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Authors: Dante

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BOOK: Purgatorio
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‘In a month and little more I learned how heavy

               
the mantle weighs on one who keeps it from the mud,   

105
         
making any other burden seem a feather.

               
‘My conversion, alas, came late—   

   

               
but when I became the shepherd of Rome,

108
         
I discovered a life full of lies.

               
‘I saw that there the heart was not at peace,

               
nor was preferment possible in that life,

111
         
and for this higher state my love was kindled.

               
‘Until that moment I was a wretched soul,

               
cut off from God, and filled with avarice.

114
         
Now, as you see, I am punished for that here.

               
‘The work of avarice is here proclaimed   

               
in the purging of the down-turned souls,

117
         
and the mountain gives no punishment more bitter.

               
‘Just as we failed to lift our eyes on high

               
because they were fixed on earthly things,

120
         
so justice here has turned them to the earth.

               
‘As avarice quenched our love of worthy things,

               
wasting our chance to do good works,

123
         
so justice here has bound us fast.

               
‘Securely bound are our hands and feet.

               
As long as it shall please the righteous Lord

126
         
so long shall we, unmoving, lie here prone.’

               
I had kneeled and was about to speak,   

               
but as soon as I began and he perceived,

129
         
only by listening, that I in reverence had knelt,

               
‘Why,’ he asked, ‘did you kneel down that way?’

               
And I: ‘Because the dignity of Your high office   

132
         
stung my conscience as I stood erect.’

               
‘Straighten your legs, stand up, brother,’   

               
he replied, ‘make no mistake. I am a fellow-servant   

135
         
with you, and with the others, of a single Power.

               
‘If ever you did understand the holy passage   

               
in the Gospel where it tells us
“Neque nubent,”

138
         
you may well perceive just why I say this.

               
‘Now go your way. I would not keep you longer,

               
for your being here prevents the tears

141
         
with which I ripen that of which you spoke.   

               
‘On earth I have a niece who is called Alàgia—   

               
she is still virtuous, if indeed our house

               
has not by its example made her wicked,

145
         
and she alone is left to me back there.’

OUTLINE: PURGATORIO XX
1–3
   
retrospective beginning: Dante accedes to Adrian’s better will by rising and leaving

I & III. The setting and souls
(continued)

4–9
   
the condition of the penitents; Dante and Virgil skirt them (they lie near the edge), along the rock
10–12
   
apostrophe of the wolf of Avarice: a curse
13–15
   
apostrophe of starry heavens: a plea for their emissary

II. Exemplars of Generosity

16–18
   
As Dante proceeds, he hears a spirit up ahead call out:
19–24
   
Mary
(at the inn)
25–30
   
Fabricius
, thus greatly pleasing Dante
31–33
   
St. Nicholas

IV. The speakers (2)

34–39
   
Dante’s two questions and a promise: (1) who were you? (2) why do you alone sing these praises? (3) I will reward your compliance when I return to earth
40–123
   
Hugh Capet:
his response to Dante
40–42
   
(3) he will answer not for comfort that may come to him but because of the state of grace in which Dante lives
43–96
   
(1) Hugh’s “history of France”:
43–48:
   
father of the kings of Christendom’s current enemy
49–60:
   
his offspring and how they came to power
61–66:
   
France’s first conquests
67–81:
   
her descent into Italy
82–84:
   
Hugh’s apostrophe of Avarice
85–90:
   
Philip IV has Boniface made captive
91–93:
   
Philip IV sets out to crush the Templars
94–96:
   
Hugh’s apostrophe of God: let Him show his vengeance
97–123
   
(2) his contorted response to Dante’s second question:
97–101
   
during the day they sing the praises Dante has heard

V. Exemplars of Avarice

101–102
   
at night they sing a different tune:
103–105
   
Pygmalion
106–108
   
Midas
109–111
   
Achan
(vs. Joshua)
112
   
Sapphira
[&
Ananias
]
113
   
Heliodorus
114–115
   
Polymnestor
(vs. Polydorus)
116–117
   
Crassus
118–123
   
each of the penitents cries out louder or softer according to the ardor that moves him; thus Hugh was not alone in his singing, but only making sounds that were louder than those made by others

A singular event: the earthquake

124–126
   
Dante and Virgil are moving quickly away from Hugh
127–132
   
earthquake and simile (Delos)
133–138
   
“Gloria!”: Virgil’s reaction and Dante’s comprehension
139–141
   
Dante and Virgil like the shepherds who first heard it
142–144
   
they resume their path through the strewn souls
145–151
   
Dante’s enormous desire to understand the cause of the earthquake; but he does not question Virgil about it
PURGATORIO XX

               
The will strives ill against a worthier will.   

               
Therefore, against my wish but granting his,

3
             
I drew the sponge, not full yet, from the water.

               
I moved on and my leader picked his way,   

               
keeping to the clear path near the rock

6
             
as one must walk on ramparts, tight against the wall,

               
for the people from whose eyes dissolves,

               
drop by drop, the evil filling all the world

9
             
were crowded near the outer edge’s rim.

               
May you be cursed, you age-old wolf,   

               
who take more prey than any other beast

12
           
to feed your bottomless appetite!

               
O heavens, whose wheels transmute   

               
the state of those on earth, as some believe,

15
           
when will he come from whom the wolf shall flee?   

               
We made our way with scant, slow steps,

               
my attention fixed upon those weeping shades

18
           
as I listened to their piteous lamentations,

               
when by chance I heard one up ahead call out   

               
‘Sweet Mary!’ through his tears,

21
           
even as a woman does in labor,

               
and I heard the voice go on:

               
‘How poor you were is witnessed by the inn

24
           
where you set down your holy burden.’

               
After that I heard: ‘O good Fabricius,   

               
you chose poverty with virtue

27
           
rather than possess great wealth in wickedness.’

               
These words gave me such pleasure

               
that I pressed forward to encounter

30
           
the spirit who I thought had spoken

               
and he went on to tell the generous gifts   

               
that Nicholas conferred upon the maidens

33
           
to guide their youthful innocence to honor.

               
‘O soul that speak of so much goodness,   

               
tell me who you were,’ I said, ‘and why you alone

36
           
rehearse these deeds so fit for praise.

               
‘Your words shall not go unrewarded

               
if I return to finish my brief journey

39
           
in that life which rushes to its ending.’

               
And he: ‘I will tell you, not for any comfort   

               
I await from there, but for the grace that shines

42
           
in you, reflected even short of death.

               
‘I was the root of the evil tree   

               
that casts its shadow over all the Christian lands

45
           
so that good fruit is rarely gathered there.

               
‘If Douai, Lille, Ghent, and Bruges   

               
but had the power, there would soon be vengeance—

48
           
and this I beg of Him who judges all.

               
‘On earth I was known as Hugh Capet.   

               
Of me were born the Philips and the Louis   

51
           
who lately have been rulers over France.

               
‘I was the son of a butcher of Paris.   

               
When the ancient line of kings had all died out,   

54
           
except for one, a gray-robed monk,

               
‘I found the reins to govern all the kingdom   

               
firm in my hands, and soon had in possession

57
           
such power and so very many friends

               
‘that to the widowed crown

               
my son’s head was put forward.

60
           
His issue is entombed as consecrated bones.

BOOK: Purgatorio
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