Sybil Exposed (42 page)

11.
Double Bond
(newsletter of the Western New York Section, American Chemical Society) 4:4 (1931), p. 11, and various issues, 1931, 1932, available in Special Collections, SUNY Buffalo Library, copies in author’s possession; Committee on History and Records,
Western New York Section American Chemical Society, Fifty Year History and History of Its Precursors: 1905–1955
(Niagara Falls, NY, n.d.); Robert Burns McMillan, “Our History: ACS of Western New York.” Viewed in April 2009 at <
http://membership.acs.org/w/wny/history.html
>

12.
Benjamin Atlas, “Discover new soap to cure skin disease,”
Syracuse
(NY)
Herald
, 26 June 1932; “Chemists at Washington,”
Time Magazine
, 10 April 1933; “Chimpanzee shows kinship to mankind in weight of body,”
Washington Post
, 29 March 1933; “Dr. Langmuir asks shorter work day as chemists meet,”
Washington Post
, 30 March 1933;
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
News Edition, 11: 7 (10 April 1933): 101; United States Patent Office, “Insecticidal, Fungicidal and Bactericidal Compositions,” A. W. Burwell, patent applied for 8 May 1933, patent granted 17 April 1934, Patent No. 1,955,052.

13.
“Germicidal and Fungicidal Composition,” Cornelia Burwell, patent applied for 17 March 1934, patent granted 30 November 1937, Patent No. 2,100,469.

14.
Kluft and Fine,
Clinical Perspectives
, p. xxvi.

15.
University of Michigan records for Henry Wilbur, in registrar’s office, copies in author’s possession; Neil Burwell, Warner O. Burwell, and Brenda Burwell Canning (great-nephews and great-niece of Cornelia Burwell), author interviews April 2009 in Ancaster, Ontario (Canada); FRS Box 37, File 1096.

16.
Quoted in Franz Alexander,
Psychosomatic Medicine
(New York: Norton, 1950), p. 176; FRS Box 37, File 1089, Tape 13.

CHAPTER 3

1.
Information about the Schreiber home was provided in 2010 by her cousin, Dr. Stanley Aronson, of Providence, RI. For Willy Schreiber’s contribution to the Emily Post book, see FRS Box 34, File 1052.

2.
FRS Box 33, Files 1033, 1034, 1047.

3.
FRS Box 34, File 1052.

4.
Author interviews with with Dr. Stanley Aronson, January 2010, May 2010.

5.
Flora Schreiber to Willy and Esther Schreiber, “Notes on Going to Church,” 17 June 1935, in FRS Box 33, File 1039; and see File 1043.

6.
Anna Lee, Maureen O’Hara, Barbara Rojisman,
Anna Lee: Memoir of a Career on General Hospital and in Film
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007), p. 47.

7.
Ibid., p. 48.

8.
FRS Box 6, File 149.

9.
Flora Schreiber to “Bob,” 23 August 1941, FRS Box 34, File 1075.

CHAPTER 4

1.
Author telephone interview with Richard Dieterle, son of Dr. Robert Dieterle, Ann Arbor, MI, December 2008; author interview with Caroline Dieterle, daughter of Dr. Robert Dieterle, Iowa City, IA, October 2008;
Biographical Directory of Fellows and Members of the American Psychiatric Association
(New York: The American Psychiatric Association, 1950), viewed online March 2011 at
http://www.archive.org/details/biographicaldire007514mbp;
records of the University of Michigan Medical School, at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

2.
C. G. Goetz et al.,
Constructing Neurology
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); C. G. Goetz,
Charcot, the Clinician. The Tuesday Lessons
(New York: Raven Press, 1987); D. M. Bourneville and P. Regnard,
Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrière, Service de M. Charcot
(Paris: Bureau du Progres Medical, V. Adrien Delahay et. Cie, 1877).

3.
Dieterle’s paper was published as Robert R. Dieterle and Edward J. Koch, “Experimental induction of infantile behavior in major hysteria,”
Journal of Nerald Pressvous & Mental Disease
86(6) (December 1937): 688–710. The film made to accompany the paper is now owned by Dr. Richard Dieterle.

4.
Dieterle and Koch, “Experimental induction,” p. 710.

5.
Cornelia Burwell Wilbur academic transcript, University of Michigan Medical School registrar, copy on file with author.

6.
Dickstein and Nadelson,
Women Physicians; Michiganensian
(yearbook of the University of Michigan, 1939).

7.
Report of the Board of Trustees, 1889–90, Michigan Asylum for the Insane
, on file at the Michigan University Archives and Regional History Collections in Kalamazoo, and cited in Rory J. Becker and Michael S. Nassaney, “An Assessment of the Asylum Lake/Colony Farm Orchard Property in Kalamazoo, Michigan” (viewed by author in March 2011 at <
www.wmich.edu/asylumlake/social/Archeological%20Assessment/Archeological%20Assessment%20Frameset.htm
>

8.
STERN.

9.
Ibid.; and Denis Brian,
The Voice of Genius
(Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 1995), p. 339.

10.
Edward Shorter,
A History of Psychiatry
(New York: Wiley, 1997), p. 216.

11.
J. B. Craig and M. E. Schilling, “A comparison of the results of metrazol therapy with a group of matched controlled cases,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
98:2 (1941): 180–184.

12.
David Herman and Jim Green,
Madness: A Study Guide
(London: BBC Education, 1991).

13.
Author telephone conversation with Dr. Richard Dieterle.

14.
“Rushton takes hand in state investigation of hospital death,”
Adrian (MI) Daily Telegram
, 14 June 1943; “Asks quiz of state asylum,”
St. Joseph (MI) Herald Press
, 27 February 1945; James A. O. Crowe, “Ask probe into Pontiac State Hospital,”
Ludington (MI) Daily News
, 12 July 1947; “Michigan probe says orderlies choked inmates,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 13 July 1947.

15.
Peter A. Martin, “Convulsive therapies: Review of 511 cases at Pontiac State Hospital,”
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
109:2 (1949): 142–157.

16.
E. Lindemann, “Psychological changes in normal and abnormal individuals under the influence of sodium amytal,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
88 (1932): 1083–1091.

17.
J. Stephen Horsley,
Narco-Analysis: A New Technique in Short-Cut Psychotherapy
(London: Oxford University Press, 1943), p. 2; Horsley, “Narco-Analysis,”
The Lancet
1:55 (4 January 1936); “Pentothal sodium in mental hospital practice,”
The British Medical Journal
, 9 May 1936, pp. 938–939.

18.
C. B. Wilbur, “The use of intravenous barbituates in determining the prognosis in metrazol therapy,”
Diseases of the Nervous System
, Vol. 4 (December 1943): 369–372.

19.
“Medicine: Psychosurgery,”
Time Magazine
, 22 November 1942. Viewed online in August 2010 at <
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,766670-1,00.html?artId=766670?contType=article?chn=us
>; J. L. Hoffman, “Clinical observations concerning schizophrenic patients treated by prefrontal leukotomy,”
New England Journal of Medicine
241 (1949): 233–236; Jack D. Pressman,
Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 328; “Personality shift is laid to surgery,”
New York Times
, 14 December 1947.

20.
A. E. Bennett, “Curare: A preventive of traumatic complications in convulsive shock therapy,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
97 (March 1941): 1040–1060.

21.
“Books: Precious poison,”
Time Magazine
, 22 July 1940; “Medicine: Useful poison,”
Time Magazine
, 21 February 1944.

22.
Shorter,
History of Psychiatry
, p. 223.

23.
“Notes on science: Operations on the brain for insanity—‘Cat Cracker,’”
New York Times
, 5 December 1943; Abram Elting Bennett,
Prefrontal Lobotomy in Chronic Schizophrenia
[motion picture] (Omaha: Bishop Clarkson Memorial Hospital, circa 1944), available at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

24.
William Sargant,
The Unquiet Mind: The Autobiography of a Physician in Psychological Medicine
(Boston: Little Brown, 1967), p. 87; Roy Grinker and John Spiegel,
War Neurosis in North Africa: The Tunisian Campaign (January–May 1943)
(New York: Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation, 1943; republished as
War Neurosis
[Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1945]), p. 80.

25.
W. Sargant and E. Slater,
Physical Methods of Treatment in Psychiatry
(Edinburgh, Scotland: E. & L. Livingstone, 1944); Ben Shepard,
A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century
(London: Jonathan Cape, 2001), pp. 208–209; S. Brandon, J. Boakes, et al., “Recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: Implications for clinical practice,”
British Journal of Psychiatry
172 (1998): 296–307; Alison Winter, “Film and the construction of memory in psychoanalysis, 1940–1960,”
Science in Context
19: 1 (2006): 111–136.

26.
Bishop Clarkson Memorial Hospital Department of Psychiatry,
Narcosynthesis
(film), 1944, currently held at the National Library of Medicine, Historical Audiovisuals Collection, Rockville, MD.

27.
Cornelia Wilbur resume in FRS Box 13, File 315.

28.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 130, and File 1096, Tape 29; STERN.

CHAPTER 5

1.
FRS Box 37, File 1096, Tape 134.

2.
FRS Box 37, File 1084.

3.
“Former Centerite shot at Kasson,”
Dodge Center Star-Record
, 29 August 1940, p. 1 Available at the Minnesota State Historical Society, St. Paul, MN.

4.
FRS Box 37, File 1084.

5.
Shirley Mason, “Pen name of Samuel Clemens immortalizes river boat pilot,”
The Reporter
(Mankato State Teachers College), 18 April 1943, p. 4.

6.
1940 Katonian
(yearbook of Mankato State Teachers College), 1940, pp. 15–18.

7.
Linda Mack Schloff, “Overcoming Geography: Jewish Religious Life in Four Market Towns,”
Minnesota History
, Spring 1988, pp. 2–14.

8.
Wanda Gäg,
Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings from the Years 1908–17
(St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1984).

9.
Josef Breuer et al.,
Studies in Hysteria
(New York: Nervous and Mental Disease, 1936).

10.
FRS Box 37, File 1078, File 1094, Tape 14, File 1097.

11.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 115.

12.
Merlaine Nelson Samuelson letter to Daniel Houlihan, 9 February 1999, in Daniel Houlihan Collection, Mankato, MN, copy in author’s possession; SAM to Wylene Frederickson, 14 December 1943, in Daniel Houlihan collection; Author interview of Jean Lane.

13.
Merlaine Nelson Samuelson, ibid.

14.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 115.

15.
Mayo Clinic letter to Dr. Wilbur, 22 July 1964, FRS Box 37, File 1078, File 1095, Tape 115, File 1097; Dr. H. W. Woltman to Dr. H. B. Troost, 1 April 1942, in FRS Box 37, File 1078.

16.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 115.

17.
SAM to Wylene Frederickson, 14 December 1943; SAM to Louella Warnke (Odden), n.d. postmarked 16 January 1944. MC; Robert Rieber donation to FRS, Tape 1.

18.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 115; Tape 2 in Robert Reiber donation to FRS.

19.
FRS Box 37, File 1086.

20.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, tape dated 12/13 August 1970.

21.
FRS Box 37, Files 1079, 1081, 1095.

22.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape 130, 12 or 13 August 1970.

23.
FRS Box 37, File 1095, Tape dated 13 August 1970, and File 1096, Tape 129.

24.
FRS Box 37, File 1083; STERN.

25.
Sidney Howard,
The Silver Cord
(Hollywood, CA: Samuel French, 1928); Morton Prince,
The Dissociation of a Personality
(New York: Longmans, Green, 1905, First Edition).