Master of the Senate (242 page)

Adding new names:
The shifting of votes during the negotiations over Part IV is based on articles in “general background” note for Chapter 36; on Evans and Novak,
LBJ: Exercise
, pp. 133–39; Mann, pp. 206–17; Miller,
Lyndon
, pp. 209–10; on Cooper, Horwitz, Reedy, Rauh, Shuman, Siegel OHs; and on the author’s interviews with Carver, Fensterwald, Ward Hower, Jenkins, McCulloch, Rauh, Reedy, Schnibbe, Shuman, and Steele.
Tally sheets:
Evans and Novak,
LBJ: Exercise
, p. 138.

“If I take”:
Reedy interview.

Remedy an injustice:
A good summary is Kefauver,
CR
, 85/1, p. 12820.
Drafting:
Horwitz, Siegel OHs.
Johnson says:
Reedy interview.
“Is there”:
Douglas,
CR
, 85/1, p. 12818.

“In
any
”:
“
PART V. AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL CRIMINAL CODE
…. Sec. 391,”
CR
, 85/1, p. 12819.

As Emily Post:
For example, Johnson said, “This issue will … require the careful analysis of thoughtful, reasoning men. Never before have I seen in the Senate a debate which has contributed so much to the understanding … the finest the Senate has ever had” (
CR
, 85/1, 12651). And see
CR
, 85/1, pp. 11623, 13165; and Drummond,
NYHT
, July 15;
NYHT
, July 14, 17, 18;
NYT
, July 13, 14, 23;
W P, WS
, July 14;
Philadelphia Inquirer
, July 16. And see Mann, p. 204.

“If we’re going to”; “Be ready”:
McPherson, p. 145.
“We have to”: “I’m on”:
Parker,
Capitol Hill
, p. 81.
“You always”; “my ass”:
Baker,
Wheeling and Dealing
, p. 92.
“You can”:
Reedy OH XI; Reedy interview.
“We’ve got”:
Baker, p. 145.
“A religious leader”:
Parker, p. 79.
“If we don’t allow”:
Siegel, quoted in Miller,
Lyndon
, p. 209; Reedy interview.
“These Negroes”:
Goodwin,
Lyndon Johnson
, p. 148.
Playing on Wisconsin fears:
Edelstein to Lehman, Aug. 28, Lehman Special File 727, Lehman Papers, HHLP, CU.
“They’ll get us”:
Bethine Church interview.
“Look”:
Siegel OH I V.
“Jim East-land knows”:
Pearson,
W P
, undated.
“Yes, yes, Hubert”:
Humphrey, quoted in Miller, p. 371.

“Let me”; “I remember”:
Pearson,
WP
, July 19.
“Goddamnit”:
Schnibbe interview.
“A grave mistake”:
Schnibbe interview.
“Look”:
Siegel OH.
“Out of both”; “he would tell”:
McPherson OH.
“He made them”:
Yarborough interview.
“You can’t”:
Rauh OH; Rauh interview.

Tally sheet:
Evans and Novak, p. 138.
“Twice daily”:
Fleeson,
WS
, Aug. 5.
Johnson knew:
Reston,
NYT
, Aug. 3.

Niagara bill:
Miller,
Lyndon
, p. 206.
“Without adequate,” etc.:
CR
, 85/1, pp. 10985, 10986. Also see pp. 12979–980.

Using his health:
“Johnson has privately told at least two other senators that he will not run for re-election in 1960 because of his health. He becomes so tense and excited after a week of maneuvering that he is unable to sleep more than three or four hours a night. This, after his serious heart attack a year ago, has forced his decision.” Tris Coffin, “How Lyndon Johnson Engineered Compromise on Civil Rights Bill,”
New Leader
, Aug. 5.
“Ah don’t”:
Johnson’s wording on this page is recreated from recollections by people who heard him speak at the time, particularly Reedy, Schnibbe and Steele, and from the wording he used in conversations on the same subjects over the telephone during his presidency, as transcribed by Michael Beschloss in
Taking Charge
.
“He made you”:
Fensterwald interview.
“I’ll have to”:
John Sherman Cooper OH.
“Well, you”:
Ward Hower interview.
“I can see him”:
Baker,
Wheeling and Dealing
, p. 145.
“He would”:
McPherson, p. 146.
Holding Kefauver:
Dixon, Aug. 1, Box 2042, JSP.

July 26 Southern Caucus; White House meeting:
LMS, Box 2, DDEL;
Time
, July 29;
Baltimore Sun, NYHT, NYP, WP
, July 27.
“To the end”; “he meant”:
NYT
, July 27.
“A jury trial”:
Knowland,
NYT
, July 27.

“Would prevent”:
Carey to Johnson, Kefauver, O’Mahoney, July 27,
CR
, 85/1, pp. 12874–875.
Reedy told; “Here is the situation”:
Reedy to Johnson, July 29, Box 418, JSP.
“Iron determination”:
“Statement by the AFL-CIO Executive Committee on Civil Rights Legislation,” July 30,
CR
, 85/1, pp. 12998–999.
Not “found a soul”:
Humphrey, quoted in
NYP
, July 28.

“Might be difficult”:
Evans,
NYHT
, July 28; in the
NYT
, July 28, John D. Morris wrote “Stiffening opposition to any jury-trial provision in the Administration’s civil rights bill threatened today to delay
indefinitely
[italics added] a decision on the provision. Earlier prospects of a vote Tuesday on that phase of the civil rights controversy appeared to have all but vanished.…” The
Washington Star
reported (July 29) that “The possibility of a filibuster was increased today.”
“Haven’t got”:
Humphrey, qouted in
NYT
, July 29.
Knowland said:
NYT
, July 28.
“Extraordinary”:
Fleeson,
WS
, July 30.
“I can’t say”:
Russell, quoted in
W P
, July 28.

“I hope”:
Clark,
CR
, 85/1, p. 13294.
Javits:
CR
, 85/1, pp. 12892–899.
Murray:
CR
, 85/1, p. 13298.
“He taunted”:
Mann, p. 211.

“Open Letter”:
W P
, July 30.

Tuskegee hearing:
Described in
NYP, WP
, July 31.
Effect of hearing on senators:
WP
, July 31; McCulloch interviews.
Polk Manders:
Russell,
CR
, 85/1, p. 12980.
Javits, Douglas, Russell exchanges:
CR
, 85/1, pp. 12983–986.
“Tore the mask”:
Shannon,
NYP
, July 31.
“The Senator … points”:
Russell,
CR
, 85/1, p. 12986.
Angry scene on Senate floor:
CR
, 85/1, pp. 12993–994.
Described in three vivid columns:
Fleeson, McGrory,
WS;
Shannon,
NYP
, all July 31.

Small Business Administration request:
W P, NYT
, July 31.
“Suddenly”:
Fleeson, “Senate Debate Back to Normal,”
WS
, July 31.
“The prisoner”:
Kempton, “Changing of the Guard,”
NYP
, July 30.

“Any labor guy”:
Reedy to Johnson, July 29, Box 418, JSP; Mann, pp. 211–12; Evans and Novak, p. 137; Cater, “How the Senate Passed the Civil-Rights Bill,”
The Reporter
, Sept. 5; Reedy interview.
Brotherhoods’ prejudice:
Foner,
Black Worker
, p. 166; Ferguson
to Fleete, Sept. 29, “Switchmen’s Union of North America Records, 1894–1971,” Collection No. 5034, Box 254, Kheel Center, Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations;
Cleveland News
, Sept. 27;
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, Sept. 28. This does not apply, needless to say, to A. Philip Randolph’s Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
Railroad lobbyists:
Newsweek
, Aug. 12.
Johnson understood:
Reedy interview; Mann, p. 212, notes that “The railroad lobbyists were particularly effective with midwestern Republicans.”
Brotherhoods’ political power:
Curtis, Hradko, Kennedy, Mahoney interviews; Catton and Link,
American Epoch
, p. 58; Seidman,
Brotherhood
, pp. 2–4.
Telephoned Anderson:
Pearson,
W P
, Aug. 8.

UMW bitterness:
Mann, p. 212;
WS
, Aug. 1; Hopkins interview.
Telephoned Hopkins:
LBJ Desk Diary; Pearson,
W P
, Aug. 8; Hopkins interview.
UMW telegram:
CR
, 85/1, p. 13015.
“Had never”:
CR
, 85/1, p. 13015. Evans and Novak accepted Johnson’s contention, calling Lewis’ telegram “unsolicited” (p. 137).
“Saw to it”:
Reston,
NYT
, Aug. 3. And see Pearson,
WP
, Aug. 8.
Neely’s change:
Roy Wilkins to Elmer A. Carter (chairman, N.Y. State Commission Against Discrimination), Sept. 5, 1957, NAACPP III A 71, CR, LC.
“Labor”:
Fortune
, June 1957.

Church and Johnson:
Interviews with Bethine Church, and Church aides John A. Carver, Ward and Phyllis Hower.

“I understand”; “Senator Sunday School”:
Ashby and Gramer,
Fighting the Odds
, p. 73. “Journalists in the press gallery made up a little ditty: ‘His name is Church, but if age was the rule, we’d call him Senator Sunday School.’”
“Bursting”:
Ashby and Gramer, p. 32.
“Longest-running”:
Wether-all, quoted by Ashby and Gramer, p. 101.

Bethine in Washington; “deep freeze”:
Bethine Church interview.
“It was”; “Long memory”:
Carver interview.
“Pariah”:
Bethine Church, quoted in Ashby and Gramer, p.78. “For the next six months,” Church himself said, “he [Johnson] never spoke to me. He said nothing to me that was insulting. He just simply ignored me. When I was present with other senators, he talked to the other senators. It was clear to me that I was
persona non grata
with Lyndon Johnson” (Miller, p. 210).

“Only”:
Ward Hower interview.
“One night”:
Bethine Church interview.
Vote … but:
Ashby and Gramer, p. 87.
Church’s attitude on filibusters:
Bethine Church, Phyllis Hower, Ward Hower interviews.
“Looking”; “I don’t think”:
Ward Hower interview, and quoted in Ashby and Gramer, p. 96.
Whispering to O’Mahoney:
CR
, 85/1, p. 12819.
“You’re a senator”:
Bethine Church interview.
Church’s idea:
Mann, p. 213; Bethine Church interview.

Drafting, discarding, refining amendment:
Bethine Church, Ward Hower, Siegel interviews; Horwitz, Siegel OHs.
Appealed to northern liberals:
Newsweek, Time
, Aug. 12; Roy Wilkins to William Walker, Aug. 19; Wilkins to C. B. Powell of
Amsterdam News
, Aug. 20, NAACP III, Box A 73, NAACPP, LC;
WP
, Aug. 1, 2.
“They didn’t”; “symbolic”:
Carver, Ward Hower interviews.

Told him to wait:
Church OH.
“No chance”:
Reedy interview;
Newsweek, Time
, Aug. 12.
Knowland’s refusal:
CR
, 85/1, July 31, pp. 13111, 13112.
Three agreements; Russell objecting:
CR
, 85/1, pp. 13128–132.

Anderson in Johnson’s office:
Reedy interview.
Embodied:
“One of the most unusual aspects …,” Reedy to Johnson, Aug. 1, Box 420, JSP.

Retirement benefits; suddenly:
Newsweek
, Aug. 12; Shannon,
NYP
, Aug. 2.
“The lines”:
July 31, ACWD, Telephone Calls, Box 25, DDEL.
“Dramatic switches”:
WP
, Aug. 2.
Schoeppel’s judgeship:
Cater,
The Reporter
, Sept. 5; Pearson,
W P
, Aug. 17.
“Wobbly”:
Evans and Novak, p. 137.
Pastore swayed:
Reston,
NYT
, Aug. 3.

The drama:
Descriptions of it are in Mann, pp. 213–14;
Time
and
Newsweek
, Aug. 12; Stewart Alsop, “Who Really Won,”
NYHT
, Aug. 5; Shannon,
NYP
, Aug. 2. And in Frank Church, Horwitz OHs; and in interviews with Bethine Church, Rauh, Reedy, Rogers. It is in
CR
, 85/1, pp. 13137–53, 13234–96, 13306–56.
A full house:
Ashby and Gramer, p. 89.
“Frank looked”:
Bethine Church interview.
“East Lynne?”:
Neuberger, quoted in
Newsweek
, Aug. 12.
“Like a wave”:
Bethine Church interview.
“What John Pastore”:
Horwitz OH.
“Feign”; “the impact”:
Mann, p. 214.
“All of this”:
Horwitz OH.
“Actually changed”:
Reedy,
LBJ
, p. 119.
Lewis’ telegram:
CR
, 85/1, p. 13015.
“I’ve got them”:
Hopkins OH.

“At least thirty-nine”:
Knowland, quoted in
Time
, Aug. 12; Cater,
The Reporter
, Sept. 5. Nixon, who was still getting his information from Knowland, gave the same figures to Marquis Childs, and Childs reported that “Nixon is confident that 39 or 40 of the 47 Republicans will vote against the amendment” (
SLP-D
, Aug. 1). And see
NYP
, Aug. 2.