Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic (61 page)

Cilicia,
168
,
170

Cinna, Cornelius,
74
–
5
,
87
–
8
,
118

Circus Maximus,
20
,
120
–
21
,
122

cities: free,
xix
,
12
; Roman methods of subjugation,
5
–
6

citizenship,
xx
-
xxi
,
4
–
5
,
12
,
22
,
56
,
76
; Italian states and,
56
–
7
,
58
,
67
; registration requirements,
96
; removed from criminals,
125
; and slavery,
146

civic crown,
120
,
124

civic rights,
4

civil unrest,
5
,
29
–
30

class divisions,
19
–
20
,
22
–
31
,
95
–
6

‘classes’,
93
,
95
,
96

Claudii (family)
158
,
162
,
192
; Clodia, wife of Lucullus,
158
,
192

Cleopatra,
328
–
9
; as Antony’s lover,
368
–
9
,
371
–
5
; beauty,
328
; as Caesar’s lover,
328
–
35
,
342
–
3
; children,
330
,
331
,
343
,
369
,
371
,
372
,
374
; death,
375
; marriage to brother,
331
,
342
; as queen,
328
,
331
,
334
; in Rome,
342
–
3

Cleopatra Selene (Antony’s daughter),
369
,
371
,
372

Cloaca Maxima,
16

Clodia Metelli
see
Metelli, Clodia

Clodius, Publius: abducts Prince Tigranes,
250
–
51
; and Appius’ election campaign,
261
–
2
; and Caelius,
251
–
2
; captured by pirates,
168
–
9
; and Catiline,
203
; and Crassus,
259
; and Cicero’s return,
254
,
255
–
6
; denounces Cicero,
261
; and Cyprus,
270
; death,
290
–
91
; end of tribunate and conflict with Milo,
252
–
4
,
255
,
281
–
2
; leads mutiny,
167
; military service,
158
; and Pompey,
249
,
250
–
51
,
252
,
255
–
6
,
261
; rumours of incest,
192
; and tribunate,
233
–
4
,
236
–
40
,
249
; violation of goddess rites and trial,
212
–
13
,
215
–
17

collegia
,
18
–
19
,
231
,
238

Colline Gate, Battle of the,
92
,
95
,
98
,
100

Colonia Felix,
see
Nola

Comitium,
85

commerce,
see
business; trade

communism,
xxii

competition,
xxi
,
24
,
34
,
115
,
123

Compitalia,
18
,
231
,
237

conservatism,
4
,
194
;
see also
tradition

constitution,
25
,
30
,
76
,
88
; Sulla and,
98
–
9
,
102
,
103
–
4

consulship,
2
–
3
,
23
,
27
,
93
,
94
,
123
–
4
,
125

contraception,
369

cookery,
186
–
7

Corfinium,
54
–
5
,
311
–
12

Corinth,
35
,
36
,
44
,
82
,
342

corn,
see
grain

Cornelia (Cinna’s daughter/Caesar’s wife),
118
–
19
,
197

Cornelia (Pompey’s wife),
292
–
3
,
323
–
4

corruption,
42
–
3

Cotta, Marcus,
159

Crassus, Marcus Licinius: and
55
BC consulship election,
262
,
263
; ambition and greed,
138
–
40
; background and support for Sulla,
89
–
90
,
91
; campaign for praetorship,
157
; and Catiline,
202
–
3
,
206
,
208
,
213
; defeat by Parthians and death,
267
–
9
,
288
; election to consulship,
150
–
53
; implicated in riot,
255
–
6
; profits from position and alienates Sulla,
100
; Ravenna meetings,
259
–
60
,
266
,
272
; rivalry with Pompey,
140
–
41
,
142
,
150
–
53
,
179
,
222
,
223
,
225
–
6
,
255
–
6
; and slaves’ revolt,
147
–
50
; sponsors and defends Caelius,
200
–
201
,
259
; success at Colline Gate,
92
,
98
; u-turn and formation of triumvirate,
227
,
228
,
230
,
232
; unpopularity and proconsulship in Syria,
263
,
264
–
5
;

Crete,
170
,
173

crossroads,
18
,
232
,
233
,
238

Curia,
85

Curio, Gaius Scribonius: becomes tribune and allies with Caesar,
300
–
302
,
304
–
5
; builds theatre,
295
; and Clodius,
215
–
16
,
235
–
6
,
296
; defeat and death in Africa,
318
; and Mark Antony,
235
–
6
,
251

Cursus
,
123
,
125
,
131
,
132
,
134

Cyprus,
270
–
71
,
329

dancing
193
–
4

Deiotarus of Galatia,
314

Delos,
79
–
80
,
170

democracy,
28
,
80

dice,
114

dictatorship,
102
–
3

Dido, Queen of Carthage,
383

‘
Discrimen
’,
xviii
,
xix

Domitian,
xxi

Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius: claim to Gaul,
256
–
7
,
260
–
61
,
272
; and consulship,
256
–
7
,
262
,
286
,
289
; defeated by Caesar,
311
–
12
; election for augurate,
303
–
4
; on Pompey,
314
; death,
322

Domitius Ahenobarbus (son),
373
,
375

egalitarianism,
xxi
,
18

Egypt,
10
,
323
–
335
,
368
,
381
;
see also
Alexandria

elections,
14
,
23
,
25
–
6
,
74
,
87
,
93
–
5
,
123
–
4
; for
55
BC consulship,
261
–
3
; for
52
BC consulship,
289
–
92

elephants,
37
,
284
–
5

engineering, military,
273
–
4
,
312

Ephesus,
333

equestrians (
equites
),
93
,
95
,
105

Esquiline Gate,
17

Ethiopia,
285

Euphrates, River,
266
–
7

expansionism,
270
–
71

fasces
,
64
,
102
,
260

fascism,
xx
,
xxii

fashion,
120
,
196
–
7

fatherhood,
112
,
114
–
17

Favonius,
308
,
345

festivals,
20
,
220
–
21
;
see also
Compitalia

fire-brigade, private,
139

fish and pisciculture,
187
,
188
–
9

food, attitudes to,
187
–
9

Forum,
85
,
99
,
103
,
106
–
7
,
131
,
152
; gladiator contests,
143
; law courts,
126
; planned extension,
272
; violence,
253
,
255
,
316

freedom,
see
liberty

fruit,
188

Fulvia (wife of Clodius, then Antony),
251
,
290
,
296
,
354
,
362
,
365
–
6

Gallia Togata,
228

games: animal spectacles,
284
–
6
,
295
–
6
; Caesar and,
120
,
198
,
336
,
356
; chariot-racing,
20
,
122
–
3
; Curio’s spectacular,
295
;
see also
gladiators

Garibaldi, Giuseppe,
55

Gaul,
xvii
,
xviii
; barbarous customs,
245
–
6
; Caesar becomes proconsul,
229
,
231
; Caesar’s position questioned,
297
–
300
; Caesar’s victories,
241
–
4
,
247
–
8
,
273
,
274
; Cicero offered humiliating post in,
239
; failure of Domitius’ claim to,
257
,
260
; failure of harvest and uprisings
276
–
81
,
296
; Mark Antony in,
304
,
357
; Roman fear of,
242
,
245
; soldiers from,
267
,
268
; Transalpine,
229
,
257
; treasure from
271
–
2
,
287
,
316
; wine trade
246
–
7