Spies and Commissars: The Bolshevik Revolution and the West (67 page)

5
. Kh. Rakovskii and K. Radek, 29 October 1918: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 35, folder 10.

6
. R. Blobaum,
Feliks Dzierzynski and the SDKPiL: A Study of the Origins of
Polish Communism
, p. 30.

7
. C. Sheridan,
From Mayfair to Moscow: Clare Sheridan’s Diary
, p. 95.

8
.
Ibid
.

9
.
Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 – February 11, 1919 to March 10,
1919
, p. 557.

10
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 154.

11
. Karl Radek interview reported in ‘Anarchists as Bandits’,
New York Times
, 23 April 1923.

12
.
The Diaries of Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–1938
, p. 35.

13
. N. A. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 38.

14
. S. Dzerzhinskaya,
V gody velikikh boëv
, pp. 269–70; N. Zubov,
F. E. Dzerzhinskii
, pp. 219–21; A. E. Senn,
Diplomacy and Revolution: The Soviet
Mission to Switzerland, 1918
, p. 100.

15
. See
here
.

16
. B. Thomson,
Queer People
(Hodder & Stoughton: London, 1922), p. 290.

17
.
Call
, September 1918 (‘Dictatorship and Democracy’) and July 1919 (‘Towards a Revolutionary World War’).

18
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart,
Memoirs of a British Agent, Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in
1918
, pp. 201–2.

19
. B. Thomson,
Queer People
, p. 290.

20
. See
here
.

21
. C. Andrew and V. Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe
and the West
, p. 37.

22
. Report of the Dutch Legation in Petrograd, 15 September 1918: SF 401/3/2; Report from Stockholm, 12 September 1918: CX 050167; File on Ransome, 11.1.5 (no further indication); political report from ‘our representative’ in Helsinki, 1 May 1920: CX 3646. I am grateful to Andrew Cook for supplying secret service reports on Ransome.

23
.
The Times
, 12 July 1918.

24
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 7 November 1918, p. 2: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 12.

13. Germany Entreated

1
. K. Baedeker,
Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking: Handbook for
Travellers
, pp. 334–5; F. J. Funk, ‘Fighting after the War’,
Purdue Alumnus
(n.d.), p. 7.

2
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 18 July 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 365, fol. 147; ‘Proposals for Allied Enterprise for Russia (assuming French concurrence):
ibid
., dep. 364.

3
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 21 July 1918:
ibid.
, dep. 365, fols 156–7.

4
. Lord Reading report (Washington), p. 4, 3 July 1918:
ibid.
, dep. 141; aide-memoire from Acting Secretary of State F. Polk, given to Lord Reading, 18 July 1918:
ibid.
, dep. 365, fol. 154.

5
. C. Kinvig,
Churchill’s Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920
, pp. 23 and 28–9.

6
. R. H. Ullman,
Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921
, vol. 1:
Intervention and the
War
, p. 236.

7
. See V. Barnett,
A History of Russian Economic Thought
, pp. 98–9.

8
. Editorial,
The Times
, 13 July 1918.

9
.
Ibid
., 18 July 1918.

10
.
Daily Herald
, 14 December 1918.

11
.
Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 – February 11, 1919 to March 10,
1919
, p. 950.

12
. Director of Naval Intelligence, 14 June 1918, p. 2: FO 371/3331/9741. This memorandum is contained in Robert Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 4.

13
. A. A. Ioffe to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, copied to Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and Zinoviev, June 1918: N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 66.

14
. B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, pp. 66–8.

15
.
Ibid
., pp. 33 and 45.

16
. M. J. Larsons, ‘Au service des Soviets’, pp. 30–2: typescript, M. J. Larsons Papers (HIA), box 1.

17
. N. A. Ioffe Papers (HIA), ‘Ob ottse’, p. 5.

18
.
Ibid.
, pp. 5–6.

19
.
Ibid.
, p. 6.

20
.
Ibid.

21
. N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 35; V. R. Menzhinskii to V. I. Lenin, 20 May 1918 in
ibid
., pp. 57–8.

22
. A. A. Ioffe to V. I. Lenin, May 1918 in
ibid
., p. 60; M. J. Larsons, ‘Au service des Soviets’, p. 28: typescript, M. J. Larsons Papers (HIA), box 1.

23
. N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 35.

24
. See below, pp. 300–3.

25
. V. R. Menzhinskii to V. I. Lenin, 20 May 1918 in N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, pp. 57–8.

26
. V. I. Lenin to L. B. Krasin, 11 August 1918: V. I. Lenin,
Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891–1922
, p. 284.

27
. N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, pp. 35–6.

28
. A. A. Ioffe to V. I. Lenin, May 1918 in
ibid
., p. 60.

29
. A. A. Ioffe, ‘N. Lenin i nasha vneshnyaya politika’ (dated 20 October 1927), APRF, f. 31, op. 1, d. 4, p. 212.

30
. N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 38. Ioffe could not resist asking Dzerzhinski why the Cheka had failed to prevent the attempt on Lenin’s life.

31
. S. McMeekin,
History’s Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks
, pp. 97–101.

32
. A. A. Ioffe to V. I. Lenin, May 1918 in N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, p. 61.

33
. A. A. Ioffe to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, copied to Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and Zinoviev, June 1918 in
ibid
., p. 67.

34
. B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 57.

35
. G. V. Chicherin,
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva goda
, p. 5; B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 71.

36
. G. V. Chicherin,
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva goda
, pp. 18–19.

37
. B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 49.

38
.
Ibid
., p. 61.

39
. V. I. Lenin,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 50, p. 108.

40
. B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 67.

41
.
Pravda
, 17 August 1918.

42
. V. I. Lenin,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 37, p. 75.

43
. B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 68.

44
. Hughes telegraph conversation between G. V. Chicherin and Kh. G. Rakovskii, 5 October 1918: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 35, folder 10.

45
. L. D. Trotskii to V. I. Lenin, 17 August 1918: RGVA, f. 33987, op. 1, d. 23.

14. Subverting Russia

1
. Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Notes on Sidney Reilly: Information Provided by George Hill’, p. 7: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1. See also A. Cook,
On His Majesty’s Secret Service: Sidney Reilly –
Codename ST1
, chs 2–7.

2
. Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Notes on Sidney Reilly: Information Provided by George Hill’, p. 5: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1.

3
. G. A. Hill,
Dreaded Hour
, p. 102.

4
. A. Cook,
On His Majesty’s Secret Service: Sidney Reilly – Codename ST1
, pp. 107–18.

5
.
Ibid
., pp. 107–8, 127–9, 131 and 133.

6
. E. L. Spears to R. N. Bruce Lockhart, 2 January 1967: Robert Bruce Lockhart (HIA), box 2, folder 10; J. Alley to Robin Bruce Lockhart, 13 May 1966: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 2.

7
.
Ibid.
; G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 201.

8
. Letter (in French, on Crédit Lyonnais notepaper) by unknown person to unknown addressee, summer 1918(?), p. 2: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Sir Edward Spears’.

9
.
Ibid
. See also G. A. Hill’s answers to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire:
ibid.
, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Others: 1921–1997’.

10
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, notebooks (1938–1945): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 4, folder 3.

11
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Petrograd), 10 March 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 364, fol. 87.

12
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, notebooks (1938–1945): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 4, folder 3.

13
. T. Alexander,
An Estonian Childhood
, pp. 44–6.

14
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, notebooks (apparently 1938–1945): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 4, folder 3.

15
.
Ibid
.

16
. Moura’s daughter Tanya made the deduction about the pregnancy from letters written at the time by Moura: T. Alexander,
An Estonian Childhood
, pp. 44–6.