The Boleyn Women: The Tudor Femmes Fatales Who Changed English History (39 page)

46. Hatfield House. Elizabeth I was resident at the palace when she discovered that she had become queen.

47. Princess Elizabeth as a child.

48. Elizabeth I as queen. Anne Boleyn’s daughter was the greatest, and the last, of the Boleyn women.

The spelling in the sources used has been modernised in all cases where appropriate.

Part 1 The Earliest Boleyn Women: The Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Centuries

1 Norfolk Origins

1.
Parsons 1935, p. 387.

2.
Parsons 1935, p. 387 and Armstrong 1781, p. 69.

3.
Gurney 1858, p. 828.

4.
Parsons 1935, p. 387.

5.
Ibid
. p. 389.

6.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Richard II Vol. III
, p. 140.

7.
Badham 2011.

8.
The de Banco Rolls (quoted from Parsons 1935, p. 393).

9.
Will of Sir William Boleyn (
Testamenta Vetusta II
, p. 465).

10.
Parsons 1937, p. 19.

11.
Ibid
., p. 4.

12.
Duffy 2004, p. 325.

13.
Parsons 1935, p. 389.

14.
Ibid
., p. 390.

15.
Ibid
., p. 390.

16.
Saul 2009, p. 256.

17.
The Visitation of the Archdeacon of Norwich 1368–1420 (Parsons 1935, p. 391).

18.
Blomefield and Parkin 1769, p. 626 both state that Alice was the daughter of Sir John Bracton, a claim that Parsons 1935 was suspicious about. It appears that Blomefield and Parkin took their information from the Visitations of Norfolk in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries which referred to the mother of Geoffrey II (but the wife of Thomas I) as Jane, the daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Bracton. The visitation contains a number of errors but the detail given for Alice’s lineage may be accurate. The identification should be treated with caution. It is not impossible that one of Thomas Boleyn I’s wives may in fact have been the Bracton heiress.

19.
Parsons 1935, p. 391.

20.
Ibid
., p. 398.

21.
Visitation of Norfolk
, p. 51.

22.
Visitation of Kent
, p. 181.

23.
Parsons 1935, p. 392.

24.
Venn 1897, p. 18.

25.
Cooper 1860, p. 283.

26.
Geoffrey Boleyn’s will (printed in Gurney 1858, p. 832).

27.
Loades 2011, p. 12.

28.
Parsons 1935, p. 396 discusses Thomas’s will.

29.
Cooper 1860, p. 298.

2 Anne Hoo Boleyn & Her Daughters

1.
Orridge 1867, p. 181.

2.
The Wardens’ Account Book 1435 for the Mercers of London, p. 477.

3.
The Wardens’ Account Book 1435–6, p. 485.

4.
The Wardens’ Account Book for those years, pp. 517, 527 and 545.

5.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls 1461–1467
, p. 42 for the 1461 grant. The 1458 grant is contained in
Calendar of the Patent Rolls VI
for 25 October 1458.

6.
Sums received for the admission of apprentices during their term of office (Mercers of London Account Books, p. 565).

7.
Calendar of the Fine Rolls
XVIII, p. 130.

8.
Parsons 1935, p. 395.

9.
Acts of the Mercer’s Company 1461 (Lyell and Watney 1936, p. 51).

10.
Acts of the Mercer’s Company 1461 (Lyell and Watney 1936, p. 54).

11.
Election of Wardens 1452 in Acts of the Mercer’s Company (Lyell and Watney 1936, p. 42).

12.
Calendar of the Fine Rolls XIX
, p. 195.

13.
Warnicke 1995, p. 35.

14.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls
VI for 28 November 1457, p. 416.

15.
Ibid.
for 23 August 1458, p. 444.

16.
Mate 1998, pp. 32, 35.

17.
Gentleman’s Magazine
1855, p. 183 notes that Lord Hoo’s second daughter, also called Anne, was seven at the time of his death in 1455.

18.
Testamenta Vetusta I
, p. 272. Anne was thirty at the death of her father in 1455.

19.
‘Antiquarian Researches’,
Gentlemen’s Magazine
1855, p. 182 and Cooper 1856.

20.
Gentleman’s Magazine
1855, p. 183.

21.
Registrum Thome Bourgchier
for 7 December 1455, p. 173.

22.
Mate 1998, p. 32.

23.
Geoffrey Boleyn’s will, p. 839.

24.
Margaret Paston to John Paston, 5 November 1452? (Gairdner, ed., Paston Letters 182).

25.
Geoffrey Boleyn to John Paston Squire,
c
. 5 December 1460 (Paston Letters 366).

26.
Parsons 1935, p. 395.

27.
Geoffrey Boleyn’s will, p. 832.

28.
Agnes Paston to John Paston, 16 November 1452 (Paston Letters 183).

29.
Thomas Howes to John Paston, 13 November 1454 (Paston Letters 223).

30.
A Remembrance of the Worshipful Kin and Ancestry of Paston, Born in Paston in Genyngham Soken (Paston Letters vol. I, p. xxi).

31.
Sir John Paston to John Paston, March 1467 (Paston Letters, 570).

32.
Will of Sir William Boleyn (
Testamenta Vetusta II
).

33.
Anne Heydon’s will (Gurney 1858, p. 827).

34.
Parsons 1937, p. 150.

35.
John Paston to Sir John Paston, April 1467 (Paston Letters, 573).

36.
Geoffrey Boleyn’s will.

37.
Blomefield and Parkin 1769, p. 626, the confusion appears to come from PRO C1/254/16: Thomas Fenys, knight, Anne, his wife, and Richard, son and heir of Roger Copley
v
. William Fayrefax.

38.
Visitation of Norfolk 1563 and 1613.

39.
Margaret Paston to John Paston, 5 November 1452? (Paston Letters 182).

40.
Anne Heydon’s will (Gurney 1858, p. 823).

41.
Pedigrees showing the relationship between many of the nobility and gentry, and the blood royal; compiled about the year 1505, p. 314 (Harleian MS 1074) (printed in
Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica vol. I
, London:1834).

42.
Select Cases before the king’s council of the Star Chamber
, p. 27.

43.
Ibid.
, p. 27.

44.
Blomefield and Parkin 1767, p. 627.

45.
Writ of
diem clausit extremum
issued for ‘Anne Bolane, widow’ in 1485 (
Calendar of the Fine Rolls XXI
no. 833).

3 The Ormond Inheritance

1.
This date is calculated by reference to the date of birth of the couple’s eldest known child, a daughter, Anne, who is commemorated in a memorial brass at Blickling.

2.
Richardson 2005, p. 163 states that Margaret’s mother was born in 1430. Watney 1906, p. 48 claims that Thomas Butler’s father’s first wife only died on 3 August 1430 and that he was the third son of the second marriage. However this must be an error as Thomas Butler’s grandmother, who made her will in 1434, referred to him and his two brothers and one sister fondly. Thomas Butler himself, when he made his will in 1515 also referred affectionately to his long-deceased grandmother, indicating that he remembered her. He was therefore most likely born in the mid-1420s.

3.
Loades 2011, p. 12 and 31.

4.
Butler in his notes to Grace’s
Annales Hiberniae
, p. 163.

5.
TNA PROB 11/18 Earl of Ormond’s will.

6.
Grace’s
Annales Hiberniae
, p. 161.

7.
Burke 1866, p. 94.

8.
Hunter 1819, p. 147 and
Some account of the family of the Butlers
, p. 20.

9.
Richardson 2005, p. 163.

10.
Richardson 2005, p. 163. Lora’s second husband died in January 1495 and she is first recorded as Ormond’s wife in November the following year.

11.
Elizabeth was commemorated in a memorial brass at Sheffield church, this is the only reference to her existence (Hunter 1819, p. 147).

12.
Will of Joanne, Lady Bergavenny (
Testamenta Vetusta I
, pp. 224–30).

13.
TNA PROB 11/18 Earl of Ormond’s will.

14.
Richardson 2005, p. 164.

15.
Fenlon 2000, p. 138.

16.
TNA PROB 11/18 Earl of Ormond’s will.

17.
Bradley and Pevsner 2002, p. 396.

18.
Will of Sir William Boleyn (
Testamenta Vetusta II
, p. 465).

19.
Blomefield 1769, p. 627.

20.
Warnicke 1995, p. 35.

21.
Blomefield 1769, p. 628.

22.
Inscription to Anthony Boleyn in Blickling church, transcribed by the author: ‘Here lies Antony Boleyn son of William Boleyn, Knight who died 30 September, 1493 on whose soul God have mercy.’

23.
Blomefield 1769, p. 627.

24.
Ibid.

25.
Warnicke 1995, p. 36.

26.
Calendar of the Fine Rolls XXII
, p. 324.

27.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls 1476–1485
, p. 567.

28.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls 1476–1485
, p. 345.

29.
Carte 1851, p. lxxxiii.

30.
Will of Sir William Boleyn (
Testamenta Vetusta II
, p. 465).

31.
Carte 1851, p. lxxxiv.

32.
Some account of the family of the Butlers
, p. 20.

33.
BL Harleain MSS 433 f.100b (Horrox and Hammond 1974, p. 274) contains a pardon given to the seventh earl concerning the manor and demonstrates its importance to him.

34.
Carte 1851, p. lxxxiv.

35.
Will of Thomas, Earl of Ormond TNA PROB 11/18.

36.
Thomas Boleyn’s Accounts November–December 1526 (L&P IV, App. 99).

37.
Round 1881, p. 85.

38.
Some account of the family of the Butlers
, p. 21.

39.
Carte 1851, p. lxxxiv.

40.
Barnard 2000, p. 3.

41.
Fenlon 2000, p. 138.

42.
Round 1881.

43.
Round 1881, p. 87.

44.
Margaret Butler to Thomas Boleyn, 1515 (L&P I 5784).

45.
L&P III 160.

46.
VCH Cambridgeshire, p. 382.

47.
Round 1881, p. 87.

48.
State Papers II, p. 58 and Norton 2011a, p. 26.

49.
State Papers II, pp. 49–50 and Norton 2011a, pp. 26–7.

50.
State Papers II, p. 57 and Norton 2011a, p. 27.

51.
Wilkinson 2009, p. 46.

52.
Round 1881, p. 87.

53.
Round 1881, p. 87.

54.
Round 1881, p. 88.

55.
Calendar of Carew Manuscripts, p. 107.