Authors: Howard Fast
Fred Feldman, on the other hand, wore his heart on his sleeve, a small, round teddy bear of a man who loved Max and tried to protect him. He understood the strange innocence beneath Max's tough, street-wise shell, a knowledge neither Bellamy nor Stein shared. Stein was a hungry man, hungry eyes, hungry hands â too smart to be a bookkeeper, but too crude to have been much more until Max hired him. He had a narrow hatchet of a face, heavy brows, and a habit of plucking hairs from his nose. Sally detested him, and when he joined the others at the table, Sally prepared to retreat.
âPlease stay,' Max asked her.
âCan she handle cigar smoke?' Bert wanted to know. Max brought out a humidor, and suddenly it was all very much like a dream, this group of men who worked for him sitting in a woodpaneled dining room around a substantial oak table, lighting twenty-five-cent cigars of the finest Havana leaf while he poured brandy from a cut-glass carafe. Beyond the dream, it made little sense, and even the ominous future spelled out by Stanford and Calvin could not fix it to reality.
âMax?' Sally said.
They were watching him as he stood motionless, the brandy carafe in his hand.
âThinking,' he said.
âI like cigar smoke,' Sally said. âOtherwise I'd move out.'
âNobody likes it. You endure it.'
Then they fell silent and watched Max, who seated himself gingerly, as if the unsubstantial aspect of reality had infected everything in the house.
He was Max Britsky. The past was very close to him, the past of poverty and indignity and filth and roaches and the stink of urine pervading the tenement on Henry Street, and here he was, the past much more real than this present. He had never really conquered the curse of the inarticulate; he was full of anger and frustration and fear, and he could not verbalize any of it, not even to himself. He was still a lousy little kike. That was how the uptown Jews put it; if your name ended with a
ky
, such as Britsky did, they took the
ky
and made it a designation and a curse, turning it into kike. To the white Protestants who ran things, he was an upstart Jew bastard.
He looked around and there was Sally, standing tentatively at one end of the big table. âFor God's sake, sit down!' he snapped at her; and then she sat down, wondering what she had done to make him, angry, but Max said apologetically, âOh, hell. I'm sorry. Those two bastards kicked my belly in.'
âMax,' Fred Feldman asked, âis there no other source for moving pictures?'
âSure. They make some here and there. That don't help us. We got over thirty outlets. And if National's pictures stink, which they do, what do you expect from the others?' He turned to Snyder. âSam, can we make pictures ourselves?'
âMaybe.'
âWhat does maybe mean?'
âIt means that those bastards at National can tie us up pretty damn good' â turning to Sally â âIf you'll forgive my language, Mrs Britsky. They're tied in with Edison and Eastman, and once they saw us beginning to buy film and cameras, they'd crack down.'
âNot to mention how long it would take,' Jake Stein said. âThe houses are half empty now. Let them sit empty for a month, and maybe we couldn't survive.'
âWhat do you mean, maybe? Everyone's got a maybe. Could we or couldn't we survive?'
âI don't know, Max. I'd have to sit down with the books and do some very careful figuring. I also need decisions. Who do we keep on payroll and who do we lay off? We got doormen, ushers, janitors, projectionists, ticket sellers â a whole army of people. And it wouldn't be only a month. How long does it take to make a moving picture? We got rentals to meet and maybe taxes.'
âI hate to throw cold water on things,' Fred Feldman said, âbut I listen to you talking and I think of something else. You asked Jake the wrong question. You ask him how long we can survive if the houses are dark â'
âWhat's the right question?' Max snapped.
âYou should ask him how long we can survive the way things are right now. Five years ago, the movies were so new and improbable that people didn't object to looking at some stupid film that showed a dog standing on his hind legs and begging for food. Anyway, a nickel was not so much to pay, and for a dime a mother could get an hour of relief from three kids, but when you charge twenty-five cents in your theatres, the people want something in return.'
âCome on,' Max said, âwe show better than a dog begging. What about the
Fireman
and
The Great Train Robbery?
'
âHow many times can you show
The Great Train Robbery
and expect people to pay for it? The other stuff we show is boring trash. None of it makes any sense. So even if we make moving pictures, if they're the kind of pictures National makes, we're out of business.'
âDo you agree with him?' Max asked Snyder.
âWell, I guess so.'
âHe's right about the attendance figures,' Bert Bellamy said. âThey keep dropping. It's not so noticeable in the nickelodeons, but in the theatres we're being hit below the belt. We're just about breaking even, and whatever profits show come from the nickelodeons.'
âI can't believe it,' Max said. âI just can't believe that I hear what you're saying. You're telling me that moving pictures are just a passing fad. No! I don't believe that! Moving pictures are the greatest thing that ever happened in the entertainment industry. You're so damn smart, Fred, tell me something. How come in the uptown theatres where they show Shaw and Shakespeare and stuff like that â and a lot of it ain't Shakespeare but just garbage, from what Sally tells me â their houses are full and they're turning people away?'
âAsk Sally,' Fred replied.
They all turned toward Sally, who nodded and said, âYes, that's so. I tried to get tickets to
Hedda Gabler
, which opened last week, but they're sold out weeks in advance. And it isn't only because Nazimova is playing Hedda. It's because Ibsen tells a wonderful story about a woman and tries to explain why she does what she does.'
âPut it down on Houston Street and it closes in twenty-four hours,' Max said.
âI'm not saying that
Hedda Gabler
is the thing for film. I just feel that almost everything you show, even
The Great Train Robbery
, is utterly pointless. You have no story and you never really grip the audience. There's a thing you learn about when you take a drama course. It's called empathy, and it means to make the audience feel and suffer what the actor is feeling and suffering. That's something that exists in every good stage play, but one never feels it in those awful motion pictures.'
There was a long moment of silence. Max had never heard Sally assert herself in such terms, and on her part, Sally was overcome with a wave of embarrassment that made her wish she could retreat into invisibility. But Sam Snyder, groping for words, shook one stubby finger at Sally and said, âYou're absolutely right, Mrs Britsky. You need a story. My wife always says the same thing. But in a moving picture, nobody says anything. That's the difference between film and the theatre, and how can you tell a story that will really grab people without words? I was reading that new book of O. Henry's, and he really does it. Great stories, just great, and all about the city here â but words. He couldn't tell any story without words. He calls it
The Four Million
â four million stories to tell right here in New York.'
âThat ain't what moving pictures are for,' Jake Stein said.
Feldman nodded at him. âSuddenly you're an expert on moving pictures.'
âI'd like to hear what Sally has to say,' Bert Bellamy told them. âAt least she's done some thinking about this.'
âI'm less of an expert than even Mr Stein,' Sally protested. âAt least he knows the business. I only see the pictures.'
âI think you know more than any of us,' Snyder said. âAt least you're in front of the screen, Mrs Britsky. We're all behind the projector.'
âWell, yes, I do think about it a great deal, and I do think there is a way to tell a story with words, even though you can't hear what anyone says. I got my idea from the French moving picture makers, who break up the picture with cards. For example, they will show you a picture of a steel mill, and then they photograph a lettered card which says, “A steel mill on the banks of the Rhone” â or something.'
âWe do the same thing,' Max said.
âYes, sometimes. They use it more. But I was thinking of carrying it one step further. Suppose Mr Snyder here is a character in a story, and in the story he says to his wife, “Let's go out for a walk, my dear.” You photograph him saying those words, and as soon as he has completed the statement, you cut the film and insert a card with the words lettered on it.'
âWait a minute,' Fred Feldman said. âI lost that somewhere. Would you do it again.'
His eyes closed, Snyder had his hands up in front of him. âI'm trying to visualise it. Wouldn't the card have to come before he speaks?'
âOh, no After. Mr Feldman, this way. Watch me, and I say, “I think it would work.” But you're watching a picture of me without any sound, and then I think you would remember the picture while you read the card.'
âBut, Sally,' Max said, âsuppose you could do it that way. Most of the people who buy tickets in our houses can't read.'
âNot most of them,' Bellamy protested. âAnd if some kid is there with his mother, he can read her the cards.'
âYou'd have a racket.'
âNo, let's not get into that. I want to know how Sally would project that through a whole story,' Max said.
âMax, I haven't really thought this whole thing through, and I must confess that I did a good deal of the thinking just sitting here tonight. It would have to be a very simple story, and I don't think we'd have to have cards for everything. Suppose you and I, we were having a terrible fight and screaming at each other â'
âWe don't scream at each other,' Max interrupted. âI don't want anyone to get that idea.'
âI'm just trying to make a point. Of course we don't, but suppose the people in the story do. We could show them screaming and waving their arms. I don't think we'd have to put every word on cards. I'm not sure, but I don't think so.'
âHow long would such a film have to run?' Sam Snyder asked.
âI don't know. I never gave that any thought.'
âIf it was a real story.' Bellamy said, âyou couldn't tell it in much less than an hour, and if this card thing worked -Well, you need time to read. Most people don't read quick.'
âMost don't read at all.'
âI don't see anything like that,' Stein said. âIt just sounds crazy, somebody talking and then the words printed out later.'
âThat's the trouble,' said Snyder. âI just can't put the two together, somebody talking and then the words. Suppose somebody pulls a gun and says, “Hands up!” There's a card. Then the other guy says, “No, sir, I am not putting my hands up.” Then we need another card, and this first fellow with the gun, he shoots the other man, but when? While we're reading the card?'
âWhat about that, Sally?' Max asked.
âI think you're making a simple thing needlessly complex. You remember that little picture we had about Baby Lou, four or five years ago. You remember, she falls asleep, and then the dog barks, and they put in a card that said, “The dog's barking awakens Baby Lou.” Well, all they had to print on that card was “Bow, wow, wow.” It would be the same. The truth is that people have been reading cards for years, but no one ever thought of using the cards for dialogue.' She looked from face to face, and then she got up and said, âGive me a minute, please,' and ran from the room.
âWhat do you think?' Max asked them.
âI'm trying to visualise it,' Feldman said.
âIt might just work,' Snyder said.
âThat's one smart lady,' Bellamy agreed, âonly it's out of the question. It's impossible.'
âWhy?'
âWe got over thirty houses. It would take two, three months to make one moving picture the way Sally thinks it should be made, maybe an hour and a half of film. And to make ten, twenty of them â it would close us down.'
Max shook his head. âSchmuck,' he said.
âWhat do you mean, schmuck?'
âBy schmuck I mean schmuck, plain, simple English. Maybe what Sally wants to do is crazy, but if we can do it, we don't need no thirty moving pictures. We need one, and then I have the laboratory make me thirty copies. We open every house with the same picture.'
âAnd where do we get an audience for every night and every house with the same picture?'
âFrom the three and a half, maybe three and three-quarters million people in this city who never saw a moving picture. From all the uptown Yankees who tell us that moving pictures are all right for Jews and Micks and Eyetalians and Krauts who can't read anyway, but not for classy blueblood Americans. Because when you come to think about, Sally's right. We show stupid crap. The moving picture is maybe the greatest invention Edison ever put together, and all we do with it is show them eight-hundred-foot schmuck pieces with magicians making birds and rabbits come and go until you never want to see a bird again, and then a runaway horse or a runaway train or a runaway automobile. I read where
Caesar and Cleopatra
opens last week and they're selling one hundred and fifty standing room for every performance. You tell me, Bert â how much standing room you sold in the Bijou this year?'
âTalk some sense, Max. They're standing for
Caesar and Cleopatra
because it's the newest Shaw play. What do we do â commission Shaw to write for the nickelodeons?'
Sally returned to the room. She held a thin sheaf of cardboards in her hand, and she took a place at one end of the table. âI'm going to try a little experiment,' she said. âPlease bear with me. It will only take a minute or two.'