Not Peace but a Sword: The Great Chasm Between Christianity and Islam (30 page)

Endnotes

1 Quotations from the Qur’an are taken from A. J. Arberry,
The Koran Interpreted
(London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1955).

2 Peter Kreeft,
Ecumenical Jihad
(San Francisco, Ignatius Press, 1996), 26.

3 Ibid
.
, 30.

4 “Religion and Ethics in Global Women’s Issues,” Santa Clara University, November 6, 2009.
http://www.scu.edu/ethics-center/world-affairs/systems/WomensIssues.cfm

5 Barbara Crossette, “Vatican Drops Fight Against U.N. Population Document,”
New York Times
, September 10, 1994.

6 Donna Lee Bowen, “Abortion, Islam, and the 1994 Cairo Population Conference,”
International Journal of Middle East Studies
29(2), 1997, 161.

7 Jeff Schogol, “McChrystal denies claims of secret military crusade against Islam,”
Stars and Stripes
, January 21, 2011.

8 “Priest says Muslim extremists want to rid Middle East of Christians,” Catholic News Agency, December 19, 2010.

9 “6 dead in religion-torn central Nigerian region,” Associated Press, January 24, 2011.

10 Aid to the Church in Need, “Religious Freedom in the Majority Islamic Countries 1998 Report: Iraq.”
http://www.alleanzacattolica.org/acs/acs_english/report_98/iraq.htm
.

11 Bridget Johnson, “Bipartisan effort pressures Obama to help Iraq’s Christians,”
The Hill
, December 25, 2010.

12 “Baghdad church hostage drama ends in bloodbath,” BBC, November 1, 2010.

13 “Death toll in Egypt church bomb blast rises to 22,” Press Trust of India, January 3, 2011.

14 “Egypt on alert as Copts gather for Christmas Eve,” BBC, January 6, 2011.

15 “Sunni Islam’s al-Azhar freezes talks with the Vatican,” Deutsche Presse Agentur, January 20, 2011.

16 “Al-Azhar asks Coptic Church to denounce US religious discrimination claims,” Al Masry Al Youm, November 26, 2010.

17 “Egypt recalls Vatican envoy over pope remarks,” Agence France-Presse, January 11, 2011.

18 Rick Westhead, “Some Christians in Pakistan convert fear into safety,”
Toronto Star
, January 20, 2011.

19 “Punjab governor Salman Taseer assassinated in Islamabad,” BBC, January 4, 2011.

20 “Pope insults Muslims, say MPs,”
The Times
, January 12, 2011.

21 “Pakistan: Islamists criticise Pope’s anti-blasphemy law comments,” Adn Kronos International, January 11, 2011.

22 Muhammed Ibn Ismaiel Al-Bukhari,
Sahih al-Bukhari: The Translation of the Meanings
, translated by Muhammad M. Khan, Darussalam, 1997, vol. 9, book 84, no. 57.

23
Reliance of the Traveller
, o8.1, o8.4.

24 IslamOnline.net, April 2006.
www.islamonline.net/English/contemporary/2006/04/article01c.shtml##top3
. This article has been removed from the IslamOnline site, but is quoted in Robert Spencer, “Death to the Apostates,” FrontPageMagazine.com, October 24, 2006.

25 “One-legged Afghan Red Cross worker set to be hanged after converting to Christianity,”
Daily Mail
, February 7, 2011; Sayed Salahuddin, “Man faces death over Christianity,” Reuters, March 19, 2006.

26 Afghanistan Constitution, Adopted by Grand Council on January 4, 2004.
http://www.servat.unibe.ch/law/icl/af00000_.html
.

27 Tim Albone, “Anger over Christian convert in Kabul who faces death,”
The Times
, March 21, 2006.

28 Maggie Michael, “Threats force Egyptian convert to hide,” Associated Press, August 12, 2007.

29 Abdallah Daher, Sarah Pollak & Dale Hurd, “Ex-Muslim on the Run for Conversion,” CBN News, March 27, 2008.

30 David Pryce-Jones,
The Closed Circle: An Interpretation of the Arabs
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 31-2.

31 Stephen Farrell and Rana Sabbagh Gargour, “‘All my staff at the church have been killed—they disappeared,’”
The Times
, December 23, 2006.

32 Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Islamist Leader in London: No Universal Jihad As Long As There is No Caliphate,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 435, October 30, 2002.

33 Jonathan Adelman and Agota Kuperman, “Christian Exodus from the Middle East,” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, December 19, 2001. Reprinted at
www.defenddemocracy.org/publications/publications_show.htm?doc_id=155713
.

34 Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Friday Sermons in Saudi Mosques: Review and Analysis,” MEMRI Special Report No. 10, September 26, 2002.
www.memri.org
. This sermon is undated, but it recently appeared on the Saudi website www.alminbar.net.

35 Sonia Verma, “First Catholic Church Opens in Qatar, Sparking Fear of Backlash Against Christians,” Fox News, March 14, 2008.

36 Carmel Crimmins, “Philippines’ Islamic city proud to be different,” Reuters, March 17, 2008.

37 This sermon is undated. Like the others quoted here, it was posted at the Saudi website Al-Minbar (
www.alminbar.net
).

38 Etgar Lefkovits, “Expert: ‘Christian groups in PA to disappear,’”
Jerusalem Post
, December 4, 2007.

39 Amnesty International Report 2007: Egypt.
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Middle-East-and-North-Africa/Egypt
.

40 “Sectarian tensions flare in Egypt,” BBC News, April 16, 2006.

41 Amnesty International Report 2007: Indonesia.
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Asia-Pacific/Indonesia
.

42 “We Are the Church of Islam,” Interview with the patriarch of Antioch Grégoire III Laham by Gianni Valente,
30 Days
, April 2006.

43 Mohammed Zaatari, “Sidon archdiocese reopens following refurbishment,”
Daily Star
, December 6, 2010.

44 Amin Maalouf,
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
(New York: Schocken Books, 1984), 179.

45 Quoted in Thomas Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
(Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 76.

46 Ibid., 78.

47 Ibn Kathir,
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
(Abridged) (Riyadh: Darussalam, 2000), vol. 4, 133.

48 Muhammad Aashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri,
Illuminating Discourses on the Noble Qur
’
an
(
Tafsir Anwarul Bayan
), translated by Afzal Hussain Elias and Muhammad Arshad Fakhri (Karachi: Darul-Ishaat, 2005), vol. 2, 291.

49 Will Lester, “Poll: Fewer People Link Islam, Violence,” Associated Press, July 26, 2005.

50 Ibn Kathir,
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
(Abridged), vol. 1, Darussalam, 2000, 87.

51
The Navarre Bible: The Pentateuch
(Princeton: Scepter Publishers, 1999), 48.

52 Sahih Muslim 6325.

53 “Ask the Religion Experts: Are people inherently sinful?”
Ottawa Citizen
, February 19, 2012.

54
www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/05/statement-president-hajj-and-eid-al-adha
.

55 George W. Bush, Message on the observance of Eid al-Adha, January 8, 2007.

56 Jalalu’d-Din al-Mahalli and Jalalu’d-Din as-Suyuti,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
, translated by Aisha Bewley (London: Dar Al Taqwa Ltd., 2007), 1194.

57
Ecumenical Jihad
, 30.

58 Gregory VII, Letter to Anzir, King of Mauritania (1076), in J. Neuner and J. Dupuis,
The Christian Faith in the Doctrinal Documents of the Catholic Church
(New York: Alba House, 1996), 380.

59 Nicole Winfield, “Pope marks 50th anniversary of Vatican II, seeks to correct errors that emerged,” Associated Press, October 11, 2012.

60 Pope Benedict XIV,
Quod Provinciale
, Aug. 1, 1754, in
The Papal Encyclicals
, edited by Claudia Carlen (Ypsilanti, Michigan, Pierian Press, 1981), vol. 1 (1740-1878), 49-50.

61 Von Pastor,
History of the Popes
, II, 346; quoted in Warren H. Carroll
, A History of Christendom
, vol. 3,
The Glory of Christendom
(Front Royal, Virginia: Christendom Press, 1993), 571.

62 Jalalu’d-Din al-Mahalli and Jalalu’d-Din as-Suyuti,
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
, translated by Aisha Bewley (London: Dar Al Taqwa Ltd., 2007), 524.

63 “Ask the Religion Experts: Are people inherently sinful?,”
Ottawa Citizen
, February 19, 2012.

64 Ibn Kathir, vol. 1, 120.

65
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
, 941.

66
Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsiribn Abbas
, translated by Mokrane Guezzou, 36:9.
www.altafsir.com
.

67 Ibn Kathir, vol. 8, 171.

68 Ibn Kathir, vol. 8, 172.

69 Ignaz Goldziher,
Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law
, translated by Andras and Ruth Hamori (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), 82.

70 G. F. Haddad, “The Qadariyya, Mu’tazila, and Shî’a,”
Living Islam
,
www.livingislam.org/n/qms_e.html
.

71 Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi,
Towards Understanding the Qur
’
an
, translated and edited by Zafar Ishaq Ansari (Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 2008), 955.

72 St. Thomas Aquinas,
Summa Contra Gentiles
, Book Two: Creation, translated by James F. Anderson. (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975), ch. 25, sec. 14.

73 Rodney Stark,
The Victory of Reason
(New York: Random House, 2005), 22-23.