The Bolivian Diary (37 page)

EGP (Ejército Guerrillero del Pueblo).
People's Guerrilla Army (Argentina).

ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia).
National Liberation Army of Bolivia.

ELN.
National Liberation Army of Peru.

Ernesto.
See MAYMURA HURTADO, FREDDY (Ernesto or El Médico).

Estanislao.
See MONJE MOLINA, MARIO (Estanislao, Monje, Mario or Negro).

Eusebio.
See TAPIA ARUN, EUSEBIO (Eusebio).

Eustaquio.
See GALVÁN HIDALGO, LUCIO EDILBERTO (Eustaquio).

Falange.
Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB), an ultra-right party.

Félix.
See SUÁREZ GAYOL, JESÚS (Félix or Rubio).

FERNÁNDEZ MONTES DE OCA, ALBERTO (Pacho
or
Pachungo).
A Cuban, born near Santiago de Cuba in 1935. When the Sierra Maestra campaign ended, he had achieved the rank of captain in the Rebel Army. He occupied different posts in the Cuban government, including director of mines in the Ministry of Industry. He arrived in La Paz on September 3, 1966, with instructions from Che to transfer operations to the Alto Beni agricultural region. He returned to Bolivia on November 3, 1966, and with Che traveled to the Ñacahuazú farm, guided by Loro, Tuma, and Pombo. He died on October 9 of wounds received in the battle of Quebrada del Yuro.

Fernando.
See GUEVARA DE LA SERNA, ERNESTO (Che, Mongo, Ramón, or Fernando).

Frenchman, The.
See DEBRAY, JULES RÉGIS (the Frenchman, Dantón, or Debray).

GALVÁN HIDALGO, LUCIO EDILBERTO (Eustaquio).
Born in the city of Huancayo, Peru, in 1937. He was a member of the Peruvian ELN and joined the guerrilla forces, together with Negro and Chino, in March 1967. He was killed in combat in Cajones, at the fork of the Río Grande and Mizque rivers on October 14, 1967.

GELMAN, JUAN.
Argentine revolutionary and member of the Communist Party of Argentina.

GUEVARA DE LA SERNA, ERNESTO (Che, Mongo, Ramón, or Fernando).
Born in Rosario, Argentina, on June 14, 1928. After graduating with a degree in medicine, Guevara traveled to Bolivia in 1953, undertaking his second trip around Latin America. He subsequently participated in the revolutionary struggle in Guatemala. After the Guatemalan government was crushed in 1954, he left for Mexico and while there signed up for the November 1956 expedition on the
Granma
to launch the guerrilla struggle against the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. From the first moments of the struggle in the Sierra Maestra, Che stood out as a military and political leader and later held key posts in the Cuban revolution, which triumphed on January 1, 1959. In 1965, he surrendered all his official positions within the Cuban government, and left secretly for the Congo, at the head of a Cuban contingent, to support the anticolonial struggle in Africa. Subsequently, in November 1966, Che went to Bolivia, where he led the guerrilla movement up to October 8, 1967, when he was captured and wounded by the Bolivian Army at Quebrada del Yuro. He was murdered the following day, at a school in the town of La Higuera, close to Vallegrande. His remains, located after a long search, were returned to Cuba in July 1997.

GUEVARA RODRÍGUEZ, MOISÉS (Moisés
or
Guevara).
A Bolivian, born in Cataricagua on December 25, 1939. He worked in the Huanuni mines and in 1965 was fired as a result of the repression waged by General Barrientos's government. He was a member of the PCB and later joined the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist), from which he was expelled due to his differences with party leader Oscar Zamora Medinacelli. He joined the guerrilla force in March 1967, following an initial meeting with Che in January, in which he agreed to recruit a group of combatants. He belonged to the center group, but due to health problems, remained in the rear guard, led by Joaquín. He was killed in the ambush at Vado del Yeso on August 31, 1967.

Guevara.
See GUEVARA RODRÍGUEZ, MOISÉS (Moisés or Guevara).

GUTIÉRREZ ARDAYA, MARIO (Julio).
A Bolivian, born in Sachojere, near the city of Trinidad, in the state of Beni, on May 22, 1939. A member of the PCB, he graduated as a doctor in Cuba and joined the guerrilla movement in March 1967. He was killed, together with Coco and Miguel, in the ambush at Quebrada del Batán, near La Higuera, on September 26, 1967.

GUZMÁN LARA, LOYOLA.
A Bolivian woman member of the national executive committee of the Bolivian Communist Youth until February 1967. In January 1967, she met with Che, who assigned her the task of handling the finances of the movement's urban network. She was detained in September 1967, following the discovery of photographs found in the Ñacahuazú farm caves, but freed in 1970, in exchange for the German hostages captured by the guerrilla force at Teoponte. Guzmán rejoined the ELN's clandestine struggle during the
Hugo Bánzer dictatorship and was again detained in 1972 when she entered Chile clandestinely with her husband who was subsequently disappeared.

GUZMÁN LARA, VICENTA.
Sister of Loyola Guzmán.

GUZMÁN, ROBLES.
Bolivian peasant who was detained by the Bolivian Army when he returned from purchasing food for the guerrillas.

HERNÁNDEZ OSORIO, MANUEL (Miguel
or
Manuel).
Born in the Santa Rita neighborhood, Granma province, Cuba, in 1931. A veteran of the Sierra Maestra, he attained the rank of captain in the Rebel Army, under Che's command. He joined the guerrilla forces at the end of November 1966 and was designated chief of the vanguard detachment, replacing Marcos. He was killed at Quebrada del Batán, close to La Higuera, on September 26, 1967.

HUANCA FLORES, FRANCISCO (Pablo
or
Pablito).
Born in Bolivia in 1945, either in the state of Oruro, or the village of Laja. He joined Moisés Guevara's group and was assigned to the vanguard detachment. He was the youngest among the guerrillas. Surviving the Quebrada del Yuro action, he went with the group of survivors to the fork of the Mizque and Río Grande rivers, where he was killed on October 14, 1967.

Humberto.
See VÁZQUEZ VIAÑA, HUMBERTO (Humberto).

Inti.
See PEREDO LEIGUE, GUIDO (Inti).

Iván.
See MONTERO, IVÁN (Renán or Iván).

JCB.
Bolivian Communist Youth.

JIMÉNEZ BAZÁN, ORLANDO (Camba).
Born in Riberalta, state of Beni, Bolivia, on June 27, 1934. A Bolivian peasant leader and member of the PCB, he initially worked as an
unskilled laborer on the farm at Alto Beni, an area where it was initially planned to launch the guerrilla campaign. In December 1966, he was transferred to the Ñacahuazú farm and assigned to the vanguard detachment. He had asked to be discharged from the guerrilla force, and after he deserted he was captured on September 27, 1967, near La Higuera. He was taken to the military tribunal in Camiri, and was a prosecution witness against Debray and Bustos. After being freed in 1970, he obtained political asylum in Sweden, where he died in 1994.

JIMÉNEZ TARDÍO, ANTONIO (Pan Divino
or
Pedro).
Born in Tarata, Cochabamba, Bolivia, on May 3, 1941. An activist in the Bolivian Communist Youth, he was a member of its national executive committee until February 1967. He joined the guerrilla struggle at the end of 1966 and was assigned to the rear guard. He died fighting in the Iñaó mountains on August 9, 1967.

Joaquín.
See ACUÑA NÚÑEZ, JUAN VITALIO (Joaquín or Vilo).

Jorge.
See VÁZQUEZ VIAÑA, JORGE (Bigotes, Loro, or Jorge).

JOZAMI, EDUARDO.
Former member of the Argentine Communist Party. Journalist and lawyer.

Julio.
See GUTIÉRREZ ARDAYA, MARIO (Julio).

KOLLE CUETO, JORGE (Kolle).
Organizational secretary of the Bolivian Communist Party.

Lagunillero, The.
See CHÁVEZ, MARIO (the Lagunillero).

LECHÍN OQUENDO, JUAN.
Key leader of the Bolivian Workers' Confederation (COB).

LEONI, RAÚL.
President of Venezuela in 1967.

Loro.
See VÁZQUEZ VIAÑA, JORGE (Bigotes, Loro, or Jorge).

Loyola.
See GUZMÁN LARA, LOYOLA.

LOZANO, Dr. HUGO.
Bolivian stomatologist, member of the guerrilla movement's urban network in La Paz.

LUCAS, Don.
Peasant farmer who collaborated with the guerrillas.

Luis.
See ARANA CAMPERO, JAIME (Chapaco or Luis).

MACHÍN HOED DE BECHE, GUSTAVO (Alejandro).
Born in Havana, Cuba, in 1937. He participated in the struggle against Batista, in the ranks of the Revolutionary Directorate, reaching the rank of major. He was Vice-Minister of Industry in the Cuban revolutionary government and a top military official in Matanzas province. He joined the guerrilla force in November 1966 and was appointed by Che as chief of operations. He belonged to the center group, but due to health problems, remained in the rear guard. He was killed at Vado del Yeso on August 31, 1967.

Manila.
Code for Cuba.

Manuel.
See HERNÁNDEZ OSORIO, MANUEL (Miguel or Manuel).

Marcos.
See SÁNCHEZ DÍAZ, ANTONIO (Marcos or Pinares).

Mario.
See MONJE MOLINA, MARIO (Estanislao, Monje, Mario or Negro).

MARTÍNEZ TAMAYO, JOSÉ MARÍA (Papi, Ricardo, Chinchu, Mbili
or
Taco).
Born in Mayarí, Holguín province, Cuba, in 1937. He participated in the clandestine struggle of the July 26 Movement and then joined the Rebel Army to fight on the Second Eastern Front during the war against Batista. By the end of the revolutionary war, he had attained the rank of
sergeant, commanding a tank. He was among the founders of the Ministry of the Interior and attained the rank of captain in the Revolutionary Armed Forces. He completed several internationalist missions and arrived in Bolivia for the first time in July 1963, to coordinate, together with the Bolivian Communist Party, support for the People's Guerrilla Army (EGP) that was operating in northern Argentina under the leadership of Ricardo Masetti. He fought in the Congo with Che and returned to La Paz in March 1966 to prepare for Che's arrival. He belonged to the center group. He was seriously wounded on July 30, 1967, and died shortly afterwards while being cared for by his compañeros.

MARTÍNEZ TAMAYO, RENÉ (Arturo).
Born in Mayarí, Holguín province, Cuba, in 1941. A combatant in the Sierra Maestra, after the revolution he worked in the Ministry of the Interior and in the research department of the Rebel Army. He arrived at the Ñacahuazú farm in December 1966 and joined the center group, and was put in charge of radio communications. He was killed in the battle of Quebrada del Yuro on October 8, 1967.

MASETTI, JORGE RICARDO (Segundo).
An Argentine, Jorge Ricardo Masetti was the first Latin American journalist to interview Fidel Castro and Che and others, in the Sierra Maestra in 1958. After the revolution, he was the founder and first director of the Prensa Latina news agency. Later, as a leader of the People's Guerrilla Army (EGP) Masetti (known as Comandante Segundo) was killed in combat on April 21, 1964, in the Salta mountains of northern Argentina.

Mauricio.
See BUSTOS, CIRO (Mauricio, Pelao, Pelado, or Carlos).

MAYMURA HURTADO, FREDDY (Ernesto
or
El Médico).
A Bolivian, born in Trinidad, state of Beni, on October 18, 1941. A member of the PCB, he graduated as a doctor in Cuba, and joined the guerrilla forces in November 1966. He was captured alive in the ambush at Vado del Yeso, but because he refused to collaborate, he was killed by his captors on August 31, 1967.

Médico, El.
See CABRERA FLORES, RESTITUTO JOSÉ (El Médico or Negro).

Médico, El.
See DE LA CONCEPCIÓN DE LA PEDRAJA, OCTAVIO (Moro, Morogoro, Muganga, El Médico, or Tavito).

Médico, El.
See MAYMURA HURTADO, FREDDY (Ernesto or El Médico).

MELGAR, ANTONIO.
Courier for the Bolivian Army, killed in combat.

MÉNDEZ KORNE, JULIO (Ñato).
A Bolivian, born in Trinidad, state of Beni on February 23, 1937. He was a member of the PCB. Before arriving at the Ñacahuazú farm, he was in charge of the farm at Alto Beni, which was considered by Che and the Cuban officials as an alternative site for launching the guerrilla campaign. He functioned as head of supplies and weapons. He survived the battle at Quebrada del Yuro, but after the encirclement had been broken, was killed in the final military action on November 15, 1967.

Merci.
See ALVARADO MARÍN, CARLOS CONRADO DE JESÚS (Merci).

Miguel.
See HERNÁNDEZ OSORIO, MANUEL (Miguel or Manuel).

MNR.
National Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento Nacionalista Revolución) came to power in the 1952 revolution in Bolivia.

Moisés.
See GUEVARA RODRÍGUEZ, MOISÉS (Moisés or Guevara).

Mongo.
See GUEVARA DE LA SERNA, ERNESTO (Che, Mongo, Ramón, or Fernando).

MONJE MOLINA, MARIO (Estanislao, Monje, Mario
or
Negro).
A Bolivian teacher by profession, from a very young age Monje was active in political work and became the first secretary of the Bolivian Communist Party, a position he occupied until his resignation in January 1968. On December 31, 1966, Monje met with Che at the Ñacahuazú farm, and argued that the political direction of the struggle belonged to the PCB leadership as long as the revolution took place on Bolivian soil, an argument not accepted by Che. From that moment, a split occurred between the PCB and the guerrilla force.

MONTERO, IVÁN (Renán
or
Iván).
A Cuban, who was one of the contacts of the urban network in Bolivia. His identity was not revealed for almost 30 years. He functioned as the liaison between La Paz and Havana, until just before the guerrilla campaign was launched. He participated in the armed struggle in Nicaragua and worked in the Sandinista government's security apparatus between 1979 and 1990.

Moro.
See DE LA CONCEPCIÓN DE LA PEDRAJA, OCTAVIO (Moro, Morogoro, Muganga, El Médico, or Tavito).