Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (96 page)

317
 “For the best news”: Edward T. Folliard, “Enemy Only Source of News in American Raids on Japan,”
Washington Post
, April 19, 1942, p. 2.

317
 “I wonder why”: Yoshitake Miwa diary, April 22, 1942.

317
 “The American papers”: “Information Please! Says Anxious Tokyo,”
Washington Post
, April 24, 1942, p. 1.

318
 “This will prove TNT”: “Washington Hails Report of Bombing,”
New York Times
, April 19, 1942, p. 38.

318
 “hardly a token”: “Congress Leaders Hail Raids on Jap Centers as Opening Offensive,”
Evening Star
, April 18, 1942, p. 1.

318
 “This is the only way”: “Washington Hails Report of Bombing,”
New York Times
, April 19, 1942, p. 38.

318
 who had left two days: William Hassett diary, April 16, 1942, in William D. Hassett,
Off the Record with F.D.R., 1942–1945
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1958), p. 36.

318
 “Until twenty-four hours”: King,
Fleet Admiral King
, p. 376.

318
 “President Roosevelt”: Ernest King to D. B. Duncan, June 2, 1949, Box 18, Ernest J. King Papers, LOC.

318
 “Hell’s a-poppin”: Margaret Suckley diary, April 17, 1942, in Geoffrey C. Ward, ed.,
Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995), p. 156.

318
 “bad humor”: Margaret Suckley diary, April 17, 1942, in Ward, ed.,
Closest Companion
, p. 156.

318
 “So many things”: Eleanor Roosevelt, “My Day,” April 20, 1942.

318
 That evening the president: William Hassett diary, April 17, 1942, in Hassett,
Off the Record with F.D.R., 1942–1945
, p. 36.

318
 Roosevelt had settled: Rosenman, comp.,
The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 1942 vol., pp. 215–16.

318
 “The President was”: Ibid., p. 216.

319
 “Mr. President”: Ibid.

319
 “What’s the news?”: William Hassett diary, April 19, 1942, in Hassett,
Off the Record with F.D.R., 1942–1945
, pp. 40–41.

319
 “You know”: Ibid.

319
 “That seemed to me”: Ibid.

319
 “The base”: Ibid.

319
 “I was unfamiliar”: Ibid.

319
 He liked it so much: Margaret Suckley diary, April 21, 1942, in Ward, ed.,
Closest Companion
, p. 156.

320
 “I think the time has come”: Press Conference no. 820, April 21, 1942, in
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt
, vol. 19, pp. 291–92.

320
 though as Daisy recorded: Margaret Suckley diary, April 21, 1942, in Ward, ed.,
Closest Companion
, p. 156.

320
 “Would you care”: This exchange comes from Press Conference no. 820, April 21, 1942, in
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt
, vol. 19, pp. 292–93.

320
 “Is there any news today”: Press Conference no. 821, April 24, 1942, ibid., vol. 19, pp. 298–99.

320
 “A southern newspaper editor”: This exchange comes from Press Conference no. 828, May 26, 1942, ibid., pp. 349–50.

320
 Roosevelt would later go: Rosenman, comp.,
The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 1942 vol., p. 216.

320
 The Navy followed: James L. Mooney, ed.,
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
, vol. 6 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1976), pp. 463–64.

320
 “Shangri-La to Shangri-La”: J. H. Doolittle, Pilot’s Book, April 18, 1942, Box 1, Series XVI, DPUT.

321
 “Mr. President, there are complaints”: This exchange comes from Press Conference no. 821, April 24, 1942, in
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt
, vol. 19, pp. 299–300.

321
 “As you will have seen”: Franklin Roosevelt to Winston Churchill, April 21, 1943, in Kimball, ed.,
Churchill & Roosevelt
, p. 466.

321
 “The number of airplanes”: H. H. Arnold to Franklin Roosevelt, “Recent Attack on Japan,” April 21, 1942, Microfilm Roll #A1250, AFHRA.

321
 “From the viewpoint”: Ibid.

321
 The general had finally received: T. V. Soong to Henry H. Arnold, April 21, 1942, Microfilm Roll #A1250, AFHRA.

322
 “Everything points to Doolittle”: H. H. Arnold to Franklin Roosevelt, “Recent Attack on Japan,” April 22, 1942, ibid.

322
 “The Soviet military authorities”: William Standley, msg. No. 121, April 22, 1942, ibid.

322
 “The crew”: George Marshall to Franklin Roosevelt, “Interning of American Plane in Vladivostok,” April 23, 1942, Box 55, RG 165, Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, Office of the Director of Plans and Operations, NARA.

322
 “It would appear desirable”: George Marshall to U.S. Military Attaché, Moscow, April 23, 1942, Box 41, ibid.

322
 “This might have been”: William D. Leahy,
I Was There: The Personal Story of the Chief of Staff to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman Based on His Notes and Diaries Made at the Time
(New York: Whittlesey House/McGraw-Hill, 1950), p. 86.

322
 “I have always been”: Henry Stimson diary, April 18, 1942, Box 75, Series 5.2, GWPP.

323
 “few earnest words”: Henry Stimson diary, April 21, 1942, ibid.

323
 “The United States government”: “Stimson Warns of Raids on U.S.,”
New York Times
, May 29, 1942, p. 1.

323
 “Don’t forget the payoff”: “24-Hour Air Alert by Police Ordered,”
New York Times
, April 20, 1942, p. 1.

323
 Brooklyn held a massive: “Second Blackout Darkens Brooklyn,”
New York Times
, April 22, 1942, p. 14.

323
 Similar fears triggered: “3-Hour Alert on Coast,”
New York Times
, April 20, 1942, p. 3.

323
 “We drank a bottle”: Lewis Brereton diary, April 18, 1942, in Brereton,
The Brereton Diaries
, p. 119.

323
 “Tokyo bombed!”: “At Our Enemy’s Heart,” editorial,
Washington Post
, April 19, 1942, p. B6.

323
 “If we can do it once”: “Remember Tokyo,” editorial,
Pittsburgh Press
, April 20, 1942, p. 10.

323
 “blow at the heart”: “A Blow at Japan’s Heart,” editorial,
New York Times
, April 20, 1942, p. 20.

323
 “For 2,600 years”: Ibid.

324
 “balm for the wounds”: “Omens of Victory Seen in Attack; Output of Tanks Is Leading Axis,”
Washington Post
, April 19, 1942, p. 1.

324
 “consider this another installment”: “The Voice of Vengeance over Japan,” editorial,
Los Angeles Times
, April 19, 1942, p. A4.

324
 “Encouraging as the news is”: “Bombs on Tokyo,” editorial,
Chicago Daily Tribune
, April 24, 1942, p. 12.

324
 “Satisfaction felt”: “Japan in the Jitters,” editorial,
Daily Boston Globe
, April 20, 1942, p. 14.

CHAPER 19

325
 “Don’t forget, America”: “Threat to Fliers,”
New York Times
, April 23, 1943, p. 1.

325
 Davy Jones and his men: David Jones diary, April 19–21, 1942, Box 3, Series II, DTRAP; Kenneth Reddy diary, April 20, 1942.

325
 By the time Doolittle: John Hilger diary, April 18, 1942, in Hilger, “On the Raid,” p. 100.

325
 “It was like a homecoming”: Ibid.

325
 “Everywhere we went”: Wildner, “The First of Many,” p. 74.

326
 “I am Danny Wang”: Alan Burgess,
The Longest Tunnel: The True Story of World War II’s Great Escape
(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1990), p. 91.

326
 “It was the kind”: John Hilger diary, April 19, 1942, in Hilger, “On the Raid,” p. 98.

326
 “Signs of every known”: Eugene McGurl diary, April 18, 1942, Box 3, Series XVI, DPUT.

326
 “The Chinese pluck”: George W. Cooper, “Capt. Clayton Campbell, Orofino Hero of Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, Tells of Varied Chinese Culture,”
Lewiston Morning Tribune
, June 21, 1943, p. 2.

326
 At Chuchow the Chinese: Greening,
Not As Briefed
, p. 43.

326
 One of the pilots: “A Trip to Japan,”
Time
, May 3, 1943, p. 30.

326
 “These people are the most sincere”: David Jones diary, April 25, 1942.

326
 The Chinese had stripped: James Doolittle, “My Raid over Tokyo, April 1942,” transcript of 1965 speech, Box 4, Series IV, DPUT.

327
 “He had the worst cut”: Joseph Manske diary, April 24, 1942.

327
 Some of the fliers blamed: David Jones diary, April 25, 1942.

327
 Fu Man Jones: Greening,
Not As Briefed
, p. 42.

327
 lost seven dollars: David Jones diary, April 22, 1942.

327
 “When we met up”: Edward Kennedy, “Groceries Fall As U.S. Pilot Pulls Ripcord,”
Calgary Herald
, April 22, 1943, p. 8.

327
 “He was so tired”: “Details of Individual Adventures in China: For Possible Use of Bureau of Public Relations,” undated.

327
 “We called our home”: Kenneth Reddy diary, April 21, 1942.

327
 “It’s a crime”: William Bower diary, April 21, 1942.

327
 “Frequently, bodies”: Greening,
Not As Briefed
, p. 43.

328
 “The rails don’t click”: William Bower diary, April 26, 1942.

328
 “Ham and eggs”: Ibid.

328
 “The courtyard outside”: John Hilger diary, April 29, 1942, in Glines,
Doolittle’s Tokyo Raiders
, pp. 274–75.

328
 “I got my first Chinese shave”: Kenneth Reddy diary, April 26, 1942.

328
 “I rode a Japanese horse”: Ibid., April 29, 1942.

328
 “When it flew over”: Ibid.

329
 Perched atop a promontory: Details on life in Chungking come from the following sources: Dorn,
Walkout
, p. 32; Diana Lary,
The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 87.

329
 “There was no escape”: LaVonne Telshaw Camp,
Lingering Fever: A World War II Nurse’s Memoir
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1997), p. 99.

329
 “distinguish between”: Henry R. Luce, “China to the Mountains,”
Life
, June 30, 1941, p. 84.

329
 The Japanese had launched: Lloyd E. Eastman, “Nationalist China during the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945,” in Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank, eds.,
The Cambridge History of China
, vol. 13,
Republican China, 1912–1949
, pt. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 567; Lary,
The Chinese People at War
, p. 87.

329
 The single most savage: Lary,
The Chinese People at War
, p. 87.

329
 “The city of Chungking boiled”: Robert B. Ekvall, “The Bombing of Chungking,”
Asia
, Aug. 1939, p. 472.

329
 named the most bombed: “Chungking: Free China’s Much-Bombed Capital Fights On,”
Life
, March 31, 1942, p. 93; “Chungking,”
Daily News
, Aug. 18, 1941, p. 5.

329
 Bombs and fires: Dorn,
Walkout
, p. 32; “Chungking: Bravest City in the World,”
Saturday Evening Post
, April 8, 1942, pp. 50–51.

329
 Air-raid sirens screamed: “Chungking: Free China’s Much-Bombed Capital Fights On,” p. 93; “City of Caves,”
Life
, March 31, 1942, p. 99.

329
 “Downtown Chungking”: Dorn,
Walkout
, pp. 35–36.

330
 The raid against Tokyo: Harrison Forman, “Chinese Elated at Word of Raids on Japan,”
New York Times
, April 19, 1942, p. 39; “Chinese Cheer News of Yanks’ Raid on Jap Cities,”
Washington Post
, April 19, 1942, p. 1; “Heard in Chungking,” editorial, ibid., April 26, 1942, p. B6.

330
 “The nightmare”: Forman, “Chinese Elated at Word of Raids on Japan,” p. 39.

330
 “We have been waiting”: “Chinese Cheer News of Yanks’ Raid on Jap Cities,” p. 1.

330
 Doolittle’s men disembarked: Greening,
Not As Briefed
, p. 44; Kenneth Reddy diary, April 29, 1942.

330
 “We were all astounded”: Kenneth Reddy diary, April 30, 1942.

330
 “For a minute”: William Bower diary, April 30, 1942.

330
 “I couldn’t breathe”: Greening,
Not As Briefed
, p. 44.

330
 The Chungking-based officers: Kenneth Reddy diary, April 30, 1942.

330
 Engineer George Larkin: George Larkin diary, April 30, 1942.

331
 “Started drinking wine”: Eugene McGurl diary, April 30, 1942.

331
 “His home was very lovely”: Kenneth Reddy diary, May 1, 1942.

331
 “I’ll bet”: William Bower diary, May 1, 1942.

331
 Born in Shanghai: Hannah Pakula,
The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), pp. 16–26; Seth Faison, “Madame Chiang Kai-shek, a Power in Husband’s China and Abroad, Dies at 105,”
New York Times
, Oct. 24, 2003, p. A15.

331
 “Scarlett O’Hara accent”: Pakula,
The Last Empress
, p. 24.

331
 “a clever, brainy woman”: Joseph Stilwell diary, April 1, 1942, in White, ed.,
The Stilwell Papers
, p. 80.

331
 “Direct, forceful, energetic”: Ibid.

331
 “The Madame”: Kenneth Reddy diary, May 1, 1942.

332
 “It was”: Ibid.