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Authors: Robert Macfarlane

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BOOK: Landmarks
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One hears it without listening as one breathes without thinking. But to a listening ear the sound disintegrates into many different notes – the slow slap of a loch, the high clear trill of a rivulet, the roar of spate. On one short stretch of burn the ear may distinguish a dozen different notes at once.

That morning we searched in the mist for the Wells of Dee, the springs that mark the river’s true birthplace. We began at the plateau rim, and from there we followed it back uphill, always taking the larger branch where the stream forked. At last we reached a point where the water rose from within the rock itself. Shepherd had also made this
‘journey to the source
’, and confronted matter in its purest form:

Water, that strong white stuff, one of the four elemental mysteries, can here be seen at its origins. Like all profound mysteries, it is so simple that it frightens me. It wells from the rock, and flows away. For unnumbered years it has welled from the rock, and flowed away.

This proof of the mountain’s mindlessness was to Shepherd both thrilling and terrifying. The Cairngorms exceeded human comprehension: what she called the
‘total mountain
’ could never totally be known. Yet if approached without expectation, the massif offered remarkable glimpses into its ‘being’.

Walking under Shepherd’s influence, led by her language, I had enjoyed an astonishing time of gifts. The eagle, the geese, the blue-gold loch, the parhelion, the mists, the springs, those few days
in the hills had compressed into them a year’s worth of marvels – and each had its precedent in
The Living Mountain
. The fortuity of it all was acute, approaching the eerie. It was as if we had walked
into
the pages of Nan’s book, though of course her book had emerged out of the Cairngorms themselves, so we were merely completing that circuit of word and world.

Glossary II
Uplands
Hills, Fells and Peaks
abri
shelter used by mountaineers, typically an overhanging rock
mountaineering
alpenglow
light of the setting or rising sun seen illuminating high mountains or the underside of clouds
mountaineering
amar
hill with precipices
Gaelic
arête
sharp ascending ridge of a mountain
mountaineering
banc
hill; bank or breast of a hill
Welsh
bans, vans
high place
Cornish
barr
summit
Irish
batch
hillock
West Country
beacon
conspicuous hill with long sightlines from its summit (suitable for a beacon-fire)
southern England, Wales
beinn
usually the highest peak in an area; visually dominant summit
Gaelic
biod
pinnacle; pointed knoll
Gaelic
bioran
peak of medium height, usually sharp and rugged
Gaelic
bothy
hut or shelter maintained in remote country
Scots
brent
brow of a hill
Northamptonshire
bron
hillside, slope
Welsh
byurg
rocky hill
Shetland
cadair
mound or hill shaped like a seat (as place-name element); fort, defensive settlement
Welsh
caisteal
peak of medium height, usually without corries (literally ‘castle’, ‘fort’)
Gaelic
càirn
,
càrn
substantial, complex peak, with corries, shoulders and ridges
Gaelic
chockstone
stone wedged in a vertical cleft or chimney of rock, impeding progress
mountaineering
choss
rock that is unsuitable for climbing due to its instability or friability
mountaineering
cleit
peak usually with a rounded base and a craggy summit
Gaelic
cnap
small but very rugged peak, often an outlying summit of a
beinn
or
càirn
Gaelic
cnoc
hill, usually though not always smaller than a
sliabh
Irish
cnwc
hillock, knoll
Welsh
coire
high, hanging, glacier-scooped hollow on a mountainside, often cliff-girt (anglicized to
corrie
)
Gaelic
cragfast
unable to advance or retreat on a steep climb; stuck, usually requiring rescue
mountaineering
creachann
grassless, stony hilltop
Gaelic
creagan
knoll
Gaelic
croit
humpbacked hill or group of hills
Gaelic
cruach
rugged peak with pinnacled tops, sometimes resembling a rick or stack (‘
cruach
’) in outline
Irish
dod
,
dodd
rounded summit, either a separate hill, or more frequently a lower summit or distinct shoulder of a higher hill
northern England, southern Scotland
droim
ridge or ‘back’ of hills
Irish
drum
small, rectangular hillock; a field sloping on all sides
Galloway
dūn
low hill with a fairly level and extensive summit, providing a good settlement site in open country
Old English
gala, olva
lookout point
Cornish
gob
beak or projecting point of mountain
Gaelic
grianan
knoll or hillock that is often sunny
Gaelic
gualainn
shoulder of a hill
Gaelic
hōh
projecting or heel-like ridge
Old English
hope
hill
Cotswolds
kame
comb or ridge of hills
Shetland
knob
round-topped hill
Kent
landraising
waste disposal site which is above the height of the surrounding land
official
maol
bare and rugged peak, usually of middling height
Gaelic
meall
high and rounded summit, often heathery
Gaelic
mena
hill, high point
Cornish
moel
of a hilltop or mountain summit: treeless, rounded (literally ‘bald’)
Welsh
mynydd
mountain, hill
Welsh
nab
summit of a hill
Sussex
pap
mountain or hill whose shape is thought to resemble that of a woman’s breast
Irish English, Scots
pinch
short, steep hill
Kent
rajel
scree
Cornish
rake
steep path or track up a fell- or crag-side, often leading to the summit
Cumbria
ruighe
grassy place on a hillside
Gaelic
saidse
sound of a falling body
Gaelic
sgòr
,
sgùrr
sharp and steep-sloped summit, often rising to a craggy top
Gaelic
skord
deep indentation in the top of a hill at right angles to its ridge
Shetland
slaag
low part of the skyline of a hill
Shetland
sliabh
single mountain; range of mountains
Irish
soo’s back
sharp long ridge (literally ‘sow’s back’)
Scots
spidean
sharp summit or top, often rising above a corrie
Gaelic
sròn
shoulder of land rising from a valley towards the higher reaches of a peak
Gaelic
stob
high, rugged peak, often with numerous corries
Gaelic
strone
hill that terminates a range; the end of a ridge
Scots
stùc
sharp subsidiary peak, often conical in form
Gaelic
tap
,
top
summit
Scots, especially Aberdeenshire
tom
hill or hillock, normally free of rocks and of relatively gentle elevation
Gaelic
toot
isolated hill suitable for observation, lookout hill
western England
tòrr
craggy-topped hillock
Gaelic
tulach
green place on a hillside
Gaelic
Ice and Snow
aquabob
icicle
Kent
billow
snowdrift
East Anglia
bleb
bubble of air in ice
north-east Ireland, northern England
blee
high, exposed
Northamptonshire
blenk
light snow, resembling the ‘blinks’ or ashes that fly out of a chimney
Exmoor
blin’ drift
drifting snow
Scots
blunt
heavy fall of snow
East Anglia
clinkerbell, cockerbell, conkerbell
,
icicle
Dorset
clock-ice
ice cracked and crazed by fissures, usually brought about by the pressure of walkers or skaters
Northamptonshire
dagger, dagglet
,
daggler
,
icicle
Hampshire
feetings
footprints of creatures as they appear in the snow
Suffolk
feevl
snow falling in large flakes
Shetland
fievel
thin layer of snow
Shetland
firn
old, consolidated snow, often left over from the previous season
mountaineering
flaucht
snowflake
Scots
fleeches
large snowflakes
Exmoor
flukra
snow falling in large, scale-like flakes
Shetland
frazil
loose, needle-like ice crystals that form into a churning slush in turbulent super-cooled water, for example in a river on a very cold night
hydrological
glocken
to start to thaw (compare the Icelandic
glöggur
, ‘to make or become clear’)
Yorkshire
graupel
hail
meteorological
hailropes
hail falling so thickly it appears to come in cords or lines (Gerard Manley Hopkins)
poetic
heavengravel
hailstones (Gerard Manley Hopkins)
poetic
ickle
icicle
Yorkshire
iset
colour of ice:
isetgrey
,
isetblue
Shetland
moorie caavie
blinding snowstorm
Shetland
névé
consolidated granular snow formed by repeated freeze-and-thaw cycles, hard and skittery underfoot
mountaineering
penitent
spike or pinnacle of compact snow or ice left standing after differential melting of a snowfield
geographical
pipkrakes
needle-like crystals of ice
geographical
rone
patch or strip of ice
north-east Scotland
sheebone
snowdrift, heavy fall of snow
Northern Ireland
shockle
lump of ice; icicle
northern England, Scotland
shuckle
icicle
Cumbria
skalva
clinging snow falling in large damp flakes
Shetlands
skith
thin layer of snow
Herefordshire
smored
smothered in snow
Scots
snaw grimet
colour of the ground when lying snow is partly melted
Shetland
snipe
hanging icicle (so named for its resemblance to the bill of a snipe)
Northamptonshire
snitter
to snow
Sheffield
snow-bones
patches of snow seen stretching along ridges, in ruts or in furrows after a partial thaw
Yorkshire
snow-devil
,
mini-cyclone or whirling dervish made of
snow-djinn
spindrift (loose particles of snow) wind-whipped into a vortex, which roams the slopes of winter hills
mountaineering
snyauvie
snowy
Scots
stivven
become filled with blown or drifted snow
East Anglia
tankle
icicle
Durham
ungive
to thaw
Northamptonshire
unheeve
to thaw or to show condensation
Exmoor
up’lowsen
,
up’slaag
to thaw
Shetland
verglas
thin blue water-ice that forms on rock
mountaineering
windle
snowdrift
Fenland
wolfsnow
dangerously heavy and wind-driven snow; a sea blizzard (Gerard Manley Hopkins)
poetic
BOOK: Landmarks
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