Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (80 page)

^44.
Michael Laskier has referred to the local commitment of Albert Antébi as “pro-palestinienne.” See Laskier, “Avraham Albert ‘Antébi.”

^45.
El Liberal
, February 5, 1909.

^46.
Lecture by Celal Nuri Bey, editor of
Jeune Turc
, to the Young Jews' club in Istanbul.
Ha-
erut
, November 19, 1909. On Imrulla Bey, see
Ha-
erut
, March 21, 1910. For an overview of Ottoman officials' attitudes toward Zionism, see Landau, “He'arot ‘al yehasam shel ha-Turkim ha-Ze'irim la-Ziyonut.” See also Olson, “Young Turks and the Jews”; and Reinkowski, “Late Ottoman Rule over Palestine” for historiographic comments.

^47.
Ha-
erut
, July 30, 1909 and June 8, 1909. Riza Tevfik studied at the Alliance Israelite Universelle in Edirne and was said to speak Judeo-Spanish like a Sephardi Jew.
Ha-‘Olam
, March 3, 1909; March 17, 1909; and May 4, 1909, for a sympathetic account.

^48.
Hanioğlu, “Jews in the Young Turk Movement to the 1908 Revolution,” 523; and Ortayli, “Ottomanism and Zionism During the Second Constitutional Period, 532. However, Neville Mandel quotes an internal Zionist report from
the fall of 1908 that worried the opposite: “[The Young Turks] consider us as separatists, if not today, then at any rate tomorrow. And they do not wish to let people enter [Palestine] who ‘will create a new Armenian question' for them.” Quoted in Mandel,
Arabs and Zionism Before World War I
, 60.

^49.
Ha-
erut
, July 30, 1909.

^50.
Quoted in Kayali, “Jewish Representation in the Ottoman Parliaments,” 511.

^51.
El Liberal
, May 14, 1909.

^52.
Ha-
erut
, June 25, 1909.

^53.
El Liberal
, August 27, 1909 and September 3, 1909.

^54.
Ha-
erut
, July 6, 1909.

^55.
As early as March 1909 the Zionist movement had sought to schedule the Ninth Zionist Congress in Istanbul, but it had been told that it was “not advisable” and that the sultan would be very opposed. Jacobsohn to Wolffsohn, March 2, 1909. CZA A19/7. On the CUP's retaliation, see Farhi, “Documents on the Attitude of the Ottoman Government,” 198. Jacob Landau wrote that one delegate from Salonica, Moshe Cohen, gave a speech at the congress more in favor of Ottomanism than Zionism; by 1910–11, Cohen, fearing that Zionism would harm Ottomanism and bring anti-Semitism in its wake, had moved further from Zionist tenets. Landau, “He'arot ‘al yehasam shel ha-Turkim ha-Ze'irim la-Ziyonut.”

^56.
El Liberal
, May 28, 1909.

^57.
El Liberal
, June 11, 1909, and no. 32 (June 1909).

^58.
“First Know, Then Speak,”
El Liberal
, September 10, 1909. See Qattan, “Himnos a Zion” in
El Liberal
, June 11, 1909.

^59.
Ha-
erut
, September 28, 1909.

^60.
Ha-
erut
, January 5, 1910.

^61.
Ha-Po'el ha-
a'ir
, November 1908. See also “On the Agenda/'Al ha-perek” in
Ha-Po'el ha-
a'ir
, July-August 1908.

^62.
Ha-
erut
, December 30, 1910.