Pediatric Primary Care (154 page)

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Authors: Beth Richardson

Tags: #Medical, #Nursing, #General

BOOK: Pediatric Primary Care
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SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM–ANTI-INFECTIVE

Brand Name

Bactrim, Septra

Uses

Treat acute/complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections,
Shigella
, enteritis, otitis media, traveler's diarrhea, enteritis,
Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia.

Availability

Oral suspension: 40 mg trimethoprim/200 mg, 400 mg sulfamethoxazole/5 mL. Tablets: 80 mg trimethoprim/400 mg sulfamethoxazole; 160 mg/800 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Urinary tract infection caused by
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter
, enteritis, acute otitis media: Children older than 2 months: 7.5-8 mg/kg/ day divided q12h for 10 days. Adults: 160 mg q12h for 7-14 days.

Weight: lbs, kg
Suspension
Tablets
22, 10
1 tsp (5 mL)
½
44, 20
2 tsp (10 mL)
1
66, 30
3 tsp (15 mL)

88, 40
4 tsp (20 mL)
2 tablets or 1 DS tablet

Travelers' diarrhea, bronchitis: Adults: 1 double-strength tablet q12h for 5 days.

Adverse Reactions

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting urticaria, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, fever, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath.

Implications

  Take each dose with one glass water and increase fluid intake.
  Take for full treatment time as prescribed.
  Do not use in children younger than 2 months.
  Do not use in patients sensitive to sulfa drugs.

 

Note: all patients weighing > 100 pounds should be dosed according to adult dosage guidelines.

APPENDIX J

Abbreviations

 

 

AAP
—American Academy of Pediatrics
ABG
—arterial blood gas
ABO
—blood types
ABR
—auditory brainstem response
AC
—air conduction
ACE
—angiotensin converting enzyme
AD
—atopic dermatitis
ADD
—attention deficit disorder
ADH
—antidiuretic hormone
ADHD
—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADL
—activity of daily living
AFP
—alpha fetal protein
ANA
—antinuclear antibody
AOM
—acute otitis media
AOME
—acute otitis media with effusion
ASO
—antistreptolysin enzyme
AVN
—avascular necrosis

 

BAER
—brainstem auditory-evoked response
BC
—bone conduction
bid
—twice daily
BM
—bowel movement
BMI
—body mass index
BP
—blood pressure
BPM
—beats per minute
BUN
—blood urea nitrogen

 

CBC
—complete blood count
CBT
—cognitive behavioral therapy
CDC
—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CF
—cystic fibrosis
CHF
—congestive heart failure
cm
—centimeter
CMV
—cytomegalovirus
CNS
—central nervous system
CP
—cerebral palsy
C/S
—culture/sensitivity
CSF
—cerebrospinal fluid
CT
—computed tomography (X-ray exam)
CVA
—costal-vertebral angle
CXR
—chest X-ray

 

DDAVP
—synthetic vasopressin (posterior pituitary hormone)
DDH
—developmental dysplasia of the hip
DRSP
—drug-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
DTaP
—diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (vaccine)
DTP
—diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (vaccine)

 

EBV
—Epstein-Barr virus
EC
—emergency contraception
ECG
—electrocardiogram (aka EKG)
ED
—emergency department
EDC
—estimated date of confinement
EEG
—electroencephalogram
EENT
—eye, ear, nose, throat
ENS
—enteral nutritional support
ENT
—ear, nose, throat
EOAE
—evoked otoacoustic emissions
ESR
—erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ETD
—eustachian tube dysfunction
ETOH
—alcohol

 

FEV
—forced expiratory volume

 

g
—gram
GABHS
—Group
A
beta-hemolytic streptococcus
GD
—gestational diabetes
GER
—gastroesophageal reflux
GI
—gastrointestinal
GU
—genitourinary

 

h
—hour
H.  flu—
Haemophilus influenzae
b (bacteria)
HAB
—hepatitis
A
virus
HBsAg
—hepatitis
B
surface antigen
HBV
—hepatitis
B
virus
HCG
—human chorionic gonadotropin
Hct
—hematocrit
HCV
—hepatitis C virus
HDL
—high-density lipoprotein
HEENT
—head, eyes, ear, nose, throat
Hep
—hepatitis
Hep B
—hepatitis B vaccine
Hgb
—hemoglobin
Hib
—Haemophilus influenzae
b (vaccine)
HIV
—human immunodeficiency virus
HPV
—human papillomavirus
HR
—heart rate
HS
—at bedtime
HSV
—herpes simplex virus

 

IBD
—inflammatory bowel disease
IBS
—irritable bowel syndrome

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