Manufacturing depression (55 page)
Read Manufacturing depression Online
Authors: Gary Greenberg
106
“This Be the Verse”
: Larkin,
High Windows
, 30.
110
Robert Louis Stevenson’s “Requiem”
: Stevenson, “Requiem,”
http://www.poetry-archive.com/s/requiem.html
.
110
“Life is either mostly adventure”
: Elkin,
The MacGuffin,
233.
111
the change in human character
: Woolf, “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown,” 194.
111
Mourning, with its “painful mood”
: Freud, “Mourning and Melancholia,” 204.
112
Not so with melancholia
: By
melancholia
Freud has in mind something similar to what Kraepelin at first kept in and then removed from his
Lehrbuch
: a state characterized by despondency, fear, delusions, and hypochondria and without obvious connection to the circumstances of a patient’s life. But Freud wasn’t following Kraepelin’s nosology here; indeed, he considered Kraepelin a professional enemy. Instead, he was drawing on a common understanding of melancholia as the condition first described by Hippocrates.
112
“In mourning”
: Ibid., 205–6.
112
It would be fruitless
: Ibid., 206.
113
“related to the child’s”
: Freud,
Beyond the Pleasure Principle,
9.
113
“carried along with it”
: Ibid., 9–10.
114
Whatever insult set off
: Ibid., 211.
114
“Prince Hamlet has ready”
: Freud, “Mourning and Melancholia,” 206.
115
“The loss of the love-object”
: Ibid., 210.
115
Karl Popper
: Popper,
The Poverty of Historicism,
131–35.
116
learned helplessness
: Seligman, “Learned Helplessness in the Rat.”
116
a series of studies
: Alloy and Abramson, “Judgment of Contingency in Depressed and Nondepressed Students.”
117
“depressed people are ‘sadder but wiser’”
: Ibid., 479–80.
117
a “crucial question”
: Ibid., 480.
118
“brought our instincts”
: Freud, “Transience,” 199.
118
Shell shock
: Zaretsky,
Secrets of the Soul,
121–26.
119
“What lives, wants to die again”
: Quoted in Gay,
Freud
, 395.
119
Todestrieb
(“death instinct”)
: Gay,
Freud,
391–92; Freud,
Civilization and Its Discontents,
68–69.
119
Once mourning is overcome
: Freud, “Transience,” 200.
119
“far more a matter”
: Gay,
Freud,
553.
119
The fateful question
: Freud,
Civilization and Its Discontents,
81–82.
120
“The life imposed on us”
: Ibid., 13.
120
“the threat of external unhappiness”
: Ibid., 64.
122
“psychology for winners”
: Kovel,
The Age of Desire,
267.
122
“Freudianism helped construct”
: Zaretsky,
Secrets of the Soul
, 142–43.
122
“life in America”
: New York Times
, “Warns of Danger in American Life,” June 5, 1927.
123
“I believe that I have not given”
: Freud,
Civilization and Its Discontents
, 81.
123
“My pessimism appears”
: Gay,
Freud
, 552–53.
124
“declared that his health”
: New York Times,
“American Loses Suit Against Freud,” May 25, 1927.
125
“It burdens [a doctor]”
: Freud,
Question of Lay Analysis,
95.
125
“suggest somatic rather than psychogenic affections”
: Freud, “Mourning and Melancholia,” 203.
125
“include elements from the mental sciences”
: Freud,
Question of Lay Analysis
, 88.
125
“self knowledge,” he wrote
: Ibid., 90.
125
“specialized branch of medicine”
: Ibid., 91.
125
“As long as I live”
: Gay,
Freud
, 491.
125
“an attempt at repression”
: Freud,
Question of Lay Analysis
, 96.
126
“expect nervous disorders”
: Ibid., 5.
CHAPTER 7
Page
133
“Come on, you motherfuckers”
: Rosenhan, “On Being Sane,” 256.
133
“the bereaved widow”
: Dufresne,
Against Freud,
13.
134
“literary and scientific hero”
: Wortis,
Fragments of an Analysis with Freud,
1.
134
“very unusually talented”
: Ibid., 3.
134
“I had no wish”
: Ibid.
134
“the views of the widow”
: Dufresne,
Against Freud
, 15.
134
“Though I am myself skeptical”
: Wortis,
Fragments
, 5.
135
“He [Freud] would have thrown me out”
: Dufresne,
Against Freud
, 16.
135
“I was taunting Freud”
: Ibid., 11.
135
“It is true you have no palpable symptoms”
: Wortis,
Fragments
, 154.
135
“You know shit about psychoanalysis”
: Dufresne,
Against Freud
, 13.
135
“He seemed to be a bit hard of hearing”
: Wortis,
Fragments
, 24.
135
“Dreaming is nothing but”
: Wortis,
Fragments
, 88.
135
“No man could tell the truth”
: Ibid., 121.
136
“You have not yet completed”
: Ibid., 61.
136
“A person who professes to believe”
: Ibid., 44.
136
“I feel sure”
: Ibid., 154.
136
The
New York Times
was satisfied: New York Times,
“Dr. Sakel Is Dead; Psychiatrist, 57,” December 3, 1957.
137
“vagotropic nervous system”
: Sakel,
Schizophrenia
, 189.
137
“deliberately abandoned the normal scientific procedure”
: Ibid., 188.
137
“accidents”
: Sakel,
Schizophrenia
, 188.
137
“courageously persisted in his experiments”
: Frostig, “Clinical Observations
in Insulin Treatment of Schizophrenia”; Jessner and Ryan,
Shock Treatment in Psychiatry
, 4.
138
“Beyond this point”
: Jessner and Ryan,
Shock Treatment,
11.
138
“One is frequently surprised”
: Ibid., 27–28.
139
One of our patients
: Ibid., 44.
139
“the result of research”
: von Meduna, “The Significance of the Convulsive Reaction,” 140.
140
Paracelsus, the sixteenth-century Swiss physician
: Pearce, “Leopold Auenbrugger,” 105.
140
Although one doctor went so far
: Jessner and Ryan,
Shock Treatment
, 65; see also Kennedy, “Critical Review: The Treatment of Mental Disorders by Induced Convulsions.”
141
the patient got out
: Fink, “Meduna and the Origins of Convulsive Therapy,” 1036.
142
The Hungarian missed no opportunity
: von Meduna, “The Significance of the Convulsive Reaction.”
142
a vast anti-Semitic conspiracy
: Shorter and Healy,
Shock Therapy,
20.
142
His technique was simple
: Shorter,
History of Psychiatry
, 218.
142
“not using the much simpler method”
: Quoted in Shorter and Healy,
Shock Therapy
, 35.
142
no one raised an objection
: Shorter,
History of Psychiatry
, 219.
143
a pair of electrified forceps
: Impastatao, “Story of the First Electroshock Treatment,” 1113.
143
the seizure-inducing dose
: Shorter and Healy,
Shock Therapy
, 36.
143
“calm, well oriented”
: Ibid., 37–42.
143
A new word entered the Italian language
: Ibid., 44.
144
even Meduna hailed
: Jessner and Ryan,
Shock Treatment
, xiv.
144
“Our patients seem”
: Shorter and Healy,
Shock Therapy
, 73.
144
“driv[ing] the Devil out of our patients”
: Ibid., 30.
144
“bedevil the psychotic”
: Jessner and Ryan,
Shock Treatment
, xi.