Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (86 page)

129
 “It was the biggest thrill”: “A Tokyo Raider Tells Just Part of That Great Story,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, April 21, 1943, p. 11.

130
 “I don’t know who was more excited”: Robert Bourgeois to Ross Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).

130
 “It froze everybody”: Field, “With the Task Force,”
Life
, May 3, 1943, p. 90.

130
 “Carry me back”: Ibid.

130
 “Hi-ho, hi-ho”: Ibid.

130
 War planners had mapped: Griffin,
A Ship to Remember
, p. 56.

130
 The task force would follow: “Aerology and Naval Warfare: The First Raid on Japan,” Chief of Naval Operations, Aerology Section, Feb. 1947.

130
 “We went north”: Sutherland oral history interview with the Navy, May 14, 1943.

130
 Shore-based planes: Marc Mitscher to Chester Nimitz, April 28, 1942, “Report of Action, April 18, 1942, with Notable Events Prior and Subsequent Thereto”;
Hornet
deck log, April 2, 1942.

131
 “Our new assignment”: R. M. Ihrig, “A War Message to All Hands,” included with
Cimarron
war diary, April 3, 1942.

131
 To prepare for such threats: “Battle Instructions No. 1,” included with
Cimarron
war diary, April 3, 1942, and “Battle Instructions No. 2,” April 4, 1942.

131
 “Don’t think of the Japs”: Ihrig, “A War Message to All Hands.”

131
 “I have served six years”: Ibid.

131
 Lawson passed out: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 34.

131
 “Well, Hank”: This exchange comes from
The Reminiscences of Rear Admiral Henry L. Miller
, vol. 1, p. 38.

132
 He told the skipper: Doolittle,
I Could Never Be So Lucky Again
, p. 263.

132
 “Well, Miller”: The exchange comes from
The Reminiscences of Rear Admiral Henry L. Miller
, vol. 1, p. 38.

132
 “I’m a Lieutenant now”: Henry Miller, “Doolittle Tokyo Raid,” unpublished narrative, Box 2, Series IX, DTRAP.

132
 “The hell with them”: Ibid.

133
 The lightning successes: John J. Stephan,
Hawaii under the Rising Sun: Japan’s Plans for Conquest after Pearl Harbor
(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984), pp. 95–96; Yasuji Watanabe interview, Jan. 7, 1965, Box 6, Series 7, GWPP.

133
 “We shall be able to finish”: Matome Ugaki diary Jan. 5, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 68.

133
 War planners debated: Background on the planning of the Midway operation, unless otherwise noted, is drawn from the following sources: Agawa,
The Reluctant Admiral
, pp. 293–98; Fuchida and Okumiya,
Midway
, pp. 48–63; Stephan,
Hawaii under the Rising Sun
, pp. 89–121; H. P. Willmott,
The Barrier and the Javelin: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies, February to June 1942
(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1983), pp. 31–80; Prange, Goldstein, and Dillon,
Miracle at Midway
, pp. 1–29; Jonathan Parshall and Anthony Tully,
Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
(Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2005), pp. 19–38.

133
 “We want to invade Ceylon”: Willmott,
The Barrier and the Javelin,
p. 79.

133
 “It’s annoying to be passive”: Matome Ugaki diary, March 11, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 103.

133
 Japan had anticipated: Interrogation of Captain Mitsuo Fuchida, Oct. 10, 1945, in USSBS,
Interrogations of Japanese Officials
, vol. 1, pp. 122–31; Agawa,
The Reluctant Admiral
, p. 264; Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack,
Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack
, pp. 65, 166.

133
 Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo should have: Chester Nimitz, “Pearl Harbor Attack,” undated observations, Naval War College Library, Newport, R.I.

134
 That threat had first: Publication Section, Combat Intelligence Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence,
Early Raids in the Pacific Ocean, February 1 to March 10, 1942: Marshall and Gilbert Islands, Rabaul, Wake and Marcus, Lae and Salamaua
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1943), pp. 1–34, found in Box 5, RG 38, Records of the Chief of Naval Operations, Records of the Office of Naval Intelligence, Security-Classified Publications of the Office of Naval Intelligence, Combat Narratives, 1942–1944, NARA; Morison,
History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II
, vol. 3, pp. 261–65; Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 1, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, pp. 81–83.

134
 “They have come”: Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 1, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 81.

134
 “guerrilla warfare”: “Japanese Press Comments,”
Japan Times & Advertiser
, March 6, 1942, p. 2; Stephan,
Hawaii under the Rising Sun
, p. 101.

134
 “This attack was Heaven’s”: Layton,
“And I Was There,”
p. 363.

134
 “ridiculous”: Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 2, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 83.

134
 “Pearl Harbor was a complete”: Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 1, 1942, ibid., p. 82.

134
 “It was fortunate”: Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 2, 1942, ibid., p. 84.

134
 “Whatever happens”: Layton,
“And I Was There,”
p. 363.

135
 The United States followed up: Publication Section, Combat Intelligence Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence,
Early Raids in the Pacific Ocean, February 1 to March 10, 1942
, pp. 35–68; Morison,
History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II
, vol. 3, pp. 265–68, 387–89; John B. Lundstrom,
The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway
(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1984), pp. 85–107, 111–35; Matome Ugaki diary, Feb. 20, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, pp. 92–93.

135
 “The failure to destroy”: Statement of Minoru Genda, Nov. 6, 1950, Box 19, Series 5.2, GWPP.

135
 “Don’t swing such a long”: Mitsuo Fuchida interview, March 1, 1964.

135
 Halsey’s attack: Matome Ugaki diary, March 4, 1942, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 101.

135
 “If real enemy planes”: Matome Ugaki diary, March 12, 1942, ibid. p. 104.

135
 “How shall we defend”: Yoshitake Miwa diary, Feb. 1, 1942, Box 3, Series 7, GWPP.

136
 “the sentry for Hawaii”: Stephan,
Hawaii under the Rising Sun
, p. 109.

137
 “One wonders whether”: Agawa,
The Reluctant Admiral
, p. 296.

137
 “The success or failure”: Fuchida and Okumiya,
Midway
, p. 60.

137
 “If the C. in C.’s so set”: Agawa,
The Reluctant Admiral
, p. 297.

CHAPTER 8

138
 “We shall not begrudge”: “The Battle off the Coast of Java,” editorial,
Japan Times & Advertiser
, Feb. 8, 1942, p. 6.

138
 Few in the Navy: Background on Stephen Jurika Jr., is drawn from the following sources: Stephen Jurika Jr., Navy Bio, June 4, 1957, NDL; “Stephen Jurika Jr., 82, Officer and a Scholar,”
New York Times
, July 24, 1993, p. 27;
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, pp. 1–55, 205–7, 304–425.

139
 employed a wartime peak: USSBS, Military Supplies Division,
Japanese Naval Shipbuilding
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946), p. 7.

139
 Military police interrogated:
The Reminiscences of Captain Henri Smith-Hutton U.S. Navy (Retired)
, vol. 1 (Annapolis, Md.: U.S. Naval Institute, 1976), pp. 282–83, 321–22.

140
 “Tokyo is really a city”: Stephen Jurika letter to Harry Smith, Oct. 27, 1940.

140
 “As an aviator”:
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, p. 387.

140
 “Each time I drove”: Ibid., p. 389.

140
 “We started to fill”: Ibid.

141
 “When he went”: Ibid., p. 392.

141
 “By the time”: Ibid., p. 343.

141
 “We know that you”: This exchange is ibid., p. 393.

142
 Tokyo served: USSBS,
Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan
, pp. 1–2.

142
 According to the 1940 census: Sekijiro Takagaki, ed.
The Japan Yearbook, 1941–1942
(Tokyo: Foreign Affairs Association of Japan, 1941), p. 833.

142
 the density in some wards: Warren Moscow, “51 Square Miles Burned Out in Six B-29 Attacks on Tokyo,”
New York Times
, May 30, 1945, p. 1.

142
 Areas classified industrial: USSBS,
Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan
, p. 3.

142
 Visitors complained:
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, p. 317; John Morris,
Traveler from Tokyo
(New York: Sheridan House, 1944), pp. 24–26.

142
 These quirks: Background on Tokyo is drawn from Takagaki, ed.,
The Japan Yearbook, 1941–1942
, pp. 833–38.

143
 Wealthy patrons strolled: “Notes for the Traveler,”
New York Times
, Nov. 3, 1935, p. XX2.

143
 Broadway of Tokyo: Hugh Byas, “Martial Law Rules City,”
New York Times
, Feb. 27, 1936, p. 1.

143
 Others flocked: Elmer Rice, “On the Modern Theatre of Japan,”
New York Times
, Nov. 1, 1936, p. X1.

143
 The Imperial Palace: Background on the Imperial Palace is drawn from Otto D. Tolischus, “The Riddle of the Japanese,”
New York Times
, Sept. 7, 1941, p. 123; Takagaki, ed.,
The Japan Yearbook, 1941–1942
, p. 7; USSBS,
Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan
, p. 3.

143
 “a piece of heaven”: Otto D. Tolischus, “The Riddle of the Japanese,”
New York Times
, Sept. 7, 1941, p. 123.

143
 A few blocks south: Hugh Byas, “New $8,500,000 Diet Will Open in Tokyo,”
New York Times
, Nov. 1, 1936, p. N12.

143
 New arrivals accustomed: Otto Tolischus diary, Feb. 7, 1941, in Otto D. Tolischus,
Tokyo Record
(New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1943), p. 5.

143
 How could a nation: Takagaki, ed.,
The Japan Yearbook, 1941–1942
, pp. 837–38.

143
 “It is a city old and new”: Henry C. Wolfe, “Gloomy Heart of an Embattled Japan,”
New York Times
, Feb. 8, 1942, p. SM12.

143
 nauseating odor: Otto Tolischus diary, Feb. 9, 1941, in Tolischus,
Tokyo Record
, p. 9.

143
 “Both sides of the road”: Ibid., p. 6.

144
 More than four years of war with China: Background on wartime life in Tokyo is drawn from Wolfe, “Gloomy Heart of an Embattled Japan,” p. SM12; Henry C. Wolfe, “Tokyo, Capital of Shadows,”
New York Times
, Oct. 26, 1941, p. SM6; Ray Cromley, “Japan’s War Economy,”
Wall Street Journal
, Aug. 31, 1942, p. 1;
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, p. 321.

144
 “I’ve seen housewives”: Cromley, “Japan’s War Economy,” p. 1.

144
 Tokyo was cursed: Details on the earthquake are drawn from the following sources: “Tokio Collapsed with First Shock,”
New York Times
, Sept. 7, 1923, p. 1; Roderick Matheson,” Scenes of Terror as Tokio Toppled,” ibid., Sept. 9, 1923, p. 3; “Yokohama Is Wiped Out; Tokio in Ruins,” ibid., Sept. 4, 1923, p. 1; “Americans Saved Tell of Horrors,” ibid., Sept. 10, 1923, p. 1; “More Food in Tokio But New Tremors Keep People in Fear,” ibid., Sept. 11, 1923, p. 1; “Eyewitness Tells of Quake Horrors.” ibid., Sept. 23, 1923, p. 3; Henry C. Wolfe, “What the Japanese Fear Most,” ibid., April 26, 1942, p. SM6; Joshua Hammer,
Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire That Helped Forge the Path to World War II
(New York: Free Press, 2006), pp. 87–148.

145
 “Yokohama, the city”: Henry W. Kinney, “Earthquake Days,”
Atlantic Monthly
, Jan. 1924, p. 23.

145
 Though an earthquake: Hugh Byas, “Most of All Japan Fears an Air Attack,”
New York Times
, Aug. 4, 1935, p. SM6.

145
 To limit the spread of fire: USSBS,
Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Allied Subjects Tokyo, Japan
, pp. 71–72.

145
 “If you can start”: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 37.

146
 Doolittle debated: Background on raid planning is drawn from J. H. Doolittle, Report on the Aerial Bombing of Japan, June 5, 1942; Doolittle,
I Could Never Be So Lucky Again
, pp. 264–65.

146
 “I spent more time”: Jack Hilger, undated questionnaire, Box 3, Series II, DTRAP.

147
 The fliers pored over: Chase Nielsen testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada, Yusei Wako, Ryuhei Okada, and Sotojiro Tatsuta
, Box 1728, RG 331, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Legal Section, Prosecution Division, NARA;
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, pp. 458–60.

147
 “Every outline of the coast”: Charles L. McClure as told to William Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Flyers aboard
Hornet
,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, April 28, 1943, p. 4.

147
 “We went over”: James Doolittle testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al
.

147
 “A briefing”:
The Reminiscences of Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr.
, vol. 1, p. 457.

147
 “If they were captured”: Ibid., p. 473.