Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (373 page)

32.
Toyoshita, “Tenn
/Makk
s
kaiken no shoken,” pp. 83–84.

33.
D. Clayton James, The Years of MacArthur, vol. 3,
Triumph and Disaster 1945–1964
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1985), pp. 322–23.

34.
Kaneko Sh
ichir
,
Shinbun Kameraman no sh
gen
(Nihon Shinbun Ky
kai, 1986) pp. 28–33.

35.
New York Times
, Sept. 29, 1945; Yui Daizabur
, “Democracy From the Ruins: The First Seven Weeks of the Occupation in Japan” (Apr. 30, 1986; unpublished paper).

36.
“Kimigayo” (His majesty's reign) first became the official national anthem during the decade between the Sino-and Russo-Japanese Wars (1895 to 1905).

37.
The figures GHQ disclosed on Oct. 30, 1945, were based on early post-surrender monetary standards. Subsequent reevaluation, raised the total value of the imperial property sharply. Nezu,
Tenn
to Sh
washi, ge
(San Ichi Sh
b
, 1976, 1983), pp. 265–66.

38.
Herbert P. Bix, “The Sh
wa Emperor's ‘Monologue' and the Problem of War Responsibility,” in
Journal of Japanese Studies
18, no. 2 (Summer 1992), p. 307.

39.
Abdication was a live issue throughout the entire occupation period. For discussion, see ibid., pp. 312–18.