Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (109 page)

Blindfolded by his captors, pilot Bobby Hite is led from a Japanese transport plane. He would spend forty months in captivity.
(U.S. AIR FORCE MUSEUM)

Missionary priests and Sisters of Charity ford a stream in their flight from the Japanese following the Doolittle raid.
(DEPAUL UNIVERSITY)

The Japanese reduced the town of Ying-tan to little more than rubble in the wake of the Doolittle raid.
(DEPAUL UNIVERSITY)

Warden of Kiangwan Military Prison, Sotojiro Tatsuda, bows to Chase Nielsen during the war crimes trials in Shanghai in 1946 for those accused of executing some of the Doolittle raiders.
(NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE)

INDEX

Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

Adams, Frederick, 10

African Americans, 25

not admitted to Marine Corps, 77

Aichi, 62

aircraft carriers, Japanese, U.S. destruction of, xiv

Air Force, Chinese, 167

airplane engines, 54–55

Air Service Command, 63

Akagi,
1, 2, 6, 190

Akers, Frank, 67, 68, 150

Akigumo,
2, 6

Alabama College Glee Club, 95

Alameda Naval Air Station, 39, 108, 115, 116, 119, 121–24

Aleutians, 307

Alexander, Edward, Chinese airfields prepared by, 166–69

Algeria, 475

Altick, Sherman, 367

American Red Cross, 77, 407

American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers), 102, 328, 344

Angsing, 383

anthrax, xiv, 385, 386, 387

Arcadia Conference, 28

Arisue, Colonel, 403

Arizona,
24

Army, Imperial:

planes of, 12

size of, 12

Army, U.S.:

Western Defense Force of, 76

Army Air Forces, U.S., shortages faced by, 27, 35, 54

Army Clothing Depot, 145

Arndt, Ralph, 236

Arnold, Henry H. “Hap,” 112, 165, 276, 323, 330

B-25s ordered for raid by, 66

background of, 32–33

congratulatory message on raid from, 333–34

debriefed on raid by Doolittle, 357

Doolittle given top priority by, 58

Doolittle grounded by, 45, 53

Doolittle hired by, 56–57

Doolittle ordered to meet Halsey by, 115

and Doolittle raid plan, 62, 105, 106–7, 108

and Doolittle’s blind flight, 53

and Doolittle’s desire to lead mission, 97

Doolittle’s warning on Germany’s military preparations to, 55–56

executions and, 418

farewell note to Doolittle from, 127

FDR notified about raid by, 321

FDR’s dispute with, 33

fuel for raid moved by, 107–8

letters to families of dead raiders sent by, 457

Marshall and Doolittle’s meeting with, 357–59

medals given to raiders by, 368

at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26, 34

and outcome of raid, 317

and plan to bomb Tokyo, 28, 32, 34–37, 38, 318

Stilwell briefed on raid by, 106–7, 167

on success of raid, 321–22

worried about delay of raid, 169

Asahi Electrical Manufacturing Corporation, 199, 309

Associated Press, 14, 18, 319, 324, 330, 458

Atago,
190

Atlantic Monthly,
145

atom bombs, 449–50

Australia, 27, 75, 133, 136, 151

Avenger,
96, 224–26

Awata Maru,
237

B-18, 69

B-23s, 32, 36

B-25s, 32, 36, 288

California mechanics and, 112–14

cameras on, 61–62

carburetors on, 93–94, 113, 116

cost of, 59

crew requirements for, 59

design of, 59

development of, 58–59

engines of, 59

fuel capacity of, 61

meager armament of, 92

modified for raid, 58, 59–62, 92–94, 97, 111–12, 116, 177

names given to, 96

organizing crews for, 68–74

payload of, 59, 148, 160, 165, 184

Saylor’s repairs to, 153–54

size of, 101

weight of, 90, 95

wingspan of, 67

B-26 Marauder, 59

B-29 Superfortress, 59, 448–49

Backus, Edward, Chinese airfields prepared by, 166–69

bacteriological warfare, 386–89

Bailey, Forest, 39–40

Bailey, Jason, 466

Meder’s remains recovered by, 466–67

Bain, Edwin, 93, 150

in bombing raid, 227, 228–29

death of, 475

Balch,
157, 159

Barr, George, 345, 463

and
Bat out of Hell,
183

China landing of, 265, 266

death of, 478

healing of, 478

illness of, 450, 455, 457–58, 459–62

mental breakdown of, 459–61

in move west, 110

in prison, 299, 347, 349, 400, 438, 439, 443, 444, 445, 450, 455, 460

recovery of, 463

sentence of, 404

as witness at international tribunal, 468

Bashi Strait, 190

Bataan Peninsula, 76, 152–53, 192, 324

Bates, James, 91, 116–17

Bat out of Hell,
96, 182–83, 185, 232–33, 265–69, 297, 307, 308, 395, 407

Baumeister, Karl, 71, 74

Bay Bridge, 32

Beardall, John, 16

Belgium, 10

Benham,
159

Benicia Arsenal, 112

Bereswill, Louis, 375

beriberi, 450

Bernstein, George, 179

Bettis, Cyrus, 48

Biddle, Francis, 21

on internment camps for Japanese Americans, 76–77

Birch, Bill, 163–64, 244, 333

in bombing raid, 222

training of, 73

Birch, John, 276–77

Bissell, Clayton, 168, 329, 330, 332, 334, 336

Bissell, Wayne, 218

Bither, Waldo, 223, 271

Bitter, Bruno, 210

Bland, W. H. P., 18

Blanton, Thad, 166, 224

blind flight, 52–53

Bloch, Claude, 13

Bogart, Larry, 121, 166

Bonin Islands, 190

Bordeaux Maru,
134

Boso Peninsula, 201, 204, 219, 308

Boston Globe,
317, 324, 449

Bourgeois, Robert, 70, 130, 155–56, 162, 245, 479

in bombing raid, 224–26

Bower, Bill, 70, 90, 123, 372

in bombing raid, 221, 223–24

in China, 328, 331, 333

departure on raid of, 128

Doolittle as hero of, 88

at launch, 182

made engineering officer, 88

Boyo Moyo, 82

Bradley, Follett, 421–22

Braemer, Fred, 179, 246, 270

bombing by, 197

in flight to Tokyo, 195, 196

wife’s inquiry about, 365

Brereton, Lewis, 102, 323

Bridge House, 395–400, 401, 438

Brown, Prentiss, 55

Browning, Miles, 100, 115

Browning, Patsy, 373

Buchanan, Jean, 371

Buckingham Palace, 148

Bungey, William, 396

Burchett, Wilfred, 388

Burma, Japanese assault on, 107

Burma Road, 107, 151

C-63, 36

California,
24

Campbell, Clayton, 224, 326

Campbell, Robert, 236

Carpenter, Edmund, 451

Carter, Amon, 34

Casey, Robert, 159–60, 161, 181, 183

Central Nippon Army, 310

Ceylon, 133

Charlie (Jai Foo Chang), 255, 292–93, 371

Cheek, Tom, 160

Chekiang Province, China, 275, 375, 387, 389

Chemical Warfare Services, 62

Chennault, Claire, 28, 63, 328

on Japanese drive through China, 383, 389–90

on secrecy of raid, 476

Chen Shenyan, 285, 296, 338, 341, 342–43

Chesapeake
(floating lighthouse), 66

Chiang Kai-shek, 75, 102, 269

airfield use granted to raiders by, 169–70

China’s strategic value realized by, 104–5

Luce’s admiration for, 103–4

raiders invited to lunch by, 331–33

Stilwell’s disgust with, 103, 105, 389

Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 104, 331, 332–33, 334

Chicago Daily News,
173, 239

Chicago Daily Tribune,
74–75, 324, 360–61, 373

Chicago Sun,
24

China, 75, 81, 139, 144, 191

airfields of, 31

bombers turned over to, 112

Japanese atrocities in, xiv, 105–6, 277, 376, 381, 384, 390, 482, 397, 520
n

Japanese desire to wipe out airfields in, 375–80

Japanese torture of those who helped raiders in, 384–90

as landing spot for Doolittle raid, xiii, 31, 36, 58, 63–64, 105–6, 108, 115, 129, 146, 150, 166–70, 204, 242, 244, 308

preparations for raiders in, 102–8

strategic value of, 104–5

U.S. aid to, 28

U.S. bombers in, 35

U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52

U.S. use of airfields in, 27

China Relief, 284

China Weekly Review,
397

Chita Wan, 226

Chkalov, Russia, 429–37

Chokyu Maru,
237

cholera, xiv, 385, 387, 389

Choshi, Japan, 223–24

Chuchow, China, 63, 107, 108, 167, 169, 342, 376

Japanese raids against, 327, 385, 389

Chugai Shogyo,
312

Ch’u Hsien, 389

Chungking, China, 63, 329–31, 333, 457, 458

Church Committee on China Relief, 385

Churchill, Winston:

Doolittle raid and, 172

FDR’s message on raid to, 321

future of war as concern of, 151–52

and Pearl Harbor announcement, 17–18

speech style of, 19

on
Time,
104

Washington trip of, 26–27

Cimarron,
125, 128, 131, 160, 162

Civil War, U.S., 21

Clapper, Raymond, 410

Clark, D. Worth, 318

Clark, John, 111, 117–18

Cleveland, Grover, 13

Cleveland Athletic Club, 374

Cleveland Press,
419

Clever, Bob, 252, 253, 337

death of, 475

injury of, 253, 282–83, 285

in landing after raid, 282–83, 284

in launch, 177

coal, 80

Cole, Richard, 95, 125, 155, 157, 245, 246, 247, 479–80

bombing by, 199

brought to Chinese military, 272–74

in flight to Tokyo, 184, 195

at launch, 181

letters to parents by, 334–35

medals awarded to, 363–64

Collier’s,
77

Colorado,
125

Columbia Army Air Base, 69, 70–71

Communication Ministry, 309

Congress, U.S., 317–18

Connally, Tom, 22

Connecticut,
165

Coolidge,
143

Cooper, Merian, 369

rescue mission and, 335–36

Coral Sea, 341, 415

Corregidor, 76, 152–53, 192, 339

Cromley, Ray, 144

Crouch, Horace, 129, 219, 220

Crow Indians, 25

Cunningham, Winfield Scott, 75, 455

Currie, Laughlin, 104

Cushing,
125

Cyclops (Japanese guard), 443

Daily News,
361

Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics, 51