Quirkology (40 page)
Authors: Richard Wiseman
13
K. Binsted and G. Ritchie, “Computational Rules for Punning Riddles,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
10, no. 1 (1997): 25-76.
K. Binsted and G. Ritchie, “Computational Rules for Punning Riddles,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
10, no. 1 (1997): 25-76.
14
M. Le Page, “Women’s Orgasms Are a Turn-Off for the Brain,”
New Scientist
14 (June 25, 2005).
M. Le Page, “Women’s Orgasms Are a Turn-Off for the Brain,”
New Scientist
14 (June 25, 2005).
15
H. H. Brownell and H. Hardner, “Neuropsychological Insights into Humour,” in
Laughing Matters: A Serious Look at Humour,
ed. J. Durant and J. Miller, 17-35 (Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1988).
H. H. Brownell and H. Hardner, “Neuropsychological Insights into Humour,” in
Laughing Matters: A Serious Look at Humour,
ed. J. Durant and J. Miller, 17-35 (Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman, 1988).
16
T. Friend, “What’s So Funny?”
New Yorker,
November 11, 2002, 78-93.
T. Friend, “What’s So Funny?”
New Yorker,
November 11, 2002, 78-93.
17
D. Barry, “Send in Your Weasel Jokes,”
International Herald Tribune
(Paris), January 19-20, 2002.
D. Barry, “Send in Your Weasel Jokes,”
International Herald Tribune
(Paris), January 19-20, 2002.
18
D. Barry,
Dave Barry Talks Back
(New York: Crown Publishers, 1991). See chapter titled “Introducing: Mr. Humor Person.”
D. Barry,
Dave Barry Talks Back
(New York: Crown Publishers, 1991). See chapter titled “Introducing: Mr. Humor Person.”
19
F. Strack, L. L. Martin, and S. Steppa, “Inhibiting and Facilitating Conditions of the Human Smile: A Nonobstrusive Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
54, no. 5 (1988): 768-777.
F. Strack, L. L. Martin, and S. Steppa, “Inhibiting and Facilitating Conditions of the Human Smile: A Nonobstrusive Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
54, no. 5 (1988): 768-777.
20
V. B. Hinsz and J. A. Tomhave, “Smile and (Half) the World Smiles with You, Frown and You Frown Alone,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
17, no. 5 (1991): 586-592.
V. B. Hinsz and J. A. Tomhave, “Smile and (Half) the World Smiles with You, Frown and You Frown Alone,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
17, no. 5 (1991): 586-592.
21
A. M. Rankin and P. J. Philip, “An Epidemic of Laughing in the Bukoba District of Tanganyika,”
Central African Journal of Medicine
9 (1963): 167-170.
A. M. Rankin and P. J. Philip, “An Epidemic of Laughing in the Bukoba District of Tanganyika,”
Central African Journal of Medicine
9 (1963): 167-170.
22
S. S. Janus, “The Great Comedians: Personality and Other Factors,”
American Journal of Psychoanalysis
35 (1975): 169-174. Quotation reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.
S. S. Janus, “The Great Comedians: Personality and Other Factors,”
American Journal of Psychoanalysis
35 (1975): 169-174. Quotation reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.
23
S. Fisher and R. L. Fisher,
Pretend the World Is Funny and Forever: A Psychological Analysis of Comedians, Clowns, and Actors
(Hillsdale, MI: Erlbaum, 1981). Quotations reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.
S. Fisher and R. L. Fisher,
Pretend the World Is Funny and Forever: A Psychological Analysis of Comedians, Clowns, and Actors
(Hillsdale, MI: Erlbaum, 1981). Quotations reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.
24
J. Rotton, “Trait Humor and Longevity: Do Comics Have the Last Laugh?”
Health Psychology
11, no. 4 (1992): 262-266.
J. Rotton, “Trait Humor and Longevity: Do Comics Have the Last Laugh?”
Health Psychology
11, no. 4 (1992): 262-266.
25
H. M. Lefcourt, “Humor,” in
Handbook of Positive Psychology,
ed. C. R. Snyder and S. J. Lopez, 619-631 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
H. M. Lefcourt, “Humor,” in
Handbook of Positive Psychology,
ed. C. R. Snyder and S. J. Lopez, 619-631 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
26
H. Lefcourt, K. Davidson-Katz, and K. Kueneman, “Humor and Immune System Functioning,”
International Journal of Humor Research
3 (1990): 305-321.
H. Lefcourt, K. Davidson-Katz, and K. Kueneman, “Humor and Immune System Functioning,”
International Journal of Humor Research
3 (1990): 305-321.
27
J. Rotton and M. Shats, “Effects of State Humor, Expectancies, and Choice on Postsurgical Mood and Self-Medication: A Field Experiment,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
26 (1996): 1775-1794.
J. Rotton and M. Shats, “Effects of State Humor, Expectancies, and Choice on Postsurgical Mood and Self-Medication: A Field Experiment,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
26 (1996): 1775-1794.
28
H. M. Lefcourt et al., “Perspective-Taking Humor: Accounting for Stress Moderation,”
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
14 (1995): 373-391.
H. M. Lefcourt et al., “Perspective-Taking Humor: Accounting for Stress Moderation,”
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
14 (1995): 373-391.
29
D. Keltner and G. A. Bonanno, “A Study of Laughter and Dissociation: Distinct Correlates of Laughter and Smiling During Bereavement,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
73 (1997): 687-702; G. A. Bonanno and D. Keltner, “Facial Expressions of Emotion and the Course of Conjugal Bereavement,”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
106 (1997): 126-137.
D. Keltner and G. A. Bonanno, “A Study of Laughter and Dissociation: Distinct Correlates of Laughter and Smiling During Bereavement,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
73 (1997): 687-702; G. A. Bonanno and D. Keltner, “Facial Expressions of Emotion and the Course of Conjugal Bereavement,”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
106 (1997): 126-137.
30
V. Saroglou, “Sense of Humor and Religion: An A Priori Incompatibility? Theoretical Considerations from a Psychological Perspective,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
15 (2002): 191-214.
V. Saroglou, “Sense of Humor and Religion: An A Priori Incompatibility? Theoretical Considerations from a Psychological Perspective,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
15 (2002): 191-214.
31
V. Saroglou, “Religiousness, Religious Fundamentalism, and Quest as Predictors of Humor Creation,”
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
12 (2002): 177-188.
V. Saroglou, “Religiousness, Religious Fundamentalism, and Quest as Predictors of Humor Creation,”
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
12 (2002): 177-188.
32
V. Saroglou and J. M. Jaspard, “Does Religion Affect Humour Creation? An Experimental Study,”
Mental Health, Religion, and Culture
4 (2001): 33-46.
V. Saroglou and J. M. Jaspard, “Does Religion Affect Humour Creation? An Experimental Study,”
Mental Health, Religion, and Culture
4 (2001): 33-46.
33
H. J. Eysenck, “National Differences in ‘Sense of Humor’: Three Experimental and Statistical Studies,”
Journal of Personality
13, no. 1 (1944): 37-54.
H. J. Eysenck, “National Differences in ‘Sense of Humor’: Three Experimental and Statistical Studies,”
Journal of Personality
13, no. 1 (1944): 37-54.
34
T. Radford, “Don’t Gag on It, but This Is What Has Us All in Stitches,”
Guardian
(Manchester), October 4, 2002, 6.
T. Radford, “Don’t Gag on It, but This Is What Has Us All in Stitches,”
Guardian
(Manchester), October 4, 2002, 6.
CHAPTER 6
1
R. T. LaPiere, “Attitudes Versus Actions,”
Social Forces
13, no. 2 (1934): 230-237.
R. T. LaPiere, “Attitudes Versus Actions,”
Social Forces
13, no. 2 (1934): 230-237.
2
J. Trinkaus, “Color Preference in Sport Shoes: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
73 (1991): 613-614.
J. Trinkaus, “Color Preference in Sport Shoes: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
73 (1991): 613-614.
3
J. Trinkaus, “Television Station Weather-Persons’ Winter Storm Predictions: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
79 (1994): 65-66.
J. Trinkaus, “Television Station Weather-Persons’ Winter Storm Predictions: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
79 (1994): 65-66.
4
J. Trinkaus, “Wearing Baseball-Type Caps: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
74, no. 2 (1994): 585-586.
J. Trinkaus, “Wearing Baseball-Type Caps: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
74, no. 2 (1994): 585-586.
5
J. Trinkaus, “The Demise of ‘Yes’: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
84 (1997): 866.
J. Trinkaus, “The Demise of ‘Yes’: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
84 (1997): 866.
6
J. Trinkaus, “Preconditioning an Audience for Mental Magic: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
51 (1980): 262.
J. Trinkaus, “Preconditioning an Audience for Mental Magic: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
51 (1980): 262.
7
J. Trinkaus, “The Attaché Case Combination Lock: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
72 (1991): 466.
J. Trinkaus, “The Attaché Case Combination Lock: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
72 (1991): 466.
8
R. P. Feynman,
Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!
(London: Random House, 1992).
R. P. Feynman,
Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!
(London: Random House, 1992).
9
J. Trinkaus, “Gloves as Vanishing Personal ‘Stuff’: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
84 (1999): 1187-1188.
J. Trinkaus, “Gloves as Vanishing Personal ‘Stuff’: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
84 (1999): 1187-1188.
10
M.S.C. Lim, M. E. Hellard, and C. K. Aitken, “The Case of the Disappearing Teaspoons: Longitudinal Cohort Study of the Displacement of Teaspoons in an Australian Research Institute,”
British Medical Journal
331 (2005): 1498-1500.
M.S.C. Lim, M. E. Hellard, and C. K. Aitken, “The Case of the Disappearing Teaspoons: Longitudinal Cohort Study of the Displacement of Teaspoons in an Australian Research Institute,”
British Medical Journal
331 (2005): 1498-1500.
11
B. Herer, “Disappearing Teaspoons,”
British Medical Journal
332 (2006): 121.
B. Herer, “Disappearing Teaspoons,”
British Medical Journal
332 (2006): 121.
12
J. Trinkaus, “Compliance with the Item Limit of the Food Supermarket Express Checkout Lane: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
73 (1993): 105-106.
J. Trinkaus, “Compliance with the Item Limit of the Food Supermarket Express Checkout Lane: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
73 (1993): 105-106.
13
J. Trinkaus, “Compliance With the Item Limit of the Food Supermarket Express Checkout Lane: Another Look,”
Psychological Reports
91 (2002): 1057-1058.
J. Trinkaus, “Compliance With the Item Limit of the Food Supermarket Express Checkout Lane: Another Look,”
Psychological Reports
91 (2002): 1057-1058.
14
J. Trinkaus, “School Zone Limit Dissenters: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
88 (1999): 1057-1058.
J. Trinkaus, “School Zone Limit Dissenters: An Informal Look,”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
88 (1999): 1057-1058.
15
J. Trinkaus, “Stop Sign Compliance: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
89 (1999): 1193-1194.
J. Trinkaus, “Stop Sign Compliance: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
89 (1999): 1193-1194.
16
J. Trinkaus, “Blocking the Box: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
89 (2001): 315-316.
J. Trinkaus, “Blocking the Box: An Informal Look,”
Psychological Reports
89 (2001): 315-316.
17
“Oprah: A Heavenly Body? Survey Finds Talk-Show Host a Celestial Shoo-In,”
U.S. News and World Report,
March 31, 1997, 18.
“Oprah: A Heavenly Body? Survey Finds Talk-Show Host a Celestial Shoo-In,”
U.S. News and World Report,
March 31, 1997, 18.
18
S. A. Hellweg, M. Pfau, and S. B. Brydon,
Televised Presidential Debates: Advocacy in Contemporary America
(New York: Praeger, 1992).
S. A. Hellweg, M. Pfau, and S. B. Brydon,
Televised Presidential Debates: Advocacy in Contemporary America
(New York: Praeger, 1992).
19
P. Jaret, “Blinking and Thinking,”
In Health
4, no. 4 (1990): 36-37.
P. Jaret, “Blinking and Thinking,”
In Health
4, no. 4 (1990): 36-37.
20
J. J. Tecce, “Body Language in Presidential Debates as a Predictor of Election Results: 1960-2004” (unpublished report, Boston College, 2004).
J. J. Tecce, “Body Language in Presidential Debates as a Predictor of Election Results: 1960-2004” (unpublished report, Boston College, 2004).
21
P. Suedfeld, S. Bochner, and D. Wnek, “Helper-Sufferer Similarity and a Specific Request for Help: Bystander Intervention During a Peace Demonstration,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
2 (1972): 17-23.
P. Suedfeld, S. Bochner, and D. Wnek, “Helper-Sufferer Similarity and a Specific Request for Help: Bystander Intervention During a Peace Demonstration,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
2 (1972): 17-23.
22
J. P. Forgas, “An Unobtrusive Study of Reactions to National Stereotypes in Four European Countries,”
Journal of Social Psychology
99 (1976): 37-42.
J. P. Forgas, “An Unobtrusive Study of Reactions to National Stereotypes in Four European Countries,”
Journal of Social Psychology
99 (1976): 37-42.
23
A. N. Doob and A. E. Gross, “Status of Frustrator as an Inhibitor of Horn-Honking Responses,”
Journal of Social Psychology
76 (1968): 213-218.
A. N. Doob and A. E. Gross, “Status of Frustrator as an Inhibitor of Horn-Honking Responses,”
Journal of Social Psychology
76 (1968): 213-218.
24
F. K. Heussenstamm, “Bumper Stickers and the Cops,”
Transaction
8 (1971): 32-33.
F. K. Heussenstamm, “Bumper Stickers and the Cops,”
Transaction
8 (1971): 32-33.
25
J. M. Burger et al., “What a Coincidence! The Effects of Incidental Similarity on Compliance,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
30 (2004): 35-43.
J. M. Burger et al., “What a Coincidence! The Effects of Incidental Similarity on Compliance,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
30 (2004): 35-43.
26
J. F. Finch and R. B. Cialdini, “Another Indirect Tactic of (Self-)Image Management,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
15 (1989): 222-232.
J. F. Finch and R. B. Cialdini, “Another Indirect Tactic of (Self-)Image Management,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
15 (1989): 222-232.
27
S. Milgram and R. L. Shotland,
Television and Antisocial Behaviour: Field Experiments
(New York: Academic Press, 1973).
S. Milgram and R. L. Shotland,
Television and Antisocial Behaviour: Field Experiments
(New York: Academic Press, 1973).
28
Ibid.
Ibid.
29
A. Huston et al.,
Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American Society
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992).
A. Huston et al.,
Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American Society
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992).
30
S. Milgram, “The Lost-Letter Technique,”
Psychology Today
3, no. 3 (1969): 32-33, 66, 68.
S. Milgram, “The Lost-Letter Technique,”
Psychology Today
3, no. 3 (1969): 32-33, 66, 68.
31
F. S. Bridges and P. C. Thompson, “Impeachment Affiliation and Levels of Response to Lost Letters,”
Psychological Reports
84 (1999): 828-831.
F. S. Bridges and P. C. Thompson, “Impeachment Affiliation and Levels of Response to Lost Letters,”
Psychological Reports
84 (1999): 828-831.
32
B. J. Bushman and A. M. Bonacci, “You’ve Got Mail: Using E-Mail to Examine the Effect of Prejudiced Attitudes on Discrimination Against Arabs,”
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
40 (2004): 753-759.
B. J. Bushman and A. M. Bonacci, “You’ve Got Mail: Using E-Mail to Examine the Effect of Prejudiced Attitudes on Discrimination Against Arabs,”
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
40 (2004): 753-759.
33
V. Saroglou et al., “Prosocial Behavior and Religion: New Evidence Based on Projective Measures and Peer Ratings,”
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
44 (2005): 323-348.
V. Saroglou et al., “Prosocial Behavior and Religion: New Evidence Based on Projective Measures and Peer Ratings,”
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
44 (2005): 323-348.
34
Quotation reproduced with permission from authors and publisher: G. B. Forbes, R. K. TeVault, and H. F. Gromoll, “Willingness to Help Strangers as a Function of Liberal, Conservative or Catholic Church Membership: A Field Study with the Lost-Letter Technique,”
Psychological Reports
28 (1971): 947-949. © Psychological Reports 1971.
Quotation reproduced with permission from authors and publisher: G. B. Forbes, R. K. TeVault, and H. F. Gromoll, “Willingness to Help Strangers as a Function of Liberal, Conservative or Catholic Church Membership: A Field Study with the Lost-Letter Technique,”
Psychological Reports
28 (1971): 947-949. © Psychological Reports 1971.
35
J. M. Darley and C. D. Batson, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho’: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
27 (1973): 100-108.
J. M. Darley and C. D. Batson, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho’: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
27 (1973): 100-108.
36
R. V. Levine et al., “Helping in 36 US Cities,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
67 (1994): 69-81.
R. V. Levine et al., “Helping in 36 US Cities,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
67 (1994): 69-81.
37
R. V. Levine, A. Norenzayan, and K. Philbrick, “Cross-Cultural Differences in Helping Strangers,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
32 (2001): 543-560.
R. V. Levine, A. Norenzayan, and K. Philbrick, “Cross-Cultural Differences in Helping Strangers,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
32 (2001): 543-560.
38
S. Milgram, “The Experience of Living in Cities,”
Science
167 (1970): 1461-1468.
S. Milgram, “The Experience of Living in Cities,”
Science
167 (1970): 1461-1468.
39
R. V. Levine and A. Norenzayan, “The Pace of Life in 31 Countries,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
30 (1999): 178-205.
R. V. Levine and A. Norenzayan, “The Pace of Life in 31 Countries,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
30 (1999): 178-205.
40
R. V. Levine et al., “The Type A City: Coronary Heart Disease and the Pace of Life,”
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
12 (1989): 509-524.
R. V. Levine et al., “The Type A City: Coronary Heart Disease and the Pace of Life,”
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
12 (1989): 509-524.
41
J.A.M. Farver et al., “Toy Stories: Aggression in Children’s Narratives in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Indonesia,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
28, no. 4 (1997): 393-420.
J.A.M. Farver et al., “Toy Stories: Aggression in Children’s Narratives in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Indonesia,”
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
28, no. 4 (1997): 393-420.
42
P. G. Zimbardo, “The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order Versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos,” in
1969 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,
ed. W. J. Arnold and D. Levine, 237-307 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970).
P. G. Zimbardo, “The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order Versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos,” in
1969 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,
ed. W. J. Arnold and D. Levine, 237-307 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970).
43
P. G. Zimbardo, foreword to
The Individual in the Social World: Essays and Experiments,
2nd ed., ed. S. Milgram, J. Sabini, and M. Silver, ix-xi (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992).
P. G. Zimbardo, foreword to
The Individual in the Social World: Essays and Experiments,
2nd ed., ed. S. Milgram, J. Sabini, and M. Silver, ix-xi (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992).
44
J. L. Freedman and S. C. Fraser, “Compliance Without Pressure: The Foot-in-the-Door Technique,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
4 (1966): 196-202.
J. L. Freedman and S. C. Fraser, “Compliance Without Pressure: The Foot-in-the-Door Technique,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
4 (1966): 196-202.
CHAPTER 7
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