Hugo! (73 page)

5
first shots rang out
Author's interviews, Aristóteles Aranguren,
April 25, 2003; June 7, 25, 28, 2003; and February 3, 2005.

9
happening in Venezuela
Bart Jones, "Venezuela: Divisions
Harden After Chávez's Victory,"
National Catholic Reporter
,
September 8, 2004.

14
for that matter in the United States
"Michael Skol Discusses Hugo
Chávez's Resignation," National Public Radio, April 12, 2002.

14
ward off evil spirits
Charles Hardy, "Is Bush a Devil?"
www.21stCenturySocialism.com
, September 25, 2006.

15
three times
"Shocked! By Chávez,"
The Wall Street Journal
,
September 22, 2006.

16
cut it off
Helene Cooper, "Iran Who? Venezuela Takes the Lead
in a Battle of Anti-US Soundbites,"
The New York Times
,
September 21, 2006.

16
best-sellers chart
Zach Dowdy, "Fiery Speech Gives Book a
Boost,"
Newsday
, September 22, 2006; Marc Santora, "A Scholar
Is Alive, Actually, and Hungry for Debate,"
The New York Times
,
September 22, 2006.

16
made such news
Eugene Robinson, "Why the Firebrands Get
Heard,"
The Washington Post
, September 22, 2006.

17
the uni-polar world
Peggy Noonan, "The World Is as Hot as the
Devil,"
The Wall Street Journal
, September 23, 2006.

17
alcoholic who found Jesus
Michael Goodwin, "Dem Demagogues,"
New York
Daily News
, September 24, 2006.

17
get away with it
Ibid.

17
watchdog group FAIR
Jeff Cohen, "What's Wrong with Calling Bush
a Devil?"
www.alternet.org
, September 23, 2006.

18
think it was a joke?
Santora, "A Scholar Is Alive."

18
coup against him?
Katrina vanden Heuval, "The Devil and Mr.
Bush,"
The Nation
, September 25, 2006.

18
then consolidated power
"Rumsfeld Compares Venezuela's Chávez
to Hitler," Voice of America, February 2, 2006.

19
to the people in Venezuela
Cooper, "Iran Who?"

19
worse, a bullet
"Venezuela Oil Pimp Can Have UN," New York
Daily News
, September 21, 2006.

19
No one survived
James Anderson, "Fidel Castro Honors Victims
of 1976 Cuban Plane Bombing," Associated Press, August 1, 1998;
Andrew O. Selsky, "Documents: CIA Warned of Plane Bomb Plot,"
Associated Press, October 10, 2006.

20
souls of the poor
Jones, "Venezuela: Divisions Harden."

21
his grandmother Rosa Inés Chávez
Eleazar Díaz Rangel,
Todo
Chávez
, (Caracas: Editorial Planeta Venezolana, 2006), page 32;
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and Luis Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
(Havana:
Casa Editorial Avril, 2004), page 21; author's interview, Aníbal
Chávez, January 22, 2006; author's interviews, Flor Figueredo,
January 22, 2006 and February 10, 2007.

21
from leukemia
Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, page 32.

22
pair of shoes
Author's interview, Flor Figueredo, January 22, 2006.

23
spider shapes
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 34.

23
were their bats
Author's interview Aníbal Chávez; author's
interview, Flor Figueredo; author's interview, Narcisco Chávez,
January 24, 2006.

23
but very happy
Elizalde and Báz,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 317.

24
an entire universe
Ibid.

24
buy him supplies
Ibid., pages 35-36.

24
ward off a beating
Author's interview, Aníbal Chávez.

24
passed on the street
Author's interview, Herma Marksman,
January 7, 2006; Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez Sin Uniforme
, ( Caracas: Grupo Editorial Random
House Mondadori, 2004), page 38.

24
they stopped talking
Author's interview, Herma Marksman;
Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez
, page 322.

25
did not speak, no.
Author's interview, Hugo Chávez, April 30, 2007.

25
on the streets
Author's interview, Adán Chávez, April 25, 2007.

25
Hugo's fifth-grade teacher
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
page 24.

25
became a state governor
Ibid., page 336; Marcano and Barrera
Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez
, page 66.

25 arañas
on the streets, too
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
page 23.

26
the soul of my country
Ibid., pages 318, 369.

26
That never stops
Ibid., pages 367-369.

27
one of his slogans declared
Daniel Charles Hellinger,
Venezuela:
Tarnished Democracy
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991), page 26.

27
to the homes of the poor
Ibid.; Richard Gott,
In the Shadow of
the Liberator: The Impact of Hugo Chávez on Venezuela and Latin
America
(New York and London: Verso, 2000), page 121.

28
on fence posts
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, pages 21, 30-33,
312-316.

28
"The truth liberated me," he said
Aleida Guevara,
Chávez: Un
Hombre Que Anda Por Ahí
(La Habana, Cuba: Ocean Press, 2005),
page 83.

28
An agrarian revolution . . .
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, (Caracas: Fundacion Catedra Pio Tamayo, 2005), page 65.

29
the spirit of Maisanta
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 79.

29
and deep-set eyes, she said
Ibid., page 60.

30
higher than Switzerland's Matterhorn
Bart Jones, "Charming
Mérida a Mile-High Gem in Inland Venezuela," Associated Press,
March 11, 1999.

30
toward both leaders
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 338.

30
barely 19 percent of the population was literate
Hellinger,
Venezuela:
Tarnished Democracy
, pages 26-28.

31
when he died in 1935
Ibid., page 39.

31
in this condition
Ibid., page 37.

31
three hundred more
Ibid., page 85.

33
an impassioned communist
Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez
, page 55.

33
Che Guevara's diary
Ibid., page 63.

33
political motivation
Author's interview, Hugo Chávez.

33
converting Hugo Chávez to communism
Author's interview,
Wladimir Ruíz, January 23, 2006.

34
Chávez never joined
Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez
,
page 58.

34
pitching techniques
Author's interview, Hugo Chávez, April 29,
2007.

35
a bridge
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 332.

35
I signed the papers
Díaz Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, page 35.

35
grasping everything he presented
Author's interview, Manuel
Felipe Díaz, January 23, 2006.

36
military base in Caracas
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
page 337.

36
my true vocation
Documentary film on Chávez's life transmitted
by Venezolana de Television, August 13, 2004.

37
I was liberated
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 337.

39
progressive ideas
Marta Harnecker, "The Venezuelan Military:
The Making of an Anomaly,"
Monthly Review
, September 1, 2003.

39
in December 1981
Mark Danner,
The Massacre at El Mozote
(New York: Vintage, 1994).

39
reach the higher ranks
Harnecker, "Venezuelan Military."

39
fresh social sensitivity
Michael McCaughan,
The Battle of Venezuela
(New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005), page 61.

40
he once said
Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez
, page 147.

41
with George Washington
Charles Hardy,
Cowboy in Caracas: A
North American's Memoir of Venezuela's Democratic Revolution
(Willimantic, CT: Curbstone Press, 2007), page 83.

41
he was the Liberator
Jerome R. Adams,
Latin American Heroes:
Liberators and Patriots from 1500 to the Present
(New York: Ballantine,
1993), page 45.

41
an indulgent lifestyle
Robert Harvey,
Liberators: Latin America's
Struggle for Independence
(Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2000), pages
61-62.

42
shut down the schools
Richard Gott,
Hugo Chávez and the
Bolivarian Revolution
(New York and London: Verso, 2005), page 103.

43
make it obey us
Harvey,
Liberators
, pages 82-83.

43
punishment against Chávez
Yolanda Ojeda Reyes, "Ruegan Al
Nazareno Por Un Milagro,"
El Universal,
December 19, 1999.

44
cook in her bed
Harvey,
Liberators
, page 126.

44
who were decapitated
Ibid., page 124.

44
Liberty or Death
Ibid., page 176.

45
battles and skirmishes
Ibid., page 227.

45
at his feet
McCaughan,
Battle of Venezuela
, page 44.

46
vacillating and autocratic style
Hellinger,
Venezuela: Tarnished
Democracy
, page 19.

46
met as he fled
Adams,
Latin American Heroes
, page 52; Harvey,
Liberators,
pages 262-263.

48
ignorance and disease
Harvey,
Liberators
, pages 274-278.

48
national project for Latin America
Richard Gott,
In the Shadow of
the Liberator
, page 108.

49
Be careful,
co-madre
, what you say
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and Luis
Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, pages 126-127.

49
not fully liberated
Daniel Hellinger, "Venezuela: Tarnished
Democracy," page 23.

49
many residents
Author's interview, Hugo Chávez, April 29, 2007.

50
there is coldness
Ibid.

50
the Great Bolívar
Marcano and Barrerra Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez,
page 32.

50
belongs to us
Ibid., pages 73-74.

50
for those people
Ibid.

51
bilateral trade with the Soviet Union
Richard Gott,
In the Shadow
of the Liberator
, page 91.

51
traveled to Ayacucho
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, pages 42-43.

52
seventeen years later
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
pages 341-342.

52
beneficiaries of his reforms
Gott,
In the Shadow
, page 92.

52
saw the revolution in action
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 44.

53
women use cosmetics
Gott,
In the Shadow
, pages 89-90.

53
told interviewer Agustín Blanco Muñoz in 1995
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 44.

54
only we knew
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 339.

54
spoke and acted differently
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 43.

55 where I was headed Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
pages 343, 349.

56
the original class of 375 didn't survive
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and
Luis Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, pages 337, 348.

56
as a soldier
Ibid., pages 343-344.

57
an organized league
Ibid., pages 344-345.

58
I give you permission to play
Ibid., pages 345-346.

58
whenever they wanted
Ibid., pages 346-347.

59
Martí said about him
Ibid., pages 347-348.

59
set up a small library
Ibid., page 349; Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla
El Comandante
, pages 49-50.

59
he later commented
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 349.

60
cultural life of Barinas
Ibid., page 348.

60
the camp went dark
Eleazar Díaz Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, pages 40-
41; Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 55; Marta Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan Revolution: Hugo Chávez Talks to
Marta Harnecker
(New York: Monthly Review Press, 2005), page 29;
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, pages 348-349.

60
no reason to torture them
Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan
Revolution
, page 29.

61
impoverishes the majority?
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page
350.

62
more than $150 billion
Daniel Hellinger,
Venezuela: Tarnished
Democracy
, pages 122-123.

64
What else?
Hugo Chávez's unpublished diary, October 28, 1977.

64
small isolated groups
Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan
Revolution
, page 29.

65
at that moment
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 57.

65
young second lieutenant
Author's interview, Wladimir Ruíz,
January 23, 2006; Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan
Revolution,
page 29. Accounts vary as to the date of the meeting;
some place it in 1977. Author's interview, Pablo Medina, January 11,
2006; Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez,
pages 78-80.