Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes; Fourth Edition (86 page)

For the development of Catholic theology before the Council, surveys in volume 10 of Jedin and Dolan,
History of the Church
, pp. 260–98 and (especially) Aubert,
Christian Centuries Volume 5:The Church in a Secularised Society
, pp. 607– 23; E. O’Brien,
Theology in Transition: A Bibliographical Evaluation of the ‘Decisive Decade’ 1954–1964
, New York 1965; A. Nichols,
The Shape of Catholic Theology
, Edinburgh 1991, pp. 321– 48, especially 335 ff.

W. A. Purdy,
The Church on the Move
, London 1966, is a wise insider’s reflection on the differences in style and substance between the pontificates of Pius XII and John XXIII, illuminating about both. For John XXIII there is an excellent biography by Peter Hebblethwaite,
John XXIII: Pope of the Council
, London 1984; E. E. Y. Hales,
Pope John and His Revolution
, London 1965 is a warm assessment by one of the best modern historians of the papacy. For those with Italian, Mario Benigni and Goffredo Zanchi,
Giovanni XXIII, Biografia Ufficiale a Cura della Diocesi di Bergamo
, Milan 2000. Edited selections from his diaries appeared as
Journal of a Soul
, London 1980, and in
Letters to his Family
, London 1969. Giuseppe Alberigo edited a special edition of the journal
Cristianesimo nella storia
, 25 (2005) dedicated to many aspects of John XXIII’s pontificate. Most of the essays are in Italian, but they have brief English résumés.

For Paul VI, once again there is a first-class biography by Peter Hebblethwaite,
Paul VI:The First Modern Pope
, London 1993. The documents of Vatican II, and many of Paul’s most significant post-Conciliar utterances, including
Humanae Vitae
, have been edited by Austin Flannery as
Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents
, Leominster 1981,
and
Vatican Council II: More Post-Conciliar Documents
, Northport New York 1982. Highly influential contemporary reporting of the four sessions of the Council by ‘Xavier Rynne’ (Fr. F. X. Murphy) in
Letters from Vatican City
, London 1963–6 (4 volumes); H. Vorgrimler (ed.),
Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II
, Freiburg and London 1967– 9 (5 volumes); G. Alberigo and J. A. Komonchak (eds.),
History of Vatican II
, Maryknoll and Leuven 1995– (5 volumes in progress); G. Alberigo, J.-P. Jossua and J. A. Komonchak,
The Reception of Vatican II
, Washington 1987; A. Stacpoole (ed.),
Vatican II byThoseWhoWereThere
, London 1986; A. Hastings,
Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and After
, London 1991, presents a valuable if somewhat uneven collection of essays on most aspects of post-Conciliar Catholicism, and a useful review of the work of the Council and its documents.

For the brief pontificate of John Paul I: P. Hebblethwaite,
TheYear of Three Popes
, London 1978; John Cornwell,
A Thief in the Night:The Death of Pope John Paul I
, Harmondsworth 1990, disposes convincingly of nearparanoid conspiracy theories about murder in the Vatican, replacing them with a sad tale of neglect and panic.

For John Paul II, by far the fullest biography is by George Weigel,
Witness to Hope:The biography of Pope John Paul II
, New York 1999, massively full if uncritically laudatory: it is especially valuable for the Polish career. There is a more manageable (though equally laudatory) work by the theatrical biographer Garry O’Connor,
Universal Father:A Life of Pope John Paul II
, London 2005.

J. M. Miller has edited
The Encyclicals of John Paul II
, Huntington, Indiana 1997. Other key writings of Karol Wojtyla are
The Acting Person
, Dordrecht 1979;
Sources of Renewal:The Implementation of the Second Vatican Council
, New York 1980;
Sign of Contradiction
, New York 1979;
Collected Poems
, London 1982;
Collected Plays and Writing on Theater
, Berkeley 1987;
Crossing the Threshold of Hope
, London 1994. For his thought, G. H. Williams,
The Mind of John Paul II: Origins of His Thought and Action
, New York 1981; J. M. McDermott (ed.),
The Thought of John Paul II
, Rome 1993; Avery Dulles,
The Splendour of Faith: The Theological Vision of Pope John Paul II
, New York 1999.

For John Paul’s involvement in the reordering of Eastern Europe, Stehle,
Eastern Politics of the Vatican
, and P. Michel,
Politics and Religion in Eastern Europe
, Oxford 1991. On Liberation Theology, A. T. Hennelly (ed.),
Liberation Theology: A Documentary History
, Maryknoll, New York 1990; P. E. Sigmund,
Liberation Theology at the Crossroads: Democracy or Revolution?
,
New York and Oxford 1990; for Oscar Romero, J. R. Brockman,
The World Remains: A Life of Oscar Romero
, Maryknoll and London 1982. The politics of canonization are robustly and entertainingly handled in Kenneth L. Woodward,
Making Saints: How the Catholic Church Determines Who Becomes a Saint,Who Doesn’t and Why
, New York 1996.

For Pope Benedict XVI, John Allen’s
Pope Benedict XVI: a biography of Joseph Ratzinger
, London 2005, remains valuable. For an unsympathetic portrait written in the light of the resignation, Garry O’Connor,
Subdued Fires: an intimate portrait of Pope Benedict XVI
, Stroud 2013. Selections of Ratzinger’s own writings by Robert Moynihan,
Let God’s Light Shine Forth: the Spiritual Vision of Pope Benedict XVI
, New York and London 2005, and John F. Thornton and Susan B. Varenne,
The Essential Pope Benedict XVI: His Central Writings and Speeches
, New York and Lon
don 2009. Introductions to his theology by Aidan Nichols, The Theology of Joseph Ratzinger
, revised edition 2007. Indispensable first hand insight into Benedict’s mind in his autobiographical
Milestones: Memoirs 1927–77
, San Francisco 1998, and the four sets of published interviews: Joseph Ratzinger with Vittorio Messori,
The Ratzinger Report: an Exclusive Interview on the State of the Church
, San Francisco 1985;
Salt of the Earth: Christianity and the Catholic Church at the end of the Millenium: an Interview with Peter Seewald
, San Francisco 1997;
God and the World: a Conversation with Peter Seewald
, San Francisco 2002; Benedict XVI and Peter Seewald,
Light of the World: the Pope, the Church and the Signs of the Times
, San Francisco 2010.

The best of the surge of hurriedly produced biographies of Pope Francis is Paul Vallely,
Pope Francis, Untying the Knots
, London 2013. For the man’s own opinions, Francesca Ambrogetti and Sergio Rubin,
Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio
, New York 2013; Jorge Mario Bergoglio and Abraham Skorka,
On Heaven and Earth, Pope Francis on Faith, Family and the Church in the 21st Century
, London 2013.

INDEX

Aachen,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Abercius of Heropolis,
(i)

Abyssinia,
(i)

Acacius of Constantinople, Acacian Schism,
(i)
,
(ii)

Achaia,
(i)

Acta Sanctorum
,
(i)

Action Française
,
(i)

Acton, Sir John,
(i)

Acts of the Apostles,
(i)

ad limina
visits,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Adoloald, prince of the Lombards,
(i)

Aeneas Silvio Piccolomini (Pope Pius II),
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Aeterni Patris
,
(i)

Africa,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
,
(xii)
,
(xiii)
,
(xiv)
,
(xv)
,
(xvi)
,
(xvii)
,
(xviii)
,
(xix)
,
(xx)
,
(xxi)
,
(xxii)

Agapitus I (535–6) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Agapitus II (946–55) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Agatho (678–81) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Agca, Mehmet Ali,
(i)
,
(ii)

‘aggiornamento’,
(i)

Agnes, Empress,
(i)

Agnus dei
,
(i)

Aistulf, King,
(i)

Albani, Cardinal,
(i)
,
(ii)

Albania,
(i)

Albano,
(i)

Alberic II of Rome,
(i)

Alberic III,
(i)

Alberigo, Guiseppe,
(i)

Albigensian Crusade,
(i)
,
(ii)

Albigensians,
(i)
,
(ii)

Alboin, King,
(i)

Albrecht of Brandenburg,
(i)

Alcuin,
(i)
,
(ii)

Alessandro Borgia,
(i)

Alexander I (c. 109–c. 116) pope,
(i)

Alexander II (1061–73) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Alexander III (1159–81) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Alexander IV (1254–61) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Alexander V (antipope),
(i)
,
(ii)

Alexander VI (1492–1503) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)

Alexandria,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)

Alexius III, Emperor,
(i)

Alfonso I of Sicily,
(i)

Algiers, toast of,
(i)

Alum-mine of Tolfa,
(i)

Ambrose of Milan, St,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

Ambrosian Library, Milan,
(i)

‘Americanism’,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Americas,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

Ammianus Marcellinus,
(i)

Anacletus I (c. 70–c. 91) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anacletus II (antipope),
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Anagni, Outrage of,
(i)

Anastasius, Emperor,
(i)

Anastasius I (399–401) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

Anastasius II (496–8) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anastasius IV,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anastasius of Antioch,
(i)

Anastasius of Thessalonica,
(i)

Anatolia,
(i)

Ancona,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)

Angelico, Fra,
(i)

Angelo Roncalli ( John XXIII),
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)
,
(x)

Anglican church,
(i)

orders condemned,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anglicanorum Coetibus
,
(i)

Anglicans, inflammatory sentiments concerning,
(i)

Anglo-Saxon church,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anicetus (c. 155–c. 166) pope,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anthinous, Patriarch of Constantinople,
(i)

Anthony of Egypt, St,
(i)

Antichrist,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

pope as,
(i)
,
(ii)

Anti-Modernist Oath,
(i)
,
(ii)

Antioch,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
,
(viii)
,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
,
(xii)
,
(xiii)

antipopes,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

anti-semitism,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)

Antonelli, Cardinal,
(i)
,
(ii)

apocrisiary,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

apostles, twelve,
(i)
,
(ii)

apostolic delegates,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)

appellants (against
Unigenitus
),
(i)

Appian Way,
(i)

Appolinarius, St,
(i)

Apulia,
(i)

Aquila,
(i)
,
(ii)

Aquilea,
(i)

Arabs,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)

Aragon, kingdom of,
(i)

Aran Islands,
(i)

Argentina,
(i)

Dirty Wars,
(i)

return of Juan Peron to,
(i)

Arians, Arianism, Arius,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)

aristotelianism,
(i)

Arles,
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)