Milosevic (64 page)

21.
Sell, op. cit., p. 233.

22.
ibid.

23.
ibid.

24.
Slobodan Milosevic, in Laura Silber, ‘Milosevic Family Values',
New Republic
, 30 August 1999.

25.
Charles Lane and Tom Shanker, ‘Bosnia: What the CIA didn't tell Us',
New York Review of Books
, 9 May 1996.

26.
Roy Gutman, ‘Big Atrocity; Serb militia chief said to have role',
Newsday
, 8 August 1995.

27.
Richard Holbrooke, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

28.
Haris Siladzic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

29.
David Austin, author interview, Zagreb, September 2001.

30.
Momir Bulatovic, Slobodan Milosevic and Patriarch Pavle, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

31.
Louis Sell notes, ‘The contents and tone of Mladic's message raised serious questions in the mind of those who read it about the Bosnian Serb commander's grip on reality'. Sell, op. cit., p. 248.

32.
Richard Holbrooke, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

33.
Momir Bulatovic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

34.
Hrvoje Sarinic, author interview, Samobor, Croatia, September 2001.

35.
Richard Holbrooke,
To End A War
(New York: Random House, The Modern Library, 1999), p. 160. Interestingly, Holbrooke admits he later had doubts as to the wisdom of this decision. On pp. 166–7 he writes: ‘But I am no longer certain we were right to oppose an attack on Banja Luka. Had we known that the Bosnian Serbs would have been able to defy or ignore so many of the key political provisions of the peace agreement in 1996 and 1997, the negotiating team might not have opposed such an attack.'

36.
Richard Holbrooke, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

Chapter 20

1.
Haris Siladzic quoting Slobodan Milosevic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

2.
Slobodan Milosevic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

3.
Richard Holbrooke,
To End A War
(New York: Random House, The Modern Library, 1999). The author has drawn on Holbrooke's account for many of the details of the Dayton conference.

4.
ibid., p. 244.

5.
ibid., p. 245.

6.
Haris Silajdzic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

7.
Richard Holbrooke, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

8.
Holbrooke, op. cit., p. 285.

9.
Senior US official, author interview, November 2001

10.
David Austin, author interview, Zagreb, September 2001.

11.
Holbrooke, op. cit., p. 288.

12.
Richard Holbrooke, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

13.
Haris Silajdzic quoting Slobodan Milosevic, in ‘Pax Americana',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode six.

14.
US official, author interview, November 2001.

15.
Mira Markovic, author interview, Belgrade, March 2002.

16.
Graham Blewitt, deputy prosecutor at the ICTY in The Hague, May 2002.

Chapter 21

1.
William Shakespeare,
Macbeth
, Act 1, scene 5, ll. 72–4.

2.
Richard Holbrooke,
To End a War
(New York: Random House, The Modern Library, 1999) p. 322. Holbrooke adds that President Clinton was ‘cool and slightly distant'.

3.
Transcript of conversation on 13 January 1996, as recorded by the Croatian Secret Service, printed in
Globus
magazine 1 February 2002.

4.
ibid.

5.
Serbs who make a pilgrimage to the holy sites of the Orthodox church in the Middle East preface their name with ‘Hadzi', just as Muslims who travel to Mecca add the word ‘Hajji' to their name.

6.
Globus
magazine, 1 February 2002.

7.
Dayton guaranteed free passage all over the country, but for some time UN troops guarded the crossings between the Croat-Muslim Federation and Republika Srpska. The border was known as the ‘Inter-ethnic boundary line'.

8.
The ICTY was established by UN Security Council resolution 827 in May 1993. Its authority is to prosecute four clusters of offences committed on the territory of the former Yugoslavia (i.e. the six federal republics) since 1991: 1) Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions; 2) Violations of the laws or customs of war; 3) Genocide; 4) Crimes against humanity.

9.
See the essay on Todorovic at the excellent website
Free Serbia: Other voices from Serbia
(
www.xs4all.nl
). The name Kundak comes from a description Todorovic gave of a barnstorming political speech to which he had listened. He described the peroration as a
kundacenje
, beating someone with a rifle butt.

10.
Mihailo Markovic, in Robert Thomas,
Serbia under Milosevic
(London Hurst and Company, 2000), p. 246.

11.
Slavoljub Djukic,
Milosevic and Markovic: A Lust for Power
(Montreal and London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001), p. 110.

12.
Thomas, op. cit., p. 231.

13.
Serbian Public Revenue Agency,
The Seven Biggest Robberies of the Milosevic Regime
, p. 29.

14. See, for example, Francis Wheen, ‘How our politicians helped keep the butcher of the Balkans in power',
Bosnia Report
, New Series No. 19/20, October 2000 or Noel Malcolm,
Daily Mail
, 6 November 1996.

15.
ibid., p. 46.

16.
David Leigh and Ed Vulliamy,
Sleaze: The Corruption of Parliament
(London: Fourth Estate, 1997), p. 110. This book has a detailed account of the work of the Serb lobby in Britain, and its links to the Conservative Party.

17.
David Owen, in ‘A Safe Area',
The Death of Yugoslavia
, episode five.

18.
Simms, op. cit., p. 176. Simms quotes from Gen. Sir Michael Rose's memoirs,
Fighting for Peace: Bosnia 1994
(London: The Harvill Press, 1998), p. 18.

19.
See Ian Traynor, ‘Serbs question Hurd's role in helping regime',
Guardian
, 2 July 2001.

20.
Braca Grubacic, author interview, Belgrade, March 2002.

21.
Thomas, op. cit., p. 287.

22.
High level source, author interview, March 2002.

23.
ibid.

24.
Laura Silber, ‘Milosevic Family Values',
New Republic
, 30 August 1999.

25.
Thomas, op. cit. p. 305.

26.
ibid., p. 308.

Chapter 22

1. William Shakespeare,
Macbeth
, Act 1, scene 2, l. 36.

2.
See Michael Dobbs, ‘The Crash of Yugoslavia's Money Man',
Washington Post
, 29 November 2000.

3.
Globus
magazine, 1 February 2002.

4.
ibid.

5.
Free Serbia,
All the President's Dead Men
, ‘Radovan Stojicic Badza 1951–1997',
www.xs4all.nl/freeserb/feuilleton/e-index.html

6.
Former regime sinder, author interview, 2001. See also the report on the hearings of the Federal Yugoslav Parliament committee, chaired by Vojislav Seselj, investigating the 2002 killing of the former federal defence minister Pavle Bulatovic. Transcripts of the hearings were published in book form by the Serbian Radical Party in Belgrade, January 2002. The book includes some of the testimony of former intelligence chief Rade Markovic, in which he talks about Radovan Stojicic and the tobacco trade.

7.
Investigating Commission of Economic and Financial Abuses of the Milosevic Regime (ICEFA),
The Seven Biggest Robberies of the Milosevic Regime
, p. 28.

8.
Slavoljub Djukic,
Milosevic and Markovic: A Lust for Power
(Montreal and London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001), p. 98.

9.
Douglas Hurd, letter to
The Times
, 6 February 1997.

10.
Globus
magazine, 15 February 2002.

11.
Dusan Mitevic, author interviews, Budapest, autumn 2001–spring 2002.

12.
Globus
magazine, 1 February 2002.

13.
Free Serbia, op. cit.,
www.xs4all.nl/freeserb/feuilleton/e-index.html

14.
Federation of American Scientists,
Intelligence Resource Programme
,
www.fas.org/irp/world/serbia/cfs.htm

15.
Many believed that the real reason Arkan set up shop in Pristina was to take his cut of the smuggling rackets. None the less, the fear his men inspired was real enough.

16.
The KLA was not the only armed faction, but it was the main one. Nor was it a cohesive, organised force, especially in the early days.

17.
The praise was for backing the supposedly ‘moderate' faction of the Bosnian Serb leadership, led by Biljana Plavsic, against Radovan Karadzic. Just how moderate Plavsic is will be examined at her trial for war crimes and genocide at the ICTY.

18.
Tim Judah,
The Serbs
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 138.

19.
Mira Markovic,
Night and Day
(Kingston, Ont.: Quarry Press, 1996), p. 242.

20.
General Klaus Naumann, author interview, Budapest, March 2002.

21.
Boris Yeltsin, in Louis Sell,
Slobodan Milosevic and the Death of Yugoslavia
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002), p. 286.

22.
Tim Judah, op. cit., p. 166.

23.
Louis Sell, op. cit., p. 289

24.
General Wesley K. Clark,
Waging Modern War
, (New York: Public Affairs, 2001) p. 150.

25.
ibid.

26.
ibid., pp. 153–54

27.
General Klaus Naumann, author interview, Budapest, March 2002.

28.
Milosevic indictments. IT-02-54.

29.
General Klaus Naumann, author interview, Budapest, March 2002.

30.
Slavoljub Djukic, op. cit., p. 113.

Chapter 23

1.
Vasko Popa, ‘The Warriors of the Blackbird's Fields' (London: Anvil Press, 1996).

2.
Investigating Commission of Economic and Financial Abuses of the Milosevic Regime (ICEFA),
The Seven Biggest Swindles of the Milosevic Regime
, p. 37.

3.
General Klaus Naumann, author interview, Budapest, March 2002.

4.
Tim Judah,
Kosovo: War and Revenge
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 158.

5.
Louis Sell,
Slobodan Milosevic and the Death of Yugoslavia
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002), p. 297.

6.
ibid, p. 300.

7.
Mira Markovic,
Hard Talk
, BBC Television, 3 September 2001.

8.
Tim Judah, op. cit., p. 227.

9.
Jane Perlez, ‘Purges Hint at the Beginning of the End for Milosevic',
New York Times
, 29 November 1998.

10.
Slobodan Milosevic indictments. IT-02-04. ‘Kosovo', Count One, deportation, paragraph 63.

11.
Tim Judah, op. cit., p. 241

12.
Michael Montgomery and Stephen Smith, transcripts of their interviews for
All Things Considered
, broadcast on US National Public Radio on 25 October 1999, are available at
www.americanradioworks.org/features/kosovo/more1.htm
.

13.
Senior British diplomat, author interview, 2001.

14.
Louis Sell, op. cit., p. 312.

15.
Mira Markovic (to come).

16.
Robert Block, ‘Milosevic's Cronies Struggle for Removal from Blacklist',
Wall Street Journal
, 1 October 1999.

17.
ICEFA, op. cit., p. 39.

18.
Robert Block, op. cit.

19.
Jelena Grujic, ‘Milosevic wields Psychic Weapon', Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 1999.

20.
Blaine Harden, ‘The Milosevic Generation',
New York Times Magazine
, 29 August 1999.

21.
Graham Blewitt, author interview, The Hague, May 2002.

22.
Senior British diplomat, author interview, November 2001.

Chapter 24

1.
Leon Trotsky, in Gordon G. Chang,
The Coming Collapse of China
(London: Century, 2001).

2.
Douglas Waller, ‘Tearing Down Milosevic',
Time Magazine
, 12 July 1999.

3.
Adam LeBor, ‘Blair tells Serbians to Overthrow Milosevic's “corrupt dictatorship”',
Independent
, 5 May 1999.

4.
Senior British diplomat, author interview, November 2001.

5.
Senior US official, author interview, May 2002.

6.
Braca Grubacic, author interview, Belgrade, March 2002. Launched in 1993, the
VIP
newsletter – full name
VIP Daily News Report
– is an authoritative daily English-language press digest of the Serbian media, published by Braca Grubacic. Both
VIP
and Grubacic are well-regarded by journalists and academics alike.