Liars and Outliers (55 page)

oft-quoted line
Pete Blackshaw (2008),
Satisfied Customers Tell Three Friends, Angry Customers Tell 3,000,
Crown Business.

cooperation jumps
Claus Wedekind and Manfred Milinski (1996), “Human Cooperation in the Simultaneous and the Alternating Prisoner's Dilemma: Pavlov Versus Generous Tit-for-Tat,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
93:2686–9.

Dueling isn't always
Christopher Kingston and Robert E. Wright (2009), “The Deadliest of Games: The Institution of Dueling,”
Southern Economic Journal,
76:1094–1106. Diego Gambetta (2009),
Codes of the Underworld: How Criminals Communicate,
Princeton University Press.

Chimpanzees are able
Francys Subaiul, Jennifer Vonk, Sanae Okamoto-Barth, and Jochen Barth (2008), “Do Chimpanzees Learn Reputation by Observation? Evidence from Direct and Indirect Experience with Generous and Selfish Strangers,”
Animal Cognition,
11:611–23.

Charles Lamb
Charles Lamb (1833), “Table-Talk by the Late Elia,” in Edward Verrall Lucas, ed. (1913),
The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb: Miscellaneous Prose
, 1798–1834, Macmillan, 400.

counter-evidence
Francisco C. Santos, Marta D. Santos, Jorge M. Pacheco (2008), “Social Diversity Promotes the Emergence of Cooperation in Public Goods Games,”
Nature,
454:213–6. Sven Van Segbroeck, Francisco C. Santos, Tom Lenaerts, Jorge M. Pacheco (2009), “Reacting Differently to Adverse Ties Promotes Cooperation in Social Networks,”
Physical Review Letters,
102:058105–9.

diverse communities
Eric M. Uslaner (2002),
The Moral Foundations of Trust,
Cambridge University Press. Eric M. Uslaner (2004), “Trust and Social Bonds: Faith in Others and Policy Outcomes Reconsidered,”
Political Research Quarterly,
57:501–7. Eric M. Uslaner (2011), “Trust, Diversity, and Segregation in the United States and the United Kingdom,”
Comparative Sociology,
10:221–47.

different dialects
Ottar Tinglum (1929), “Landsmaal-Riksmaal: The Feud Between the Dialects and the Official Language of Norway,”
American Journal of Sociology,
34:686–92.

English dialects
Sally Johnson, Tommaso M. Milani, and Clive Upton (2008), “Whose Voices? A Hypermodal Approach to Language Ideological Debates on the BBC ‘Voices’ Website,” Working Paper No. 127, Lancaster University Department of Linguistics and English Language Centre for Language in Social Life. Clive Upton and John David Allison Widdowson (2006),
An Atlas of English Dialects,
Oxford University Press.

David Nettle ran
David Nettle (1999),
Linguistic Diversity,
Oxford University Press.

alternate analysis
Brian Skyrms (1996),
The Evolution of the Social Contract,
Cambridge University Press, 57–61.

“is” does not imply
David Hume (1739),
A Treatise on Human Nature.

costly religious rituals
William Irons (1996), “Morality as an Evolved Adaptation,” in J.P. Hurd, ed.,
Investigating the Biological Foundations of Morality,”
Edwin Mellen Press, 1–34. William Irons (2001), “Religion as a Hard-to-Fake Sign of Commitment,” in Randolph Nesse, ed.,
The Evolution of Commitment,
Russell Sage Foundation, 155–78. Richard Sosis (2000), “Religion and Intra-Group Cooperation: Preliminary Results of a Comparative Analysis of Utopian Communities,”
Cross-Cultural Research,
37:211–39.

breeding females
James Acheson and Roy Gardner (2011), “The Evolution of the Maine Lobster V-Notch Practice: Cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game,”
Ecology & Society,
16:41.

Edney listed several
Julian J. Edney (1981), “Paradoxes on the Commons: Scarcity and the Problem of Inequality,”
Journal of Community Psychology,
9:3–34.

Michel Foucalt said
Didier Eribon (1991),
Michel Foucault,
translated from French by Betsy Wing, Harvard University Press, 265.

Chapter 9

similar system in Sweden
Heather Monasky (2011), “On Comprehensive Prostitution Reform: Criminalizing the Trafficker and the Trick, But Not the Victim—Sweden's Sexköpslagen in America,”
William Mitchell Law Review,
37:101–56.

driving skill is better
Justin Kruger and David Dunning (1999), “Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments,”
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,
77:1121–34. Corey L. Guenther and Mark D. Alicke (2010), “Deconstructing the Better-Than-Average Effect,”
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,
99:755–70.

Electronic filing
U.S. Internal Revenue Service (8 Jul 2009), “Update on Reducing the Federal Tax Gap and Improving Voluntary Compliance,” Department of the Treasury. Barbara Weltman (24 Jan 2011), “Ten Ways to Avoid a Tax Audit,”
Wall Street Journal.

Students perform better
Uri Gneezy and Aldo Rustichini (2000), “Pay Enough or Don't Pay at All,”
Quarterly Journal of Economics,
115:791–810.

salary bonuses
Randall Eberts, Kevin Hollenbeck, and Joe Stone (2002), “Teacher Performance Incentives and Student Outcomes,”
Journal of Human Resources,
37:913–27.

Ostrom's original rules are
Elinor Ostrom (1980),
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action,
Cambridge University Press.

Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (1789),
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
.

Gary Becker
Gary Becker (1996), “The Economic Way of Looking at Human Behavior: The Nobel Lecture,”
Journal of Political Economy,
101:385–409.

increasing the probability
Mark Kleinman (2009),
When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment,
Princeton University Press.

conflicting evidence
Nina Mazar and Dan Ariely (2006), “Dishonesty in Everyday Life and Its Policy Implications,”
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing,
25:117–26.

two Irish subsidiaries
Joseph B. Darby III and Kelsey Lemaster (15 May 2007), “Double Irish More than Doubles the Tax Savings,”
Practical US/International Tax Strategies,
11:2,11–16.

bigger one opened up
Todd Neeley (28 Mar 2011), “Pulp, Paper Companies Amend Tax Returns Actions Could Cost Taxpayers Billions of Dollars,”
DTN: The Progressive Farmer.

Chapter 10

someone was sentenced
Barbara de Lollis (15 Sep 2010), “Woman Faces Three Months in Jail for Stealing Hotel Towels,”
USA Today
.

doping in professional Scrabble
Stefan Fatiss (2001),
Word Freak: Heartbreak, Triumph, Genius, and Obsession in the World of Competitive Scrabble Players,
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

assays were developed
John H. Lewis (1979), “A Routine Screening Method for the Major Metabolite of Methyl Phenidate in the Urine of Greyhounds,”
Forensic Science International,
14:221–7. Orisa J. Igwe and Jerry W. Blake (1981), “Gas/liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Pemoline in Biological Fluids Using Electron Capture Detection,”
Journal of Chromatographic Science,
19:617–24.

EPO use became
Robin Parisotto, Christopher J. Gore, Kerry R. Emslie, Michael J. Ashenden, Carlo Brugnara. Chris Howe, David T. Martin, Graham J. Trout, and Allan G. Hahn (2000), “A Novel Method Utilising Markers of Altered Erythropoiesis for the Detection of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Abuse in Athletes,”
Haematologica,
85:564–72. Caroline K. Hatton (2007), “Beyond Sports Doping Headlines: The Science of Laboratory Tests for Performance-Enhancing Drugs,”
Pediatric Clinics of North America,
54:713–33. Rafael Maia de Almeida Bento, Lucia Menezes Pinto Damasceno, and Francisco Radler de Aquino Neto (2003), “Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Sports: A Review,”
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte,
9:181–90.

analogues of analogues
Andreas Breidbach, Don H. Catlin, Gary A. Green, Inna Tregub, Henry Truong, and Jeffrey Gorzek (2003), “Detection of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Urine by Isoelectric Focusing,”
Clinical Chemistry,
49:901–7.

new EPO replacement
Don H. Catlin, George A. Maylin, Sabrina Benchaar, Sandra M. Neades, Miranda S. Timmons, and Kenneth H. McKeever (2009), “Detection of Pegylated Epoetin in Horse Plasma after Intravenous Administration,”
Comparative Exercise Physiology,
6:105–8.

first designer steroid
Henry K. Lee (4 Aug 2006), “Inventor of Clear Steroid Gets Three Months in Prison,”
San Francisco Chronicle.

Its fingerprint
Don H. Catlin, Brian D. Ahrens, and Yulia Kucherova (2002), “Detection of Norbolethone, an Anabolic Steroid Never Marketed, in Athletes' Urine,”
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,
16:1273–5.

scenario was replayed
Don H. Catlin, Michael H. Sekera, Brian D. Ahrens, Borislav Starcevic, Yu-Chen Chang, and Caroline K. Hatton (2004), “Tetrahydrogestrinone: Discovery, Synthesis, and Detection in Urine,”
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,
18:1245–9. Michael H. Sekera, Brian D. Ahrens, Yu-Chen Chang, Borislav Starcevic, Costas Georgakopoulos, and Don H. Catlin (2005), “Another Designer Steroid: Discovery, Synthesis, and Detection of Madol in Urine,”
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,
19:781–4.

flow cytofluorometry
Margaret Nelson, Michael Ashenden, Mark Langshaw, and Hazel Popp (2002), “Detection of Homologous Blood Transfusion by Flow Cytometry: A Deterrent against Blood Doping,”
Haemetologica,
87:881. Patricia A. Arndt and Belinda M. Kumpel (2008), “Blood Doping in Athletes: Detection of Allogeneic Blood Transfusions by Flow Cytofluorometry,”
American Journal of Hematology,
83:657–67.

gene doping
H. Lee Sweeney (Jul 2004), “Gene Doping,”
Scientific American,
291:63–9. Gary R. Gaffney and Robin Parisotto (2007), “Gene Doping: A Review of Performance-Enhancing Genetics,”
Pediatric Clinics of North America,
54:807–22.

adulterated supplements
Jeff Jones (4 Dec 2002), “Tainted Supplements: Positive or Not?”
Cycling News.

Chinese herbal product
Patricia L. Eachus (1996), “Positive Drug Screen for Benzodiazepine Due to a Chinese Herbal Product,”
Journal of Athletic Training,
31:165–6.

urine test for EPO
Monique Beullens, Joris R. Delanghe, and Mathieu Bollen (2006), “False-Positive Detection of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Urine Following Strenuous Physical Exercise,”
Blood,
107:4711–13. Joris R. Delanghe, Mathieu Bollen, and Monique Beullens (2007), “Testing for Recombinant Erythropoietin,”
American Journal of Hematology,
83:237–41.

hotly contested
Don Catlin, Gary Green, Michael Sekera, Paul Scott, and Borislav Starcevic (2006), “False-Positive EPO Test Concerns Unfounded,”
Blood,
108:1778. Françoise Lasne (2006), “No Doubt About the Validity of the Urine Test for Detection of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin,”
Blood,
108:1778–9.

Rapid-screen immunoassays
Nancy C. Brahm, Lynn L. Yeager, Mark D. Fox, Kevin C. Farmer, and Tony A. Palmer (2010), “Commonly Prescribed Medications and Potential False-Positive Urine Drug Screens,”
American Journal of Health Systems & Pharmacy,
67:1344–50.

Vicks Vapor Inhaler
Telegraph (21 Mar 2002), “British Skier Stripped of Bronze.”

appearance of a website
Rachna Dhamija, J.D. Tygar, and Marti Hearst (2006), “Why Phishing Works,”
CHI ‘06 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.

least costly measures
Tom LaTourette, David R. Howell, David E. Mosher, and John MacDonald (2006),
Reducing Terrorism Risk at Shopping Centers: An Analysis of Potential Security Options
, RAND Technical Report.

Chapter 11

Robert A. Heinlein
Robert A. Heinlein (1988),
To Sail Beyond the Sunset,
G.P. Putnam's Sons, 38–9.

levels of moral meaning
Kenneth R. Melchin (1998),
Living with Other People: An Introduction to the Christian Ethics Based on Bernard Longeran,
The Liturgical Press, 56–60.

good summary
William C. Crain (1985), “Kolhberg's Stages of Moral Development,” Chapter 7 of
Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications
, Prentice-Hall, 118–36.

Social identity theory
Henri Tajfel (1974), “Social Identity and Intergroup Behaviour,”
Social Science Information,
13:65–93. Naomi Ellemers, Russell Spears, and Bertjan Doosje (2001), “Self and Social Identity,”
Annual Review of Psychology,
53:161–86.

immolated themselves
Michael Biggs (2005), “Dying Without Killing: Self-Immolations, 1963–2002,” in Diego Gambetta, ed.,
Making Sense of Suicide Missions,
Oxford University Press.