Mosby's 2014 Nursing Drug Reference (62 page)
Read Mosby's 2014 Nursing Drug Reference Online
Authors: Linda Skidmore-Roth
Canada only Side effects:
italics
= common;
bold
= life-threatening 
Nurse Alert
beractant (Rx)
(ber-ak′tant)
Survanta
Func. class.:
Natural lung surfactant
Prevention and treatment (rescue) of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants
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• Newborn: INTRATRACHEAL INSTILL
4 doses can be administered during the 1st 48 hr of life; give doses no more frequently than q6hr; each dose is 100 mg of phospholipids/kg birth weight
Canada only Side effects:
italics
= common;
bold
= life-threatening Nurse Alert
(bay-ta-meth′a-sone)
dipropionate
Diprolene, Diprolene AF
augmented dipropionate
Beta-Val, Luxiq
Func. class.:
Corticosteroid, topical
Crosses cell membrane to attach to receptors to decrease inflammation, itching; inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines
Inflammation/itching corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses on the skin/scalp
Hypersensitivity, use of some preparations on face, axilla, groin
Precautions:
Pregnancy (C), skin infections
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• Adult: TOP
1-2 times/day (dipropionate) or 1-3 times/day (valerate)
Available forms:
dipropionate: gel, lotion, ointment, cream 0.05%; valerate: cream, lotion, ointment 0.1%, foam 0.12%
INTEG:
Burning, folliculitis, pruritus, dermatitis, maceration, erythema
MISC:
Hyperglycemia; glycosuria, Cushing syndrome, HPA axis suppression
Unknown
•
Skin reactions: burning pruritus, folliculitis, dermatitis
•
Decreased itching, inflammation on the skin, scalp
•
That betamethasone valerate may be used with occlusive dressings for psoriasis or recalcitrant conditions,
do not use dipropionate with occlusive dressings
•
To apply sparingly in a thin film, using gloves, and rub gently into the cleansed, slightly moist affected area
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To apply sparingly in a thin film, using gloves, and rub gently into the cleansed, slightly moist affected area
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To invert can and dispense a small amount of foam onto a saucer or other cool surface. Do not dispense directly onto hands. Pick up small amounts of foam with fingers and gently massage into affected area until foam disappears. Repeat until entire affected scalp area is treated.
•
That treatment should be limited to 2 wk
Canada only Side effects:
italics
= common;
bold
= life-threatening Nurse Alert
(beh-tax′oh-lol)
Betoptic-S
Func. class.:
Antiglaucoma
Chem. class.:
Beta blocker
Can decrease aqueous humor and increase outflows
Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Hypersensitivity, AV block, heart failure, bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome
Precautions:
Abrupt discontinuation, children, pregnancy, breastfeeding, asthma, COPD, depression, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disease, angle-closure glaucoma
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• Adult: IV INF
Instill 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s) bid.
Available forms:
Ophthalmic sol 0.5%; ophthalmic susp 0.25%
CNS:
Insomnia, headache, dizziness
CV:
Palpitations
EENT:
Eye stinging/burning, tearing, photophobia
MISC:
Bronchospasm
Onset 30 min, peak 2 hr, duration ≥12 hr
Systemic absorption:
When used in the eye, systemic absorption is common, with the same adverse reactions and interactions
•
Glaucoma: Monitor intraocular pressure
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Decreasing intraocular pressure
•
That strength is expressed in betaxolol base
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That drug is for ophthalmic use only. Shake the ophthalmic suspension well before use
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Not to touch the tip of the dropper to the eye, fingertips, or other surface to prevent contamination
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To wash hands before and after use. Tilt the head back slightly and pull the lower eyelid down with the index finger to form a pouch. Squeeze the prescribed number of drops into the pouch. Close eyes to spread drops. To avoid excessive systemic absorption, apply finger pressure on the lacrimal sac for 1–2 min following use
•
That if more than one topical ophthalmic drug product is being used, the drugs should be administered at least 5 min apart
•
To avoid contamination or the spread of infection, do not use dropper for more than one person
Canada only Side effects:
italics
= common;
bold
= life-threatening Nurse Alert