God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World (36 page)

17.
[>]
   
Doubt occupies an oddly exalted status:
J. B. Nugent, “Doubt,”
New Catholic Encyclopedia,
pp. 883–884.
[>]
   
a placard over the doorway:
Chadwick,
Catholicism and History,
p. 135.

18.
[>]
   
Greene’s work came under intense Vatican scrutiny:
Peter Godman, “Graham Greene’s Vatican Dossier,”
Atlantic Monthly,
July/August 2001.
[>]
   
I came across two polished wooden boxes:
Images of the card catalogues are presented in Cifres and Pizzo,
Rari e Preziosi,
pp. 142–145.
[>]
   
the very document that abolished the Index:
“Abolizione dell’Indice dei libri prohibiti,”
L’Osservatore Romano,
June 15, 1966.
[>]
   
Cardinal Ratzinger . . . raised an eyebrow:
Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Don’t Count Pope Among Harry Potter Fans,”
New York Times,
July 16, 2003.

19.
[>]
   
“Very well, Potter”:
Rowling,
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix,
p. 631.
[>]
   
“an eye that never slumbered
”
:
Prescott,
History of the Reign of Philip II,
p. 362.

20.
[>]
   
“the real scandal isn’t what’s illegal . . .”:
Edwin Diamond, “The Kinsley Report,”
New York Magazine
, August 4, 1986.
[>]
   
presented with a copy of his confession:
Harry Fiss, “The Interpreter,”
New York Times Magazine,
May 2, 1999.

22.
[>]
   
adopted as his motto:
“Religion: The Cardinal’s Setback,”
Time
, November 23, 1962.
[>]
   
an influential study:
Moore,
Formation of a Persecuting Society
. Moore argues that the persecution of a variety of groups in medieval Europe reflected a systemic social outlook.

23.
[>]
   
“the very fabric of reality”:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, p. 214.
23
a Franciscan inquisitor once confided:
James B. Given, “The Inquisitors of Languedoc and the Medieval Technology of Power,”
American Historical Review,
vol. 24, no. 2 (April 1989), pp. 336–359.
[>]
“We persecuted the seeds of evil”:
Dietrich von Niem,
On Schism,
quoted in Peters,
Inquisition,
p. 303.

2. A Stake in the Ground

25.
[>]
   
“scuttling about in hiding like crabs”:
Pope Gregory IX, from the decretal
Ille humani generis
, in Peters,
Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe
, pp. 196–198.
[>]
   
“You, so and so”:
Gui,
The Inquisitor’s Guide,
p. 176.

26.
like other dualists, the Cathars believed:
The general account here of Cathar beliefs and the Albigensian Crusade is drawn from a number of sources, notably Le Roy Ladurie,
Montaillou
, pp. viii–xi; Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages
, vol. 1, pp. 89–208; Peters,
Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe
, pp. 103–107. Full-length recent accounts of the crusade include Weiss,
The Yellow Cross
, and O’Shea,
The Perfect Heresy
. Specific references are cited accordingly.

27.
Their name may come from the Greek:
O’Shea,
The Perfect Heresy,
p. 270. The derivation of the name remains a matter of some debate.
[>]
   
The most zealous adherents . . . Ordinary Cathars:
Le Roy Ladurie,
Montaillou,
pp. viii–xi; Costen,
The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade
, p. 76.

28.
[>]
   
the romantic quest continues to animate: See, for instance,
The Treasure of Montségur,
by Sophy Burnham (HarperCollins, 2002), and
The Judas Apocalypse,
by Dan McNeil (Publish Press, 2008).
See, for instance, The Treasure of Montségur, by Sophy Burnham (HarperCollins, 2002), and The Judas Apocalypse, by Dan McNeil (Publish Press, 2008).

29.
[>]
   
Specific moments, recorded by the inquisitors:
Oldenbourg,
Massacre at Montségur,
pp. 356–364.
[>]
   
“crushed the head of the dragon”:
Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages,
vol. 2, p. 43.

30.
[>]
   
“lower than God but higher than man”:
Tierney,
The Crisis of Church and State
, 1050–1300, p. 128.

31.
[>]
   
“They gave the finger”:
Gui,
The Inquisitor’s Guide,
p. 9.
[>]
   
Several years later, Pope Lucius III:
Peters,
Inquisition,
p. 47.
[>]
   
“Forward, then, most valiant soldiers of Christ!”:
Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages
, vol. 1, p. 152.
[>]
   
as the geographer David Harvey once noted:
The point is made in Harvey,
The Condition of Postmodernity
. Quoted in Cullen Murphy, “Feudal Gestures,”
Atlantic Monthly
, October 2003.
pronounced an anathema against his enemies:
“Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri: The Path of Doom,” Arabic-language video released on August 27, 2009. Transcript available at
www.nefafoundation.org
.

32.
[>]
   
in a public statement soon after the 9/11 attacks:
Manuel Perez-Rivas, “Bush Vows to Rid World of ‘Evil-doers,’”
CNN.com
, September 16, 2001.
[>]
   
painted the words:
Jeff Sharlet, “Jesus Killed Mohammed,”
Harper’s,
May 2009.
[>]
   
recounted a prayer session:
Robert D. Kaplan, “Five Days in Fallujah,”
Atlantic Monthly,
July/August 2004.
[>]
   
made reference to a Muslim warlord:
“U.S. Is ‘Battling Satan,’ Says General,” BBC News, October 17, 2003; William M. Arkin, “The Pentagon Unleashes a Holy Warrior,”
Los Angeles Times
, October 16, 2003.
ended a speech . . . with these words:
Ricardo Sanchez, “Military Reporters and Editors Luncheon Address,” Washington, D.C., October 12, 2007.

33.
[>]
   
you’ll frequently come across this injunction:
The T-shirts are available online from many retailers, including the California-based company Special Forces Gear (
http://www.specialforces.com/store/customer/home.php
).
[>]
   
first attributed to a papal legate:
Sumption,
The Albigensian Crusade
, p. 93; O’Shea,
The Perfect Heresy
, p. 85.
[>]
   
a hundred men from the nearby town of Bram:
O’Shea,
The Perfect Heresy
, p. 106; Pegg,
A Most Holy War
, pp. 100, 109; Sumption,
The Albigensian Crusade
, pp. 111, 128–129.

34.
[>]
   
The inquisitorial process had a long history:
The general account here of the origins and conduct of the
inquisitio
is drawn from a number of sources, including Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages
, vol. 1, pp. 399–429; Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, pp. 5–22; Peters,
Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe,
pp. 189–215; Peters,
Inquisition
, pp. 12–67; and Baldini and Spruitt,
Catholic Church and Modern Science
, pp. 34–38. Other specific references are cited accordingly.
did not need to wait for someone to file a complaint:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, p. 22.

35.
[>]
   
Traveling light . . . set about conducting trials:
Peters,
Inquisition,
pp. 58–59.
[>]
   
inquisitors in the Lauragais region:
Pegg,
The Corruption of Angels,
p. 3.

36.
[>]
   
a man named Arnaud Sicre:
Le Roy Ladurie,
Montaillou
, p. 286.
[>]
   
medieval words for some distances:
Hackett,
World Eras,
vol. 4,
Medieval Europe
, pp. 126–128.
[>]
   
Politically the continent was fractured:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 16–17.

37.
[>]
   
local folkways of yesteryear were very much alive:
See, for instance, Thomas,
Religion and the Decline of Magi
c. Also Jacques Le Goff, “Culture clericale et traditions folkloriques dans la civilization merovingienne,”
Annales
22 (1967), pp. 780–791.
[>]
   
his beliefs regarding the dead:
Le Roy Ladurie,
Montaillou,
p. 348.
[>]
   
“feelings of alienation” and
“expanded curiosity”:
Edward Peters, “Notes Toward an Archeology of Boredom,”
Social Research
vol. 42, no. 3 (1975), pp. 493–511.

38.
[>]
   
The papal chanceries become busier and busier:
Blouin, ed.,
Vatican Archives,
p. xviii.
[>]
   
a trial in Venice, held at the Basilica of San Marco:
John'T. Noonan, “Gratian Slept Here: The Changing Identity of the Father of the Systematic Study of Canon Law,”
Traditio
35 (1979): 145–172.

39.
[>]
   
the parable of the wedding banquet:
Gospel According to Luke, 14:23.
[>]
   
an injunction to deal with heresy by brute force:
Garry Wills, “Augustine’s Hippo: Power Relations (410–417),
Arion
, vol. 7, no. 1 (Spring–Summer 1999), pp. 98–119.
[>]
   
At the Council of Tarragona:
John H. Arnold, “Lollard Trials and Inquisitorial Discourse,” in Given-Wilson, ed.,
Fourteenth Century England II,
p. 83.
[>]
   
standards of what is acceptable are gradually eroded:
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, “Defining Deviancy Down,”
American Spectator
, vol. 62, no. 1 (Winter 1993), pp. 17–30.

40.
[>]
   
pamphlet prepared by the U.S. Army:
“How to Spot a Communist,” U.S. First Army, 1955. (
http://www.niu.edu/~rfeurer/labor/How%20to%20Spot%20a%20Communist.pdf
.) The Pentagon withdrew the pamphlet after the American Civil Liberties Union objected to its content.
[>]
   
interrogated at Philadelphia International Airport:
“Lawsuit Claims Pomona College Student Was Detained by TSA over Arabic Flashcards,”
Los Angeles Times,
February 10, 2010.

41.
[>]
   
some 75 million pages of records:
Mary Williams Walsh, “Who Owns the Nazi Paper Trail?”
Los Angeles Times,
June 30, 1994.
[>]
   
the first generation of IBM punch-card systems:
The story is told at length in Black,
IBM and the Holocaust.
[>]
   
To give some idea of the scale:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, p. 25.
consider a household item . . . the desk dictionary:
Paul Luna, “Not Just Another Pretty Face: The Contribution of Typography to Lexicography,”
Dictionary Design,
February 18, 2009.

42.
[>]
   
to prove his claim to the overlordship of Scotland:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 34.
inquisitors were more practical and inventive . . . easy cross-referencing
: The revolution in the technology of documentation is considered at length in Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, pp. 25–51.

43.
[>]
   
Bonet was caught in a lie. . . . “tedious frequency”:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 39.
instruction manuals . . . conduct interrogations: Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society
, p. 46.
Given, Inquisition and Medieval Society, p. 46.

44.
[>]
   
Eco continues, describing the inquisitor’s bearing:
Eco,
The Name of the Rose,
pp. 369– 370.
rose rapidly . . . burned in public:
Gui,
The Inquisitor’s Guide,
p. 8.

45.
[>]
   
Over a period of fifteen years:
James Given, “A Medieval Inquisitor at Work,” in Cohn and Epstein, eds.,
Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living,
pp. 207–232.
[>]
   
which now resides in the British Library:
M.A.E. Nickson, “Locke and the Inquisition of Toulouse,”
British Museum Quarterly,
vol. 36, no. 3/4 (Autumn 1972), pp. 83–92.
[>]
   
It begins with a list . . . Then come the details:
British Library, Add. MS. 4697.
[>]
   
Some of the accused . . . more than forty of the living:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 69.
[>]
   
An itemized accounting of expenses:
Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages,
vol. 1, p. 553.

46.
[>]
   
This sort of moral delicacy . . . During the past decade:
“Fact Sheet: Extraordinary Rendition,” American Civil Liberties Union, December 6, 2005.
[>]
   
a Canadian citizen, Maher Arar:
Jane Mayer, “Outsourcing Torture,”
The New Yorker,
February 14, 2005. See also Stephen Grey, “The Agonizing Truth About CIA Renditions,”
Salon,
November 5, 2007.
[>]
   
A throng would gather:
Lea,
A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages,
vol. 1, pp. 391–393.

47.
[>]
   
Gui’s most productive day:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 75.
[>]
   
Gui was a prodigious writer:
Gui,
The Inquisitor’s Guide,
p. 14.
[>]
   
Out of this decree grew a modest confession industry:
Given,
Inquisition and Medieval Society,
p. 45.
[>]
   
The notion of a “slippery slope”:
Mario Rizzo and Glen Whitman, “The Camel’s Nose Is in the Tent: Rules, Theories and Slippery Slopes,”
UCLA Law Review
vol. 51, no. 2 (2003), pp. 539–592. See also Eugene Volokh and David Newman, “In Defense of the Slippery Slope,”
Legal Affairs,
March–April 2003.