Nelson: Britannia's God of War (78 page)

45 Nelson to Admiral Goodall 11.3.1800; Nicolas IV pp. 204–6

46 Nelson to Spencer 10.3.1800; Phillips Collection, NMM 15

47 Pugh,
Nelson
and
his
Surgeons
, p. 5

48 Nelson to Troubridge and Keith 20.3.1800; Nicolas IV pp. 206–8

49
Guillaume
Tell
was taken into the Royal Navy as HMS
Malta
, serving for the next fifteen years.

50 Berry to Nelson 30.3.1800; Nicolas IV p. 218

51 Ball to Emma 31.3.1800; Morrison II p. 97. Nelson to Berry 5.4.1800; Nicolas III pp. 219–20

52 Nelson to Spencer 8.4.1800; Nicolas IV pp. 224–5

53 Nelson –Blackwood 5.4.1800; Nicolas VII p. lxcv

54 Nelson to Admiralty 4.4.1800; Nicolas IV pp. 218–19

55 Nelson to Davison 9.5.1800; Nicolas IV p. 232

56 Nelson to Wife 20.6.1800; Naish p. 493

57 Ball to Emma 19 and 26.5.1800; Morrison II pp. 99–100

58 Spencer to Keith 25.4.1800, 9.5.1800; Naish p. 525

59 Spencer to Nelson 9.5.1800; Nicolas IV p. 242

60 Nelson to Spencer 20.6.1800; Nicolas VII p. cxcviii. The target of this Shakespearian flourish was, once again, Sidney Smith.

61 Nelson to Keith 12.5.1800; Nicolas IV p. 236

62 Ehrman,
Pitt 
III
pp. 360–5. Rodger,
Second
Coalition
pp. 209–11.

63 Nelson to Berry 21.6.1800; to Commodore Saraiva, Portuguese Navy 25–6.6.1800; Nicolas IV 258–6–62.

64 Robbins–Landon, H.,
Haydn;
The
Years
of
The
Creation’,
1796
–
1800,
pp. 327–85 433, 557–65. Indeed Haydn later supplied her with piano accompaniments for the Nelson songs that she sang with the noted soprano Brigida Banti.

65 For example; Bougard,
The
Little
Sea
Torch;
or,
True
Guide
for
Coasting
Pilots.
London 1801. Nelson was a subscriber to this English edition of a richly illustrated French volume with over a hundred views of key locations from England to the Barbary coast and through the Mediterranean.

66
Many years later the Duke of Wellington would be more discreet in setting aside his wife, and less constant in his subsequent amours.

67
Nelson to Admiralty 6.11.1800; Nicolas IV p. 267

68 Young to Keith 10.11.1800; Keith II p. 146

69
St Vincent to Spencer 30.11.1800; Spencer IV p. 21

70 Spencer to St Vincent 28.11.1800; Spencer IV pp. 273–4

71 Navy Board to Nelson 1.12.1800; Add. 34,934 f15

72 Baring,
Windham
Diary
p. 434

73
The
Times
11.11.1800

74 Walker, R.
The
Nelson
Portraits.
Portsmouth 1998 pp. 30–55

75 Wife to Nelson 6.5.1798; Naish p. 429

76 Czisnik, ‘Nelson and the Nile: The Creation of Admiral Nelson’s Public Image’, 2002, contains a full overview of this process.

77 Colley, L.,
Britons:
Forging
the
Nation,
1707–1837,
1992, is the key text on this period.

78 Robert Smirke’s 1803 engraving of Nelson and his Nile captains.

79 Admiralty to Nelson 1.1.1801; BL Add. 34,934 fl8

80 Czisnik, pp. 50–2.

81 Hilliard, G. S. ed.
Life,
Letters
and
Journals
of
George
Ticknor,
Boston, 1876, vol. I p. 63, cited in McNairn, A,
Behold
the
Hero:
General
Wolfe
and
the
Arts
in
the
Eighteenth
Century,
Liverpool, 1997, p. 182

82 Walker, pp. 120–1.

83 Greig, J. ed.
The
Farington
Diary
I.
London 1923 entry for 13.2.1801 at p.300.

84 White ‘The Wife’s Tale’ makes the break-up altogether more businesslike than previous accounts, and suggests a great deal more forethought on Nelson’s part. This would be more like the man.

1 Spencer to St Vincent 28.11.1800; Morriss, R. ed.
The
Channel
Fleet
and
the
Blockade
of
Brest
1793
–
1801,
Aldershot, Navy Records Society, 2001, p. 590.

2 Feldbaek, O.
Denmark
and
the
Armed
Neutrality:
1800
–
1801
is the definitive study of this issue. His
The
Battle
of
Copenhagen
1801
contains an excellent summary.

3 Le Donne, J.
The
Russian
Empire
and
the
World
1700
–
1917:
The
Geopolitics
of
Expansion
and
Containment,
pp. 54–64, 302

4 Ehrman,
Pitt
III,
p. 398; speech in House of Commons on 2.2.1801

5 Smith, E A.
Lord
Grey,
1764
–
1845,
pp. 78–9

6 Coupland, ed.
The
War
Speeches
of
William
Pitt
the
Younger,
pp. 288–301. The appearance of this volume in 1915 only emphasises the extent to which that generation looked back to the French wars for inspiration.

7 Ehrman, J.
The
Younger
Pitt:
Vol.III,
p. 411

8 Spencer to St Vincent 28.11.1800; Spencer IV pp. 273–4

9 St Vincent to Spencer 7.12.1800; Spencer IV pp. 274–5

10 Lord Whitworth (ex Amb.) to Spencer 18.12.1800; Spencer IV p. 275

11 Dundas to Spencer 3.1.1801 SP III pp. 287–8

12 Grenville to Carysfort 16.12.1800. Fortescue VI pp. 407–9

13 King’s speech 31.12.1800; St Vincent I p. 51

14 Dundas to Admiralty Secretary Evan Nepean 9.1.1801; ADM 1/4168

15 St Vincent was keen to get rid of old followers of Hood, including Donnett and Young, from the Channel fleet. Morriss pp. 567, 578–9

16 Admiralty to Nelson 9.1.1801; Add. 34,934 f19

17 Spencer to St Vincent 26.1.1801; Spencer IV p. 279

18 See Lyon, D.
Sailing
Navy
List
pp. 250–1 for the six vessels purchased.

19 Parker to Spencer 11.1.1801; Spencer IV pp. 275–7

20 Thesiger to Spencer 16.1.1801; Spencer IV pp. 278–9

21 Nelson to Spencer 17.1.1801; Nicolas IV pp. 274–5

22 Admiralty to Nelson 17 and 18.1.1801; Add. 34,934 f25 and 34,923 f25

23 St Vincent to Spencer 23.1.1801; Spencer IV p. 264

24 St Vincent to Nelson 26.1.1801; Croker Collection, NMM 10

25 Nelson to Emma 25.1.1801; Morrison II pp. 108–9. Pettigrew printed many of these letters in the 1840s, but this quote, and much of the other interesting matter, was edited out.

26 Nelson to Emma 26 and 28.1.1801; Morrison pp. 1909–10, and Nicolas IV p. 279.

27 Nelson to Emma 14.2.1801; Morrison II pp. 114–15

28 Nelson to Emma 19 and 22.2.1801; Morrison II pp. 118–21

29 ADM 3/144N

30 Lord Grenville to Admiralty 2.2.1801; FO13/1

31 Nelson to Admiralty 2.2.1801; Nicolas IV p. 282

32 St Vincent to Nepean 9.2. Spencer IV p. 265

33 The Nelson–Troubridge Correspondence in CRK/14 and
Naval
Miscellany
I
is critical to this process, and the inner history of the campaign.

34 St Vincent to Simcoe 22.2.1801; St Vincent Papers I p. 82. Dundas to Admiralty 23.2.1801 and Dundas to Duke of York (Secret) 23.2.1801; ADM 1/4168.
The
Cumloden
Papers.

35 Secretary of State to Admiralty 23.2.1801; ADM 1/4168

36 Admiralty to Nelson 26.2.1801; Add. 34,934 f. 32

37 Nelson to Emma 1, 4, 6
and 11.3.1801,; to Wife 4.3.1801; Morrison II pp. 123–9

38 St Vincent to Nelson 8.3.1801; St Vincent I p. 84

39 Nelson to Troubridge 7 and 10.3.1801; Laughton, J.K. ed.
The
Naval
Miscellany
I
, Navy Records Society 1901 pp. 415–18. St Vincent to Hyde Parker 11.3.1801; St Vincent I pp. 86–7

40 Nelson to Troubridge 11.3.1801;
Miscellany
I
p. 419

41 Nelson to Troubridge 7.3.1801;
Miscellany
I
pp. 414–15

42 Nelson to Troubridge 10 and 29.3.1801;
Miscellany
I
pp. 417–18 and 424–5

43 Order of Battle 10.4.1801; Add. 34,918 f.16.

44 Dundas to Admiralty (Secret) 14.3.1801; ADM 1/4186

45 Admiralty to Hyde Parker (Secret) 15.3.1801; Add.34,934 f. 38

46 Nelson to Troubridge 16.3.1801;
Miscellany
I pp. 420–1

47 Vansittart to Hawkesbury 14.3.1801; Add. 31,233 f. 11–9

48 Vansittart to Hawkesbury 19.3.1801; Add. 31,233 f. 34

49 Hyde Parker’s Journal 22.3.1801; ADM 50/65.

50
Cumloden
Papers
23.3.1801. Hyde-Parker to Admiralty 23.3.1801; ADM 1/ 4 39 and 48

51 Nelson to Hyde– Parker 24.3.1801; Nicolas IV pp. 2956

52 Hyde Parker to Nelson 24.3.17801; CRK/8 53
Cumloden
Papers
24.3.1801

54 Ibid. 26.3.1801

55 Domett to Nelson 26.3.1801; CRK/4

56 Nelson to Troubridge 29.3.1801;
Miscellany 1
pp. 424–5

57 Nelson to Emma 30.3.1801; Morrison II p. 132

58 Parker’s Journal 31.3. and 1.4.1801 ADM 50/65

59
Cumloden
Papers
31.3 and 1.4.1801

60 The key words in the Stewart quote are usually given as ‘jug’ and ‘bale’, but these make no sense. Allowances should be made for Nelson’s accent and the noise of battle. Nelson to Berry 9.3.1801; Nicolas IV p. 292

61 Minto letter of 19.5.1801; Minto III p. 219

62 Nelson to Davison 4.4.1801; Nicolas VII p. ccv

63 Hamond to Captain Andrew Hamond 5.4.1801; Hamond Papers, Duke University

64 She became HMS
Nassau
and captured another Danish battleship in 1808

65 The main focus of literature on this campaign has been the Slagt por Reden, the battle for the roadstead. This has diverted attention from the wider aims of the campaign, and the impact this terrifying demonstration of power had on European opinion.

66
Nelson to Emma 6.4.1801; Morrison II p. 135. Nelson to St Vincent 9.4.1801; Nicolas IV p. 341

67 Nelson to Admiralty 9.4.1801; Nicolas IV pp. 339–41. Nelson to Troubridge 9.3.1801;
Miscellany
I
p. 427

68 Nelson to Minto 9.4.1801; Nicolas IV p. 342

69 Balfour to Nelson 17.4.1801; CRK/2

70 St Vincent to Parker 5.4.1801; St Vincent I pp. 88–9

71 Parker to Admiralty 9.4.1801; ADM 1/ 4

72 Typically Bligh, who had fought like a lion, was so unsure of himself as to ask Nelson for a testimonial, which he was told was ‘perfectly unnecessary’. Nelson to St Vincent 14.4.1801; Nicolas IV p. 343

73 Hobart to Admiralty 16.4.1801 Secret; ADM1/4187. Admiralty to Parker 17.4.1801 Secret; Add.34,934 f. 43

74 Spencer to Nelson 19.4.1801; CRK/10

75 St Vincent to Lord Mayor 15.4.1801 to Parker, Nelson 17.4.1801; St Vincent I pp. 89–91

76 Davison to Nelson 4.4.1801; CRK/3

77 St Vincent to Nelson 25.4.1801; St Vincent I p. 93. Nelson to Maurice 15.4.1801; Nicolas IV p. 138

78 Admiralty to Nelson 21.4.1801; Add. 34,934 f. 57

79 St Vincent to Nelson 21.4.1801; St Vincent I pp. 92–3

80 St Vincent to King 21.4.11801; Aspinall,
George
III
1798–1801. p. 517

81 Parker to Admiralty 25.4.1801; ADM 1 /4 65. Parker to Nelson 23.4.1801; CRK/8

82 Nelson to Emma 20 and 23.4.1801; Morrison II pp. 139 and 142