The Boleyns (30 page)

11.
Cal. Pat. Elizabeth, 1563–66
, pp. 22, 24, 42, 123.

12. The Garter was conferred on 24 June.
Cal. For
.
, 1564–5
, no. 522. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth
(1965), p. 327. Sir Thomas Smith reported to Cecil on 27 June that ‘there was never an ambassador better liked than Lord Hunsdon’,
Cal. For
., no.523.

13.
Cal. Pat
,
Elizabeth, 1563–6
, pp. 280, 285. D. Loades,
The Life and Career of William Paulet
(2008), p. 144.

14.
Calendar of State Papers Relating to Scotland
, II, various.

15.
Calendar of State Papers Relating to Scotland
, II, p. 86. A report of Thomas Randolf to Cecil, 24 October 1564.

16.
Cal. Pat
.
, Elizabeth, 1566–9
, p. 119. H. M. Colvin,
The History of the King’s Works
, Vol. IV, 1485–1660, pt. ii (1982), pp. 40-47.

17. Antonia Fraser,
Mary Queen of Scots
(1969). Alison Weir,
Mary Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley
(2008), pp. 450-465.

18.
Cal. Pat., Elizabeth, 1566–69
, pp. 201, 327.

19. Conyers Read, ‘Queen Elizabeth’s seizure of Alba’s pay ships’,
Journal of Modern History
, 5, 1933, pp. 443-464. D. Loades,
The Cecils; Privilege and Power behind the Throne
(2007), pp. 88-9.

20. Loades,
Elizabeth I
, pp. 165-6.

21. MacCaffrey,
The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime
, p. 229.

22. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth
(1965), pp. 331-3.

23.
Cal. SP. Dom., 1547–1580
, p. 348. This was followed up by a royal proclamation, issued at Windsor on 24 November, Hughes and Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations
, II, p. 323.

24.
Cal. SP. Dom
, p. 346.

25.
The 1569 Rebellion
, edited by Sir Cuthbert Sharp (1840, reprint 1965), pp. 64-5. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 458-68.

26. Loades,
Elizabeth I
, p. 167.
The 1569 Rebellion
, pp. 83-4. On 30 November Sir Ralph Sadler wrote to Cecil ‘the rebels are returned into the Bishopric’.

27. The Earl of Sussex to Sir William Cecil, 1 January 1570, ibid, pp. 130-32.
Cal. SP. Dom
, p. 356.

28.
The 1569 Rebellion
, pp. 133-4.

29. Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 445-6.

30.
The 1569 Rebellion
, pp. 124-5.

31.
Cal. SP., Scotland, 1569–71
, p. 54.
Cal Dom. Addenda
,
1566– 79
, pp. 193, 241.

32.
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, pp. 125-6.

33.
Cal. SP., Scotland
, I, pp. 329, 331.

34.
Cal. SP., Dom., 1547–1580
, p. 360.

35.
Rebellion of 1569
, Appendix, pp. 343-9.

36. Ibid, pp. 250-52. That he was a member of this commission may be ascertained from the number of pardons issued to offenders in whose conviction he had had a part. For example,
Cal. Pat., 1569–72
, p. 290. The commission itself does not appear to be recorded.

37. G. E. Cockayne, ed. Vicary Gibbs,
The Complete Peerage
(1910–59).

38.
Cal. Pat
.
, 1569–72
, p. 212.

39. Ibid, p. 289
. Cal. SP. Dom., 1547–1580
, p. 370.

40.
Cal. Pat
.
, 1572–5
, p. 169. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 409-10.
Cal. Scot
.
, 1563–69,
pp. 530, 534, 540.

41.
Cal. Pat
.,
1572–5
, p. 328.

42. Captain Cockburn to Lord Burghley, 4 November 1575.
Cal. Scot
.
,
I, p. 393.

43. A. Weikel, ‘The Marian Council Revisited’ in J. Loach and R. Tittler
, The Mid Tudor Polity, 1540–1560
(1980). W. MacCaffrey,
Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588,
(1981) pp. 436-7.

44.
Acts of the Privy Council, 1577–96
, passim.

45.
Cal. Pat
.
, 1578–80
, p. 121.

46. P. W. Hasler,
The History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1558–1603
(1981), sub George Carey.

47.
ODNB. Cal. SP. Dom., 1581–1590
.

48. Raphael Holinshed,
Chronicle
(ed. 1807–8), IV, p. 536. Loades,
Elizabeth I
, pp. 222-3.

49.
Cal. SP. Dom
.,
1581–1590
, p. 139.

50. Ibid, p. 161.

51. Conyers Read,
Lord Burghey and Queen Elizabeth
(1965), pp. 233-5.

52. Ibid, p. 289.

53. Ibid.

54.
Cal. SP. Scot
., II, p. 473.

55. J. H. Pollen,
Mary Queen of Scots and the Babington Pl
ot, Scottish Historical Society, 1922. J. Wormald,
Mary Queen of Scots: a study in failure
(1988).

56.
Cal. SP. Dom
.
, 1581–90
, p. 164. Walsingham to Burghley, 12 June 1584.

57. Ibid, p. 278.

58. Ibid, p. 463. Howard to Walsingham, 14 February 1588.

59. Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
, p. 422.

60.
Cal. SP. Dom
.,
1581–90
, pp. 517, 534.

61. F. C. Dietz,
English Public Finance
,
1558–1641
(1964), pp. 96-9. For Elizabeth’s ‘Golden speech’ of 1601, see
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, pp. 355-59.

62.
Cal. SP. Dom., 1591–94
, p. 268. Report of 11 September 1592.

63. Ibid, 1594–97, p. 162.

64. Elizabeth did not, as far as I am aware, leave any record of her emotional reaction to Lord Hunsdon’s death, but her attitude towards his family after his death suggests a warm attachment, as did her loyalty to him during his life. In that respect he resembled Lord Burghley, for whom her feelings are better known.

65.
Cal. SP. Dom
.
, 1594–7
, pp. 309, 314. On 11 June 1597 the Queen granted to Hundson’s old friend Charles Howard, the Lord Admiral his office of Chief Justice in Eyre South of the Trent, with a fee of £100 a year. It is not clear when Hunsdon had acquired this office.

66. The junior branch, stemming from Robert, died out with Henry, his son, the second Earl of Monmouth, in June 1661.

67.
ODNB
.

10 Elizabeth I, the Boleyn Daughter – the Dudley Years

1. ‘The Count of Feria’s despatch of 14th November 1558’, edited by Simon Adams and Mia Rodriguez-Salgado.
Camden Miscellany
, 28, 1984, p. 331. He also observed that she was a very vain and clever woman and unlikely to be ‘well disposed in matters of religion’, which could be a description of her mother at the same age.

2. Loades,
Elizabeth I
, pp. 109-110.

3. Feria’s despatch, p. 332.

4.
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, p. 58.

5. Ibid.

6. Susan Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony; the courtships of Elizabeth I
(1996), p. 8.

7. Philip is alleged to have said that in making this proposal, he was sacrificing himself in the cause of his country. Henry Kamen,
Philip II
(1997).

8. Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 73-98, contains a very full description of these negotiations.

9. Ibid, pp. 97-8. The Howards were the only element in the English Court who supported the marriage unreservedly.

10. D. Loades,
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland
(1996), p. 123. They allegedly shared Edward’s lessons at the beginning of the reign. They were both fourteen at that time, while he was ten, but it is just about feasible.

11. Derek Wilson,
Sweet Robin; a biography of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
(1981), pp. 43, 78.

12. Caspar Breuner to Ferdinand I. Victor von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth and Some Foreigners
(1928), pp. 113-4.

13. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 192-3.

14. The best analysis of this controversial subject is still Ian Aird’s article of 1956, although Chris Skidmore has recently added his contribution to the debate. Aird, ‘The death of Amy Robsart’,
English Historical Review
, 71, 1956, pp. 69-79.

15. Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 42-45.

16. Throgmorton to Chamberlain, October 1560. TNA SP70/19, f.132.

17. Wilson,
Sweet Robin
, pp. 252-68.

18. Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, p. 45.

19. Read,
Mr. Secretary Cecil
, pp. 203-205. De Quadra is the only source for this story, which must be regarded with a certain scepticism.

20. W. P. Haugaard, ‘Elizabeth Tudor’s Book of Devotions; a neglected clue to the Queen’s life and character’,
Sixteenth Century Journal
, 12, 1981, pp. 79-105.

21.
Cal. Span., Elizabeth
, I, pp. 262-4.

22. MacCaffrey,
Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime
, pp. 93-7.

23. Wilson,
Sweet Robin
, pp. 139-43.

24. Ibid, p. 226.
Cal. Span., Elizabeth
, I, p. 431.

25. Dudley Papers at Longleat, III, f.61.

26. Francois, Duke of Alencon, as he was at that time, had been proposed to Elizabeth by Catherine de Medici, his mother, when the negotiations with his elder brother Henri collapsed in 1571. He became Duke of Anjou when Henri succeeded to the throne as Henri III in 1574. Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony
, pp. 130- 153.

27. Alan Young,
Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments
(1987), p. 153. Roy Strong,
The Cult of Elizabeth
(1977).

28. This is a view not shared by Susan Doran, who considers that Elizabeth preferred consensual advice. However, the way in which she played the Earl of Sussex against Dudley, and Cecil against both of them does not suggest that.