From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (207 page)

20
. George C. Herring,
America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975
(4th ed., New York, 2002), 284.

21
. Ibid., 287.

22
.
FRUS, 1969–1976
1:106.

23
. Herring,
America's Longest War,
290.

24
. Jeffrey Kimball,
Nixon's Vietnam War
(Lawrence, Kans., 1998), 204–5.

25
. John M. Shaw,
The Cambodia Campaign: The 1970 Offensive and America's Vietnam War
(Lawrence, Kans., 2005).

26
. Herring,
America's Longest War,
293–95.

27
. Safire,
Before the Fall,
190.

28
. Henry Brandon,
The Retreat of American Power
(New York, 1974), 146–47.

29
. Associated Press report, November 17, 2005.

30
. Herring,
America's Longest War,
295.

31
. Vernon A. Walters,
Silent Missions
(New York, 1978), 516.

32
. Jeremi Suri,
Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente
(Cambridge, Mass., 2003), 213–17.

33
. Evelyn Goh, "Nixon, Kissinger, and the 'Soviet Card' in the U.S. Opening to China,"
Diplomatic History
29 (June 2005), 475.

34
. Raymond Garthoff,
Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan
(Washington, 1985), 26.

35
. Ibid., 33.

36
. James K. Libbey,
American-Russian Economic Relations, 1770s-1990s
(Claremont, Calif., 1989), 164–65.

37
. Garthoff,
Détente,
37–53.

38
. John Lewis Gaddis,
Russia, The Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History
(2nd ed., New York, 1990), 270.

39
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
101.

40
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
99.

41
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
104.

42
. Garthoff,
Détente,
137.

43
. Isaacson,
Kissinger,
327.

44
. Hanhimäki,
Kissinger,
129.

45
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
119.

46
. Ibid., 119–20; Schaller,
United States and China,
176–77.

47
. Schaller,
United States and China,
180–82.

48
. Ibid., 179.

49
. Michael Schaller,
Altered States: The United States and Japan Since the Occupation
(New York, 1997), 226.

50
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
165–67; Schaller,
United States and China,
181.

51
. Suri,
Power and Protest,
240; Schaller,
United States and China,
183.

52
. James Mann,
About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton
(New York, 1999), 31.

53
. Ibid., 32.

54
. Ibid., 30–36;
New York Times,
March 3, 2002.

55
. Schaller,
Altered States,
228–29.

56
. Ibid., 228.

57
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
127.

58
. Ibid., 148–49.

59
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
86.

60
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
178.

61
. Garthoff,
Détente,
116–21.

62
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
116;
FRUS, 1969–1976
1:290.

63
. Garthoff,
Détente,
120, n. 30.

64
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
261–64; Schaller,
Altered States,
234; Francis J. Gavin,
Gold, Dollars, and Power: The Politics of International Monetary Relations
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2004), 193–94.

65
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
208.

66
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
263–64.

67
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
210.

68
. Gavin,
Gold, Dollars, and Power,
196; Joan Hoff,
Nixon Reconsidered
(New York, 1994), 143.

69
. Schaller,
Altered States,
211–13; Walter LaFeber,
The Clash: U.S.-Japanese Relations Throughout History
(New York, 1997), 349–51.

70
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
144–45.

71
. Schaller,
Altered States,
211, 224.

72
. Ibid., 231–41.

73
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
63. A valuable analysis is Jeffrey Kimball, "The Nixon Doctrine: A Saga of Misunderstanding,"
Presidential Studies Quarterly
, 36 (March 2006), 59–74.

74
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
63; Bundy,
Tangled Web,
68;
FRUS, 1969–1976
1:92.

75
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
53–54.

76
. Thomas Borstelmann,
The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena
(Cambridge, Mass., 2001), 233.

77
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
144.

78
. Mark T. Gilderhus,
The Second Century: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1889
(Wilmington, Del., 2000), 195.

79
.
FRUS, 1969–1976
1:101, 204–6.

80
. Gilderhus,
Second Century,
196.

81
.
New York Times,
September 13, 1998.

82
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
102, 104.

83
.
New York Times,
September 13, 1998.

84
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
104.

85
. Ibid., 104–5. The war criminal charge is set forth in Christopher Hitchens,
The Trial of Henry Kissinger
(London, 2001).

86
. Dallek,
Partners
, 338; BBC News report, June 29, 2005.

87
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
269.

88
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
107.

89
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
288–89.

90
. Borstelmann,
Cold War and the Color Line,
233.

91
. Ibid., 233.

92
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
144.

93
. Tyler Powell, "Advertising and Designing Nixon's 'China Picture Show' " (Senior Thesis, University of Kentucky, 2000), 9, 17, 25, 27.

94
. Isaacson,
Kissinger,
402.

95
. Mann,
About Face,
45–59.

96
. Ibid., 50–51; Small,
Nixon Presidency,
124–25.

97
. Herring,
America's Longest War,
307;
Atlantic Monthly,
September 2004, 103.

98
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
223–24.

99
. Garthoff,
Détente,
289–92.

100
. Isaacson,
Kissinger,
429–36.

101
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
114.

102
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
327; Isaacson,
Kissinger,
436.

103
. Isaacson,
Kissinger,
436.

104
. Ibid., 438.

105
. Kimball,
Vietnam War Files,
24–28.

106
. Herring,
America's Longest War,
311–13.

107
. Kenneth Pollack,
The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America
(New York, 205), 103.

108
. Douglas Little,
American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2004), 145.

109
.
New York Times,
November 29, 2007; National Security Archive Update, April 28, 2006.

110
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
129.

111
. Ibid., 130–31.

112
. Little,
Orientalism,
106.

113
. David Schoenbaum,
The United States and the State of Israel
(New York, 1993), 182.

114
. Isaacson,
Kissinger,
479.

115
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
274–86.

116
. Marvin and Bernard Kalb,
Kissinger
(Boston, 1974), 433.

117
. Ibid., 434.

118
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
116–17.

119
. Noam Kochavi, "Insights Abandoned, Flexibility Lost: Kissinger, Soviet Jewish Emigration, and the Demise of Détente,"
Diplomatic History
29 (June 2005), 503–30.

120
. Goh, "Soviet Card," 485–86.

121
. Ibid., 499.

122
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
131–33.

123
. Little,
Orientalism,
242–43.

124
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
313–17.

125
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
442.

126
. Hanhimäki,
Flawed Architect,
325–31.

127
. Ibid., 338.

128
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
463–64.

129
. Ibid, 463.

130
. Small,
Nixon Presidency,
293.

131
. Bundy,
Tangled Web,
469.

1
. "The Fading of America,"
Economist,
April 4. 1975, 12.

2
. George C. Herring,
America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975
(4th ed., New York, 2002), 349.

3
. Yanek Mieczkowski,
Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s
(Lexington, Ky., 2005), 5.

4
. Ibid., 2–3, 148–56.

5
. Ibid., 305–10.

6
. Ibid., 20.

7
. John R. Greene,
The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford
(Lawrence, Kans., 1995), 101–12.

8
. Mieczkowski,
Ford,
273.

9
. Ford's career is recounted in Gerald R. Ford,
A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford
(New York, 1979) and James Cannon,
Time and Chance: Gerald Ford's Appointment with History
(New York, 1994).

10
. Henry Kissinger,
Years of Renewal
(New York, 1979), 175–82.

11
. Jacob K. Javits, "The Debate over the War Powers Resolution, 1945–1970," and John H. Sullivan, "The Impact of the War Powers Resolution," in Michael Barnhart, ed.,
Congress and United States Foreign Policy: Controlling the Use of Force in the Nuclear Age
(Albany, N.Y., 1987), 55–76.

12
. Robert David Johnson,
Congress and the Cold War
(New York, 2006), xiv, xix, xx–xxi, 190–241.