Out of Time (42 page)

65
  Ibid., p. 542.

66
  Julian Barnes,
Nothing To Be Frightened Of
, London, Vintage Books, p. 23. Further page references given in text.

67
  Quoted by D. J. Taylor, reviewing
Pulse
by Julian Barnes,
Financial Times
, 23 December 2010.

68
  See Sigmund Freud, ‘The Ego and the Id’, in Vol. 19 of
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
.

69
  Julian Barnes, ‘Knowing French’, in
The Lemon Table
, London, Cape, 2004, p. 151.

70
  Julian Barnes, ‘Marriage Lines’, in
Pulse
, London, Jonathan Cape, 2011, p. 120.

71
  Julian Barnes,
Staring at the Sun
, London, Cape, 1986, Further page references are given in the text.

72
  Stan Smith,
The Cambridge Companion to W. H. Auden
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 235.

73
  André Gorz,
Letter to D: A Love Story
, trans. Julie Rose, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009, p. 105–6.

74
  Kenneth Vail et al., ‘When Death is Good for Life: Considering the Positive Trajectories of Terror Management’,
Personality and Social Psychology Review
, 16:4 (2012), pp. 304–29.

Chapter 5. Flags of Resistance

1
  Sarton,
As We Are Now
, p. 17.

2
  Margaret Cruickshank provides just such a description of old age in giving an account on the back cover of her collection,
Fierce with Reality
.

3
  See
www.songfacts.com
.

4
  Christopher Bollas,
Cracking Up: The Work of Unconscious Experience
, London, Routledge, 1995, p. 119.

5
  Thomas von Zglinicki, ed.,
Aging at the Molecular Level
, New York, Springer, 2003.

6
  Mike Featherstone, ‘The Body in Consumer Culture’, in Mike Featherstone, Mike Hepworth and Bryan Turner, eds,
The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory
, London, Sage, 1991, p. 183.

7
  Andrew Blaikie,
Ageing and Popular Culture
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 73–4.

8
  Hanif Kureishi, ‘The Body’, in
The Body
, London, Faber and Faber, 2002, p. 29.

9
  Fiona Macrae, ‘The Forever Young Drug: Scientists make sick and ageing cells healthy again’,
Daily Mail
, 30 June 2011.

10
  Fiona Macrae, ‘Forever Young: The pill that will keep you youthful by preventing the ills of old age’,
Daily Mail
, 11 June 2011.

11
  Catherine Mayer,
Amortality: The Pleasures and Perils of Living Agelessly
, London, Vermilion, 2011, p. 6. Further page references are given in the text.

12
  Sigmund Freud,
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
, trans. James Strachey, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1991, p. 135.

13
  See Keith Cushman,
‘Letters to Felice
by Franz Kafka’,
Chicago Review
26: 3 (1974), p. 188.

14
  Sara Maitland,
A Book of Silence
, London, Granta, 2008, p. 286.

15
  Ruth Ray,
Endnotes: An Intimate Look at the End of Life
, New York, Columbia University Press, p. 115.

16
  Sedgwick,
Touching Feeling
, p. 160.

17
  Peter Osborne,
The Politics of Time: Modernity and Avant-Garde
, London, Verso, 1995, p. 137.

18
  Ibid., p. 104.

19
  See, for instance, Douwe Draaisma,
Why Life Speeds Up As You Get Older: How Memory Shapes our Past
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

20
  World Health Organisation,
Gender in Mental Health Research
, Geneva, WHO, 2004; Office of National Statistics,
Mental Health of Older People
, London, The Stationery Office, 2003.

21
  Heather Lacey, Dylan Smith and Peter Ubel, ‘Hope I Die Before I Get Old: Mispredicting happiness across the adult lifespan’,
Journal of Happiness Studies
7: 2 (2006), pp. 167–82; Blanchflower and Oswald, ‘Is Well-Being U-Shaped over the Life Cycle?’,
Social Science and Medicine
; Arthur Stone et al., ‘A Snapshot of the Age Distribution of Psychological Well-being in the United States’, June 2010, Research Paper available at
www.princeton.edu
.

22
  Denise Riley, ‘ “What I Want Back Is What I Was”: Consolations Retrospect’, in
Impersonal Passion: Language as Affect
, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2005, p. 30.

23
  Ibid.

24
  Lessing,
Under My Skin
, p. 205.

25
  Ruth Fainlight, ‘Friends’ Photos’, in
New and Collected Poems
, London, Bloodaxe Books, 2010, p. 380.

26
  Penelope Lively,
Spiderweb
, London, Penguin, 1999, p. 85.

27
  William Shakespeare, Sonnet 63, quoted by Denise Riley, ‘ “What I Want Back” ’, p. 36.

28
  Ruth Fainlight, ‘The Wedding Chapel’, in
New and Collected Poems
, p. 33.

29
  Penelope Lively, ‘Party’, in
Singing in Tune with Time: Stories and Poems about Ageing
, Elizabeth Cairns, ed., London, Virago, 1993, p. 14.

30
  Tove Jansson,
The Summer Book
, trans. Thomas Teal, London, Sort Of Books, 2003, Foreword by Esther Freud.

31
  Joy Goodfellow and Joyce Laverty,
Grandcaring: Insights into Grandparents’ Experiences as Regular Child Care Providers
, Canberra: Early Childhood Australia, 2003; Lihda Nicholson Grinstead et al., ‘Review of Research on the Health of Caregiving Grandparents’,
Journal of Advanced Nursing
44:3 (2003), pp. 318–26; Gay Ochiltree,
Grandparents, Grandchildren and the Generation in Between
, Victoria, Australian Council Educational Research, 2006.

32
  ‘Grandparents “Exploited” over Childcare’, BBC News, 28 April 1999, available at
www.news.bbc.co.uk
.

33
  Epictetus, quoted in Simon Critchley,
The Book of Dead Philosophers
, London, Verso, p. 71.

34
  Marcus Aurelius, quoted in ibid., p. 73.

35
  Rosalind Belben,
Dreaming of Dead People
, London, Serpent’s Tail, 1979, pp. 7–9 (italics in the original text). Further page references are given in the text.

36
  Elaine Feinstein, ‘Long Life’, in
Cities
, Manchester, Carcanet Press, 2010, p. 57.

37
  Anne Hunsaker Hawkins,
Reconstructing Illness: Studies in Pathography
, West Lafayette, IN, Purdue University Press, 1993.

38
  Elaine Feinstein, ‘Unsent Email’, in
Talking to the Dead
, Manchester, Carcanet Press, 2007, p. 15.

39
  Feinstein, ‘A Visit’, in ibid., p. 12.

40
  Feinstein, ‘Beds’, in ibid., p. 14.

41
  Feinstein, ‘Winter’, in ibid., p. 9.

42
  Feinstein, ‘A Match’, in ibid., p. 23.

43
  Feinstein, ‘A Pebble on Your Grave’, in ibid., p. 27.

44
  Sigmund Freud, ‘Mourning and Melancholia’, in Vol. 14 of
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
, p. 253. Further page references are given in the text.

45
  C. S. Lewis,
A Grief Observed
, London, Faber and Faber, p. 18. Further page references are given in the text.

46
  Nicolas Abrahams and Maria Torok, for example, saw mourning and melancholia as always intermixed, insisting plausibly that the internalization of the lost other in the work of mourning is never abandoned. Instead they distinguish two forms of internalization: ‘introjection’, which is enduring but closer to Freud’s normal work of mourning; and ‘incorporation’, which resembles Freud’s account of the ‘internalization’ in melancholia, in that it involves a form of identification that cannot be worked through because it accompanies a type of denial of the loss of the other, through a secret ‘encryption’ that remains alive in the body. See Nicolas Abrahams and Maria Torok,
The Shell and the Kernel: Renewals of Psychoanalysis
, Vol. 1, trans. Nicholas Rand, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 129.

47
  Freud, ‘The Ego and the Id’, p. 53.

48
  Darian Leader,
The New Black: Mourning, Melancholia and Depression
, London, Penguin, 2009, p. 2.

49
  Sara Ahmed, ‘The Happiness Turn’,
New Formations
63 (2007–8), p. 9; see also Sara Ahmed,
The Promise of Happiness
, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2010.

50
  Richard Layard,
Happiness: Lessons from a New Science
, London, Penguin, 2005.

51
  Philippe Ariès,
Western Attitudes Toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present
, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974, p. 100.

52
  Stephen Frosh,
Feelings
, London, Routledge, pp. 46–56.

53
  Ibid., p. 56.

54
  Leader,
The New Black
, p. 6.

55
  Mark Doty,
Heaven’s Coast
, London, Jonathan Cape, 1996, p. ix.

56
  Judith Butler,
Undoing Gender
, London, Routledge, 2004, p. 19.