The Boleyns (34 page)
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[1]
History of Parliament, Biographies
(1936), p. 90.
[2]
Calendar of the Patent Rolls, 1452–61
, p. 216.
[3]
A. B. Beavan,
The Aldermen of the City of London
(1904), I, pp. 90, 272; II, pp. 10, 164.
[4]
History of Parliament
, loc cit.
[5]
Cal. Pat., 1446–1452
, pp. 130, 225.
[6]
Ibid, p. 472. Gascony fell to the French in 1453.
[7]
History of Parliament, loc.cit
.
[8]
Ibid.
[9]
Charles Ross,
Edward IV
(1974), pp. 166-7.
[10]
R. Sharpe,
Letter Books of the City of London
(1894–9). Letter Book L, p. 19.
[11]
ODNB
, sub Thomas Boleyn. Thomas Butler was the brother and heir of John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond, who died in October 1476.
[12]
Cal. Pat., 1476–85
, pp. 343, 466. William Boleyn’s story is complicated by the fact that there was another William Boleyn, described as a gentleman, who was a collector of taxes in Lincolnshire in 1463, and for the Port of Boston in 1485. However, that William appears to have died in 1491.
Cal. Fine., 1461–1471
, p. 104, and
Cal. Fine., 1485–1509
, pp. 36-7, 136.
[13]
Ibid, pp. 397, 490.
[14]
Calendar of the Close Rolls, 1485–1500
, no. 143.
[15]
Cal. Pat., 1485–1494
, pp. 294, 349.
[16]
ODNB
. The Earl of Surrey was restored to his father’s dukedom of Norfolk in 1514. His son, who succeeded him in the dukedom in 1524, married Anne, a younger daughter of King Edward IV.
[17]
It was normal practice for noblemen and major gentry to run these schoolrooms when they had children of an appropriate age. It was also quite usual for children to be sent to other suitable homes for their upbringing, although there is no sign of that happening in this case.
[18]
Calendar of the Fine Rolls, 1485–1509
, no. 668.
Cal. Pat., 1494–1509
, no. 273.
[19]
ODNB
. The birth dates of all Thomas’s children are conjectural. See G. W. Bernard,
Anne Boleyn: Fatal Attractions
(2010), pp. 4- 19.
[20]
Ibid, p. 5.
[21]
Cal. Pat., 1494–1509
, pp. 479, 484. On enfeofment to use, see K. B. MacFarlane,
The Nobility of Later Medieval England
(1973), pp. 76-8, 217-219.
[22]
Cal. Fin., 1485–1509
, no. 829, 11 November 1505.
[23]
S. T. Bindoff,
The House of Commons, 1509–1558
(1982), sub. James Boleyn.
[24]
Ibid.
[25]
Ibid. The earldom of Wiltshire was revived for William Paulet, Lord St John, in 1550.
[26]
For Jane Rochford’s behaviour in the summer of 1541, see D. Loades,
The Tudor Queens of England
(2009), pp. 144-8 and L. B. Smith,
A Tudor Tragedy
(1961), pp. 173-207. Jenny Rowley- Williams,
Jane Rochford
, (2011).
[27]
Bindoff,
House of Commons
.
[28]
Letters and Papers … of the Reign of Henry VIII
, I, no. 698. He was supporting Sir Charles Brandon.
[29]
For Henry’s essentially backward looking attitude at this time, and particularly his obsession with Henry V, see J. J. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
(1968), pp. 23-4. He commissioned a life of his hero, which was translated into English in 1513, and edited by C. L. Kingsford in 1911.
[30]
Calendar of State Papers, Spanish
, II, p. 44. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, p. 26.
[31]
Garrett Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
, (1963), p. 97.
[32]
Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, pp. 26-7.
[33]
Polydore Vergil,
Anglica Historia
, ed. D. Hay, (Camden Society, 1950), p. 163.
[34]
Edward Hall,
Chronicle
(ed. 1806), pp. 520 et seq.
[35]
Letters and Papers
, I, nos. 81 (11 May 1509), 707 (27 February 1511).
[36]
Ibid, no. 1186. War had been declared at the end of April. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, p. 29.
[37]
Letters and Papers
, I, no. 1229.
[38]
L & P
, I, no. 1448. Eric Ives,
The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn
, (2004), p. 11.
[39]
L & P
, I, no. 2055.
[40]
Ibid, no. 1279. On Thomas’s ease of manner, both with the Archduchess and the King, see Ives,
Life and Death
, pp. 11, 18.
[41]
L & P
, I, no. 1587.
[42]
Edward Echyngham to Wolsey, 5 May 1513. Alfred Spont,
Letters and Papers relating to the War with France, 1512–1513
(1897), pp. 145, 53.
[43]
For a discussion of the deployment of this household, see Charles Cruikshank,
Henry VIII and the Invasion of France
(1990), pp. 30- 31. His Chamber Staff totalled 579.
[44]
Ibid, pp. 105-7.
[45]
Calendar of State Papers, Venetian
, II, no. 316.
[46]
F. Nitti,
Leo X e la Sua Politica
(1892). Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, p. 51.
[47]
L & P
, I, no. 2964.
[48]
For an assessment of Mary’s character, see
ODNB
sub Mary Stafford.