Authors: Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR,World War II Espionage
Tags: #Nonfiction
“doubtless great numbers of them. . . .”: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996).
“I think the most effective fifth column work . . .”: PSF Box 97.
“that ground glass had been found. . . .”: Morton Grodzins,
Americans Betrayed,
p. 402.
“The very fact that no sabotage. . . .”: Andrew, p. 128.
“The necessity for mass evacuation. . . .”: ibid., pp. 127â28.
“about the craziest proposition. . . .”: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 99.
As a consequence: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 267.
“The President never âthinks'. . . .”: Larrabee, p. 644.
“magnificent but distant deity. . . .”: W. A. Swanberg, “The Spies Who Came in from the Sea,”
American Heritage,
April 1970.
“I do not think he was much. . . .”: Goodwin, p. 322.
“In the present great war. . . .”: MR Box 163.
Over 11,000 American residents: James Brooke, “After Silence, Italians Recall the Internment,”
New York Times,
Aug. 11, 1997.
“These interned nationals are. . . .”: “Roundup,”
Dateline,
NBC News, Sept. 4, 1998.
chapter xii: intramural spy wars
The French luxury liner: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 501.
“[T]he long arm of. . . .”: ibid.
“I do know the facts. . . .”: ibid., p. 960.
Not saboteurs, but: PSF Box 59.
“Vincent Astor telephoned me yesterday. . . .”: PSF Box 92.
“[T]he President gave his approval. . . .”: ibid.
Astor's duties shifted: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996); PSF Box 92.
By now, FDR was using Carter: Nathan Miller,
Spying for America,
p. 237.
“I have no corresponding. . . .”: PSF Box 98.
Carter thereafter asked FDR: PSF Box 97.
“In order to facilitate the execution. . . .”: ibid.
“I think it is better. . . .”: ibid.
Early in 1942, Congress: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 128.
Agents of foreign governments: H. Montgomery Hyde,
Room 3603,
p. 163.
The bill drew no distinction: ibid.
Bill Stephenson, as head of: ibid., p. 104.
Adolf Berle, given by FDR: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 67, FDRL.
“the code to anyone. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 213.
“Though it is not possible to say. . . .”: Andrew, p. 128.
Berle not only supported: Hyde, p. 104.
“I do not see that any of us. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 67.
“No one has given us any. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 2B.
As the McKellar bill was coming: Hyde, p. 104.
Tully was filling in as hostess: Day-by-Day, Jan. 27, 1942.
“If our reading of the bill. . . .”: M 1642; NA memo from William J. Donovan to FDR, Jan. 6, 1942.
FDR signed the amended version: Hyde, p. 165.
The FBI had learned that a BSC: Berle Papers, Box 28.
“It developed,” Berle noted: Berle Papers, Box 213.
chapter xiii: premier secret of the war
“If atomic bombs could be made. . . .”: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 646.
Before they left the White House: ibid., p. 645.
He was given to tortured locutions: Alexander Sachs Papers, Box 1, FDRL.
“. . . [I]t may be possible to set up. . . .”: ibid.
That Wednesday afternoon he waited: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
pp. 249â50.
He saucily reminded the President: John Gunther,
Roosevelt in Retrospect,
p. 304.
He caught the President's attention: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 313.
“. . . [T]here is no doubt. . . .”: ibid., p. 314.
“Alex, what you are after. . . .”: ibid.
“This requires action”: ibid.
FDR sent Einstein a thank-you note: PSF Box 5.
“the most dangerous possible German. . . .”: Thomas Powers,
Heisenberg's War,
p. vii.
“As large as a pineapple”: Rhodes, p. 404.
“the measures, the sums of money. . . .”: ibid.
Heisenberg indicated: ibid.
“the idea quite obviously strained. . . .”: ibid.
In America, Roosevelt assigned: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,”
Perspectives in American History
2 (1977â1978), p. 467.
“The boss wants it. . . .”: Gunther, p. 304.
“so much more secret. . . .”: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941â1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 13.
In August the President approved: Rhodes, p. 251.
“Grace, this is red hot. . . .”: Grace Tully,
F.D.R., My Boss,
pp. 265â66.
“I can't tell you what. . . .”: ibid., p. 266.
“a hazardous matter. . . .”: Villa, pp. 468â69.
“Whatever the enemy may be. . . .”: Larrabee, p. 647.
“[W]e as a group are. . . .”: ibid.
chapter xiv: enter the oss
Within six months: Bradley F. Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 128.
“Being a writer by trade. . . .”: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,”
Intelligence and National Security,
vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 9.
“Bill Donovan wants to take over. . . .”: PSF Box 147; Adolf Berle Papers, Box 213, FDRL.
On January 16, 1942, the President: PSF Box 147; Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel,
The Shadow War,
p. 39.
“In order to give privacy. . . .”: PSF Box 148.
Captain Denebrink's report: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 118.
“Donovan has been a thorn. . . .”: William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 68.
Strong veritably glowed hot: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 304.
In Strong's eyes, the honorary colonel: PSF Box 149.
“Stanley, not a word . . . !”: Stanley Lovell,
Of Spies and Stratagems,
pp. 182, 183.
Yet, he drove his security: ibid., p. 182.
“To exclude this agency. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 313.
“. . . [T]he Russians are today. . . .”: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 230.
Churchill believed the Allies: ibid., p. 235.
“From reliable sources . . .”: Timothy P. Mulligan, “According to Colonel Donovan: A Document from the Records of German Intelligence,”
The Historian,
vol. 46, no. 1 (November 1983), p. 85.
He tried to get into the South Pacific: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 195.
“They'll absorb you. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 236.
“I asked whether he had. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 214.
“I had some ideas on that subject. . . .”: ibid.
Donovan had left the country: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 236.
The shake-up included: ibid., p. 235.
“You are aware of course. . . .”: POF 4485.
But with it jettisoned: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 235.
The JCS thus agreed to absorb: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 119. Brown, p. 237.
“[T]hese admirals and generals might. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 238.
Roosevelt managed to reverse: Breuer, pp. 68â69; Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 267.
Its codebreakers had begun to crack: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 299; Christopher Andrew and David Dilks, eds.,
The Missing Dimension,
p. 246.
This intelligence formed part: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 368.
Subsequent intercepts showed: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 125.
On the morning of June 4: Warren F. Kimball,
Churchill & Roosevelt,
p. 507.
“essentially a victory. . . .”: Andrew and Dilks, p. 147.
The Japanese were handed: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 386.
But FDR was far too shrewd: ibid.
With all this public uproar: ibid.
As to the secret: H. Montgomery Hyde,
Room 3603,
p. 214.
“Japan and the islands. . . .”: Andrew, pp. 132â33.
On another occasion Carter: ibid., p. 133.
“There has been a suggestion. . . .”: PSF Box 98.
“. . . [W]e could convince the mass. . . .”: ibid.
“I do not feel. . . .”: ibid.
“Gerald Haxton. . . .”: ibid.
This information could then: ibid.
“I see no reason. . . .”: ibid.
FDR wanted simply to cut off: ibid.
Hanfstaengl was interned: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996); Brown, pp. 210â11.
But he did arrange for Carter: Carter Collection, Oral History, pp. 4â5, FDRL.
“Well why don't you come . . .?”: ibid., p. 10.
“What do you think on earth . . .?”: ibid., p. 12.
“actually knows all these people. . . .”: ibid.
“You can tell. . . .”: ibid.
“confusing anybody's mind. . . .”: Furgurson.
On June 24, FDR: PSF Box 98.
Putzi was to be treated: Brown, p. 211.
“warned me that Hanfstaengl . . .”: Furgurson.
“Of course, there's where you. . . .”: Carter Oral History, p. 14.
“It was just Hanfstaengl. . . .”: ibid., p. 15.
chapter xv: “we are striking back”
“He said that he would not. . . .”: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 214, FDRL.
FDR laughed off the gibe: ibid.
Fortunately for the Western Allies: PSF Box 3.
“the Japanese may be preparing to conduct. . . .”: MR Box 8.
The Japanese would definitely attack: ibid.
“I have information which I believe. . . .”: MR Box 48.
“I believe that we must. . . .”: RG 457 #74682.
The assignment to burglarize: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
pp. 227â28.
The bureau already had three agents: ibid., pp. 229â30; William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 68.
“I don't believe any single event. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 229.
“The Abwehr gets better treatment. . . .”: Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 295.
Donovan had stepped over: ibid.
“No President dare touch. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 229.
“Reliable source confirms. . . .”: Ladislas Farago,
The Game of the Foxes,
p. 330.
If true that Roosevelt's consciousness: ibid., pp. 298â330.
While held in an Italian prison: Farago, p. 6.
What Hitler wanted from him now: W. A. Swanberg, “The Spies Who Came in from the Sea,”
American Heritage,
April 1970, p. 67.
Thus, in April 1942: ibid., p. 69.
They were provided with drawings: Francis Biddle,
In Brief Authority,
p. 325.
They were to carry high explosives: Swanberg, p. 67.
The teams split: ibid., pp. 67â68.
“This will cost. . . .”: Leon O. Prior, “Nazi Invasion of Florida,”
Florida History Quarterly,
vol. 49, no. 2 (October 1970), p. 132.
“Who are you?”: Swanberg, p. 66.
Instead, Dasch, a garrulous loudmouth: ibid.
In the meantime, the Dasch team: ibid., p. 69.
“obsessive, compulsive, neurotic . . .”: Biddle, p. 326.
A few years before, Burger: Swanberg, p. 68.
Dasch divulged everything: ibid., p. 87.
“at 1:30 a.m. an unarmed Coast Guard. . . .”: PSF Box 57.
“His eyes were bright. . . .”: Biddle, p. 327.
The President agreed, and the press: ibid.
“I had a bad week. . . .”: ibid.
Dasch had, in fact, revealed: Swanberg, p. 87.
“Not enough, Francis. . . .”: Biddle, pp. 327â28.
“The two Americans are guilty. . . .”: PSF Box 56.
“they had not committed any act. . . .”: Biddle, p. 328.
He told Biddle that he wanted: ibid., p. 330.
“[t]hese men had penetrated battlelines. . . .”: POF Box 5036.
“I want one thing. . . .”: Biddle, p. 330.
“Dutch jawâand when. . . .”: W. Averell Harriman and Elie Abel,
Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin,
p. 389.
Biddle practically felt: Biddle, p. 330.
“[t]he major violation of the Law of War. . . .”: POF Box 5036.
Thus was born the Double Cross: Farago, p. 176; Breuer, p. 49.
Only one German spy is believed: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 190.
On July 2 the President: Prior, p. 137.
FDR wanted his own man: Biddle, p. 331.
On June 8 the prisoners: Swanberg, p. 89.
Enterprising vendors soon were doing: Biddle, p. 333.
The trial was held: Swanberg, p. 88.
A disgusted Hoover: Biddle, p. 333.
August 8 was set: Swanberg, p. 91.
He commenced his ceremonial role: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 115.
By 1:04 p.m., the work was completed: Swanberg, p. 91.
Where, Mrs. Rosenman asked: Samuel I. Rosenman,
Working with Roosevelt,
pp. 352â53.
“Suggest you close the casket. . . .”: ibid., p. 354.
The saboteurs were subsequently: Swanberg, p. 91.
“It's high time that we wake up here. . . .”: POF Box 5036.
“We endorse the imposition. . . .”: ibid.
They announced the death: Hoover to Hopkins, Aug. 26, 1942, FDRL.
“Have you pretty well cleaned . . .?”: PSF Box 57.
Again, according to young Roosevelt: James Roosevelt,
My Parents,
p. 100.