Modern Times: The World From the Twenties to the Nineties (158 page)

123 John Darwin,’Imperialism in Decline? Tendencies in British Imperial Policy between the Wars’,
Cambridge Historical Journal
, XXXII (1980), 657–79.

124 Barnett, op. cit., 252.

125
R.W.Curry
,
Woodrow Wilson and Far Eastern Policy 1913–1921
(New York 1957).

126 H.C.Allen,
The Anglo-American Relationship since 1783
(London 1959).

127 Microfilm, AR/195/76 US Navy Operational Archives, Historical Section, Washington Navy Yard, Washington DC.

128 Barnett, op. cit., 252–65.

129 Vincent Massey,
What’s Past is Prologue
(London 1963), 242.

130 H.C.Allen, op. cit., 737.

131 Gilbert,
Churchill
, v 69–70.

132 Barnett, op. cit., 217–18.

133 Gilbert,
Churchill
, v, (Companion Volume) Part I, 303–7.

5 An Infernal Theocracy, a Celestial Chaos

1 L.Mosley,
Hirohito: Emperor of Japan
(London 1966), 2, 21, 23 footnote.

2 David James,
The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire
(London 1951), 175.

3 See Kurt Singer,
Mirror, Sword and Jewel: a study of Japanese characteristics
(London 1973), 98–100.

4 Fosco Maraini,
Japan: Patterns of Continuity
(Palo Alto 1971), 191.

5 Chie Nakane,
Japanese Society
(London 1970), 149.

6 George Macklin Wilson, ‘Time and History in Japan’, in Special Issue, ‘Across Cultures: Meiji Japan and the Western World’,
American Historical Review
, June 1980, 557–72.

7 Singer, op. cit., 147; Tetsuro Watsuji, A
Climate: a Philosophical Study
(Tokyo 1961).

8 W.G.Beasley,
The Modem History of Japan
(London 1963 ed.), 212–17.

9 Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow (eds),
Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey
(Princeton 1964).

10 Singer, op. cit., 57–8, 71ff.

11 I. Nitobe,
Bushido
(London 1907); see also Sir George Sansom,
Japan: a short cultural history
(New York 1943), 495.

12 B.Hall Chamberlain,
Things Japanese
(London 1927), 564.

13 In William Stead (ed.),
Japan by the Japanese
(London 1904), 266, 279.

14 Ito Hirobumi, ‘Some Reminiscences’ in S.Okuma (ed.),
Fifty Years of New Japan, 2
vols (London 1910), I 127.

15 Chie Nakane,
Kinship and Economic Organization in Rural Japan
(London 1967); and his
Japanese Society
(London 1970).

16 Ozaki Yukio,
The Voice of Japanese Democracy
(Yokohama 1918), 90f.

17 Beasley, op. cit., 226–7.

18 A.M. Young,
Japan under Taisho Tenno
(London 1928), 280.

19 Beasley, op. cit., 237–9.

20 James, op. cit., 162.

21 Hugh Byas,
Government by Assassination
(London 1943), 173–92.

22 Ibid., 173–92.

23 Quoted in Harold S. Quigley and JohnE. Turner:
The New Japan: Government and Politics
(Minneapolis 1956), 35.

24 James, op. cit., Appendix VIII, 376.

25 Ibid., 163–4.

26 Richard Storry,
The Double Patriots
(London 1957), 52.

27 A.M.Young,
Imperial Japan 1926–1928
(London 1938), 179–80.

28 Byas, op. cit., 17–31, 41–2.

29 For examples see Young,
Japan under Taisho Tenno
.

30 Joyce Lebra,
Japan’s Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War Two
(London 1975).

31 M.D.Kennedy,
The Estrangement of Great Britain and Japan 1917–1935
(Manchester 1969).

32 James, op. cit., 16; Beasley, op. cit., 218.

33 Quoted in W.T.deBary (ed.),
Sources of the Japanese Tradition
(New York 1958), 796–7.

34 James, op. cit., 166.

35 Ibid., 134.

36 Ibid., 138.

37 Singer, op. cit., 39—40.

38 Charles Drage,
Two-Gun Cohen
(London 1954), 131.

39 Stuart Schram,
Mao Tse-tung
(London 1966), 25, 36.

40 Joseph Levenson,
Confucian China and its Modern Fate
(London 1958).

41 Drage, op. cit., 130–1.

42
Hallen Abend
,
Tortured China
(London 1931), 14–15
.

43
Schräm, op. cit., 74
.

44
Drage, op. cit., 154–5
.

45
Schräm, op. cit., 79
.

46
Ibid., 83 footnote
.

47
Ibid., 93
.

48
Abend, op. cit., 39
.

49
Conrad Brandt
,
Stalin’s Failure in China 1924–1927
(Harvard 1958), 178
.

50
Drage, op. cit., 167ff; John Tolland
,
The Rising Sun: the decline and fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945
(London 1971), 38, footnote
.

51
Abend, op. cit., 49–50, 61, 251
.

52
Hsiao Hsu-tung
,
Mao Tse-tung and I were Beggars
(Syracuse 1959)
.

53
Benjamin Schwartz
,
In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West
(Harvard 1964)
.

54
Chow Tse-tung
,
The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China
(Harvard 1960)
.

55
Far Eastern Review
,
December 1923
.

56
Reminiscences of Professor Pai Yu, quoted in Schräm, op. cit., 73
.

57
Sun Yat-sen, lecture 3 February 1924, quoted by John Gittings
,
The World and China 1922–1975
(London 1974), 43; Stalin
,
Collected Works
,
ix 225
.

58
Gittings, op. cit., 39–40
.

59
Cf. Mao’s poem ‘Snow’, written February 1936; Schräm, op. cit., 107–8
.

60
Stuart Schräm
,
The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung
(London 1964), 94–5
.

61
Chalmers A. Johnson
,
Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: the Emergence of Revolutionary China 1937–1945
(Stanford 1962)
.

62
Schräm
,
Mao Tse-tung
,
127
.

63
Ibid., 153
.

64
Abend, op. cit., 147–8
.

65
Ibid., 80, 67
.

66
Ibid., 75, 82
.

67
James, op. cit., 139
.

68
John Tolland, op. cit., 7 footnote
.

69
Quoted in Dulles, op. cit., 281
.

6 The Last Arcadia

1
The figure 106 (which includes many sub-groups) is used in Stephan Thernstrom and Ann Orlov
,
Harvard Encyclopaedia of Ethnic Groups
(New York 1980)
.

2
Madison Grant
,
The Passing of the Great Race
(New York 1916), 3–36
.

3
‘The Klan’s Fight for Americans’
,
North American Review
,
March 1926
.

4
William C. Widenor
,
Henry Cabot Lodge and the Search for an American Foreign Policy
(University of California 1980); Robert Murray
,
The Harding Era
(University of Minnesota 1969), 64
.

5
John Morton Blum
,
The Progressive Presidents: Roosevelt, Wilson, Roosevelt, Johnson
(New York 1980), 97
.

6
Dulles, op. cit., 295
.

7
A.Mitchell Palmer, ‘The Case Against the Reds’
,
Forum
,
February 1920
.

8
Quoted in Arthur Ekirch
,
Ideologies and Utopias and the Impact of the New Deal on American Thought
(Chicago 1969), 13–14
.

9
Baltimore Evening Sun
,
27 September 1920
.

10
Horace Kellen
,
Culture and Democracy in the United States
(New York 1924)
.

11
V.W. Brooks, ‘Towards a National Culture’ and ‘The Culture of Industrialism’
,
Seven Arts
,
April 1917
.

12
V.W.Brooks, ‘Trans-National America’
,
Atlantic Monthly
,
1916
.

13
Van Wyck Brooks
,
An Autobiography
(New York 1965), 253–6
.

14
James Hoopes
,
Van Wyck Brooks in Search of American Culture
(Amherst 1977), 130
.

15
William Jennings Bryan (and Mary Baird Bryan)
,
Memoirs
(Philadelphia 1925), 448
.

16
Ibid., 479–84
.

17
New Republic
,
10 May 1922
.