Terror in the Balkans (64 page)

Uzicé, 146; leaves Serbia, 147.
See also

national uprising, 112, 120, 125; against

German army (1939–1945), corps: XVIII

342d Infantry Division, 128, 132–136,

Boicetta, Nikolaus, 232

143; split with Partisans, 143–145, 246;

Bolsheviks, 39, 46–49, 138–139, 233–234.

contacts with Nedicŕegime, 145; opera-

See also
anti-Bolshevism; Communists,

tions against Axis 1942, 153.
See also

Yugoslavia

Chetniks (Pecanac´ movement, Serbia);

Borowski, Heinrich, 110, 117; biographical

Mihailovic´, Draza

details, 83, 137–138, 141, 305–306; effect

Chetniks (Pecanac´ movement, Serbia),

on troops’ conduct, 90, 141, 142, 250.
See

89, 98, 121, 294.
See also
Chetniks

also
German army (1939–1945), infantry

(Mihailovic´ movement, Serbia)

divisions, 704th

Clausewitz, Carl von, 25

Brauchitsch, Walther von, 67

Commissars, 96, 176, 180, 202–203.
See also

Britain.
See
Great Britain

Communists, Yugoslavia

Bulgaria, 35, 37, 76, 78, 81

Communists, Yugoslavia, and Serbian

Bundesheer, 57, 60–61, 64–65

national uprising, 82, 91–92, 95–97,

104–105, 108, 109, 128, 134, 143; pre-1941

development of, 91–92; organization of

Catholicism, anti-Catholicism in Ger-

Serbian Partisan movement by, 96–97;

man military, 31–32, 62; in Bundesheer

German measures against, 98, 100–103,

offi cer corps, 64; Catholic relations and

117, 118, 122–123, 136, 142–143, 164–165,

cooperation with Ustasha, 78–79, 93,

169, 245; support among Serbian

192; among Croats generally, 162

population summer 1941, 99; German

Chetniks (Bosnia), support levels of, 148–

identifi cation of Jews with, 100–103,

149, 152, 153, 216, 237–238; initial coexis-

122; support in Bosnia for, 148–149, 154,

tence with Partisans, 149; breakdown in

198; organization of Bosnian Partisan

Index
335

movement by, 151, 202; ruthlessness

France, and Franco-Prussian War, 25–26;

of, 151–152; propaganda of, 192; and

German invasion of 1914, 29; German

AVNOJ, 199.
See also
anti-Bolshevism;

atrocities in 1914, 31–32, 55, 68; German

AVNOJ; Commissars; NOOs (people’s

occupation of 1914–1918, 45; German

liberation committees); Partisan move-

defeat and occupation of 1940–1944, 68,

ment (Yugoslavia)

85, 244

Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz, and anti-

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 19, 28–29, 36

Semitism, 19, 51; and anti-Slavism, 20–21,

Franz Josef, Emperor, 19, 22

232, 255; and Social Darwinism, 22–23,

Free Corps, 54–55

35, 234; and outbreak of Great War, 28;

Fritsch, Werner von, 62–63

and Serbian campaigns 1914–1915, 35;

and eastern front 1914–1918, 40, 41

Conservatism, 14–15, 59–62, 64, 242

Geissler, Peter, 154, 181, 194, 208–212

Croatian Peasants’ Party, 78, 217

Gendarmerie, Serbian, 97–98, 100–102,

Cvetkovic´, Dragisa, 74

105–107, 108, 109, 120–121, 126, 143; Croa-

tian, 164, 173, 176, 195.
See also
German

army (1939–1945), Field Gendarmerie

Danckelmann, Heinrich, 80, 98, 120–121,

German army (1939–1945), antitank

308

detachments: 342d, 136

Dangic´, Jezdemir, 158, 164, 170, 311

German army (1939–1945), area com-

Deakin, Frank, 223, 224

mands: 80, 102; Belgrade, 103; Niš,

Deserters from insurgents, Wehrmacht

141–142; Šabac, 86; Užice, 100–101

conduct towards, 7, 8, 178, 224–225, 247

German army (1939–1945), armies: Sec-

Dippold, Benignus, conduct towards

ond, 76, 88; Twelfth, 76

Partisans, 226, 250, 254, 325; biographi-

German army (1939–1945), artillery regi-

cal details, 231–233, 326, 327.
See also

ments: 342d, 133; 668th, 161 (as 668th

German army (1939–1945), infantry

Artillery Section), 203–204

divisions, 717th

German army (1939–1945), battle groups:

Djilas, Milovan, 121, 144, 156, 220

Annacker, 206, 225; Faninger, 184;

Dollfuss, Engelbert, 60–61

Suschnig, 203, 207–208; Wüst, 176–177,

203–204, 207; Wutte, 165

German army (1939–1945), corps: XI, 89;

Eglseer, Karl, biographical details, 37, 40–41,

XVIII, 120, 127, 147; LXV, 80, 88, 90,

43, 233, 254; and troop discipline, 233–

97–100, 102–104, 106–107, 109, 115, 118.

234, 235, 250; association with “Austrian

See
also
Bader, Paul; Boehme, Franz

network,” 327.
See also
German army

German army (1939–1945), Field Gendar-

(1939–1945), infantry divisions, 714th

merie, 101, 176, 184, 192, 203

Einsatzgruppen, 67, 80, 97, 100–102, 251.

German army (1939–1945) grenadier regi-

See also
SS

ments: 384th (Croatian), 232

Fortner, Johann, biographical details,

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

161, 188, 196, 231–233, 254, 326, 327; and

sions: 11th, 86; 113th, 119, 143, 308; 164th,

counterinsurgency operations, 167, 172,

123; 392d (Croatian), 216

248; and promotion of hearts and minds

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

measures, 178, 185, 188, 250; relations

sions, 342d: composition, 124; general

with Croats, 192, 204; relations with

conduct, 124–132, 162–165, 188, 221, 232,

Chetniks, 196; execution for war crimes,

250, 306–307, 326; conditions experi-

317.
See also
German army (1939–1945),

enced by, 132–134, 138–139, 166–168;

infantry divisions, 718th

orders issued by divisional command

336
Index

and operations section, 126, 129–131,

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

131–135, 162–163, 165, 169–171.
See also

sions, 718th: composition, 80–82, 161,

Hinghofer, Walter; Hoffmann, Paul

323; conditions experienced by, 161–164,

German army (1939–1945), infantry

166–169, 173–177, 181–188, 191–197,

divisions, 369th (Croatian): composi-

202–207, 212–213; orders issued by divi-

tion, 216; general conduct, 221–224;

sional command and operations section,

conditions experienced by, 227–229;

164–166, 169–171, 175–176, 178, 181–184;

orders issued by divisional command

general conduct, 164–166, 169–173,

and operations section, 221–223; orders

184–188, 207–208, 212–214, 247–249;

issued by intelligence section, 222–223;

attitude to Chetniks, 184, 194–197, 213;

comparison with 718th Infantry Divi-

comparison with 369th (Croatian)

sion, 224–228, 230–232, 249, 250; com-

Infantry Division, 224–228, 230–232,

parison with 373d (Croatian) Infantry

249, 250.
See also
Fortner, Johann

Division, 229–232, 234–235.
See also

German army (1939–1945), infantry regi-

Neidholt, Fritz

ments: 383d (Croatian), 232; 433d, 123;

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

697th, 124, 132, 163, 167; 698th, 124, 128,

sions, 373d (Croatian): composition,

167; 699th, 124, 132; 724th, 84, 101–102,

216; general conduct, 229, 234, 250;

104–107, 123, 129, 142; 734th, 84, 108–109,

conditions experienced by, 229, 234;

116; 738th, 161, 163, 166, 167, 169–170, 176,

orders issued by divisional command

203–206; 750th, 125, 161, 163–167, 169,

and operations section, 229–230; com-

171, 183, 203–205

parison with 369th (Croatian) Infantry

German army (1939–1945), mountain divi-

Division, 229–232, 234–235.
See also

sions: 1st, 160

Zellner, Emil

German army (1939–1945), Panzer groups

German army (1939–1945), infantry

and armies: First, 76; Fourth, 69

divisions, 704th: composition, 80–82,

German army (1939–1945), Panzer regi-

83–84; conditions experienced by,

ments: 202d, 128

83–84, 87–90, 97, 104–117, 246; general

German army (1939–1945), regional com-

conduct, 84, 87–88, 101–102, 106–108,

mands: Army Rear Area 532, 247; Croa-

117–118, 135, 141, 250, 306; and anti-

tia Command, 205, 220–221, 226–227.

Semitic measures, 86–87, 118, 123; orders

See also
German army (1939–1945),

issued by divisional command and

regional commands, Serbia Command;

operations section, 87, 90, 106, 108, 109.

Lüters, Rudolf

See
also
Borowski, Heinrich

German army (1939–1945), regional com-

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

mands, Serbia Command: composition,

sions, 714th: composition, 80–82; condi-

80, 101; conduct up to Serbian national

tions experienced by, 107, 133, 197, 206,

uprising, 84, 86; and anti-Semitic mea-

212, 298; general conduct, 133, 143, 180,

sures, 86; and Serbian national uprising,

183, 194, 196, 202, 219–220, 250.
See also

97, 100–101, 116; and German counter-

Eglseer, Karl; Stahl, Friedrich

measures against uprising, 101, 136,

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

142; and counterinsurgency in NDH,

sions, 717th: composition, 80–82; condi-

162, 168, 171–173, 177–178, 183, 192, 198,

tions experienced by, 99, 107, 133, 219,

201–202, 213, 229.
See also
Bader, Paul

227; general conduct, 123, 183, 219, 230,

German army (1939–1945), reserve divi-

249–250; involvement in mass shootings

sions: 187th, 200

of civilians, autumn 1941, 140, 306–307,

German army (1939–1945), security divi-

325.
See also
Dippold, Benignus; Hing-

sions: 201st, 248; 203d, 251–252; 221st,

hofer, Walter; Hoffmann, Paul

247, 249, 251–252, 254, 326

Index
337

German army (1939–1945), security regi-

Great Britain, and counterinsurgency, 24;

ments: 45th, 326

in Great War, 38, 47, 161, 196, 232; and

German (incl. Austrian) counterinsur-

Free Corps, 55; refusal to make peace

gency, historical development of:

after Fall of France, 68–69; and March

German southwest Africa 1904–1905,

1941 Yugoslav coup, 75; relations with

23–24; Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871,

MihailovicĆhetniks, 144, 153, 241; rela-

25–26; Serbia 1914, 29–31; Belgium and

tions with Partisans, 241

northern France 1914, 31–32; Russia and

Greece, 72, 75, 76, 81, 153

Ukraine 1914–1918, 44–45, 48–49; Poland

1939, 67–68

German counterinsurgency tactics, large-

Hague Convention, 4–5

scale operations, 6, 159–160, 180–181,

Halder, Franz, 100

238–239; hunter groups, 88, 102, 107, 159,

Haupt, Karl, 251

181–182, 186, 188, 238–239, 328.
See also

Heinrici, Gottard, 43

German counterinsurgency, Yugoslavia

Herero Rebellion, German Southwest

German counterinsurgency, Yugoslavia: use

Africa, 23, 68

of reprisals and terroristic measures in,

Himmler, Heinrich, 88, 93, 193, 240–241.

5–6, 87–88, 100–104, 108–110, 115–116,

See also
SS

121–134, 140–144, 158–160, 164–166,

Hinghofer, Walter, biographical details,

200–202, 220–223, 238–239, 245–252;

42, 47, 119–120, 134–135, 137–141, 188, 250,

terrain and environment, 5, 132–133,

251, 254, 306; ruthlessness in counter-

165–167, 205–206, 208–212; efforts to

insurgency, 126, 131, 134, 142, 188, 325;

engage population, 6–7, 98–100, 135–137,

swaps commands with 717th Infantry

169–171, 175–177, 182–188, 224–226,

Division, 135.
See also
German army

247–249; overstretch of German forces,

(1939–1945), infantry divisions, 342d;

80–82, 89–90, 107, 132–133, 163–168, 172,

German army (1939–1945), infantry divi-

174–175, 181, 190, 203, 205–206, 208–212,

sions, 717th

238–239, 245–249; quality of German

Hitler, Adolf, approach to counterinsur-

forces, 80–82, 89–90, 132–133, 166–167,

gency, 1, 100, 201, 220, 226–227; relation-

174, 191, 203, 205, 227–230, 245–249;

ship with army leaders during 1930s, 59,

fear of insurgent attacks, 88, 97–98,

61–63, 66; annexation of Austria, 64–65;

110–116, 167–168, 208–212, 222–223;

military triumphs 1939–40, 67–68; inva-

mobility levels, 99, 132, 166–167; relations

sion of Soviet Union, 69, 172; conquest

with population, 104–105, 111, 115–116,

and occupation of Yugoslavia, 75–76;

175–177, 193–195; intelligence levels,

attitude towards Serbs, 77, 122, 238; atti-

104; performance of auxiliary and allied

tude towards NDH, 78, 94–95, 156, 217,

forces, 106–107, 120–121, 153–155, 157–158,

238, 241; “Germanization” of northern

163–164, 167–168, 199–200, 203–205,

Yugoslavia, 93; attitude towards Italy

218–219, 235–237; effect on German sol-