Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (343 page)

117.
Maboroshi dewa nakatta hondo kessen
, pp. 23–24; “
Dai hon'ei rikugunbu” tairikurei, tairikushi s
sh
sei, dai 9 kan, Sh
wa j
ky
nen
, pp. 532–33.

118.
According to a recent Japanese assessment of damage inflicted by “body-smashing” attacks on all Allied ships during the last phase of the Pacific war, 57 aircraft carriers were sunk, 108 warships and escort carriers were so heavily damaged as to be out of action for the remainder of the war; 84 other naval ships sustained light damage with heavy personnel casualties; and 221 ships were lightly damaged, for a total of 470 ships. See Kamikaze Kank
Iinkai, eds.,
Shashinsh
—Kamikaze: riku, kaigun tokubetsu k
gekitai, j
(KK Besutoseraazu, 1996), p. 19; for a recent American study, see D. M. Giangreco, “The Truth About Kamikazes,” in
Naval History
(May-June 1997), pp. 25–30.

119.
Yoshihashi Kaiz
, “Jij
bukan toshite mita sh
sen no toshi no kiroku” in
Gunji shigaku
2 (Aug. 1965), pp. 96–97; Katsuno Shun,
Sh
wa tenn
no sens
, p. 200; Ury
, “Kokusaku eiga, Nihon ny
su sh
shi,” p. 522.