

Checkpoint Charlie,
710

Cheney, Dick,
900
–901,
909
–11,
938
–39,
944
–47,
949
–50

Chennault, Anna,
755

Chennault, Claire,
577

Cherenko, Konstantin,
894

Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe,
896

Cherokee Indians,
25
,
43
,
131
,
173

Chesapeake Bay,
26
,
129

Chiang Ching-kuo,
839

Chiang Kai-shek: after World War II,
630
–32

and American public opinion,
511

and Korea,
640
,
663

and Manchuria,
486
,
488

Northern Expedition,
469

and nuclear weapons,
744

Republican support for,
619
,
636
–37,
647

and the Sino-Japanese War,
511

and the United Nations,
571

U.S. accommodation of,
469
,
663
–64

and U.S. recognition of China,
839

and World War II,
535
,
574
–78

and the Yalta Conference,
585
–86

Chiari, Roberto,
734