The Cerebellum: Brain for an Implicit Self (60 page)

contralateral inferior olive complex
,
63-65

preolivary nuclei
,
65-66

vestibular nuclear neurons
,
68

synaptic plasticity,
81

basket/stellate cells
,
83

cerebellar cortical synapses
,
84

cerebellar/vestibular nuclear neurons
,
84-85

conjunctive LTD (long-term depression)
,
69-80

persistency
,
86-87

protein synthesis
,
88-89

Purkinje cells
,
81-83

VSCT (ventral spinocerebellar tract),
60-62

neuropeptides
,
66

NG
²⁺
cells
,
58-59

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase, conjunctive LTD
,
75-76

NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors

activation,
84

mediation of mossy fiber-granule cell synapses,
45

mediation of parallel fiber input to Golgi cells,
54

NO (Nitric oxide) synthase, conjunctive LTD
,
75-76

nociceptive withdrawal reflex
,
127-128

non-declarative memory
,
20

noxious stimuli, nociceptive withdrawal reflex
,
127-128

NRTP (nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis)
,
63

NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion)
,
82

nuclear circuits
,
101-102

nuclear memory, future research
,
208

nucleo-olivary inhibitory projection
,
133

nucleus
,
8

nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP)
,
63

Ocular Following Response (OFR)
,
116
,
140-141

ocular reflexes
,
105

adaptive control system models,
139

circuit models
,
142-143

inverse model of the eyeballs
,
144-145

memory sites
,
144

OFR
,
140-141

OKR
,
141

VOR
,
139-140

cerebellar control,
117

OFR (Ocular Following Response),
116

OKR (Optokinetic Eye-Movement Response),
113-115

saccades,
117-120

VOR (Vestibuloocular Reflex),
105-106

control system
,
107-112

neural integrator
,
107

velocity storage
,
107

vestibular compensation
,
112-113

OFR (Ocular Following Response)
,
116
,
140-141

OKR (Optokinetic Eye-Movement Response)
,
113-115
,
141

oligodendrocyte precursor cells
,
58

operant conditioning, voluntary motor control
,
156-157

Optokinetic Eye-Movement Response (OKR)
,
113-115
,
141

orexinergic neurons
,
66

output pathways, cerebellar cortex
,
44

beaded fibers,
50

climbing fibers,
49-50

granule cells,
45-46

mossy fibers,
44-45

Purkinje cells,
47-49

unipolar brush cells,
46-47

P/Q channels
,
71

paleocerebellum
,
23

paraflocculus/flocculus, eye movements
,
159

parallel-fiber Purkinje cell synapses

cannabinoid-receptor-mediated presynaptic LTD,
82

conjunctive LTD,
70

homosynaptic LTD,
81

presynaptic LTP,
81-82

parietal association cortex, motor actions
,
185

parvocellular nuclei (lateral reticular nucleus)
,
62

performance, cerebellar mutism
,
201

peripheral stimuli, voluntary motor control
,
13

persistency, synaptic plasticity
,
86-87

pharmacological agents

effects on eye-blink conditioning,
134

blocking conjunctive LTD,
109

parallel fiber stimulation,
70

Phillips
, Charles,
28

phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate (PIP2)
,
71

Piaget
, Jean,
20

pinceau
,
51

PIP2 (phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate)
,
71

PKA-mediated phosphorylation of RIM1a, presynaptic LTP
,
82

PKCa, conjunctive LTD
,
74

PO (principal olive) subdivision
,
63

pontine nuclei
,
62-63

postcerebellar cortex neurons
,
60

cells of origin

beaded fibers
,
66

mossy fibers
,
60-63

cerebellar nuclear neurons,
67-68

contralateral inferior olive complex,
63-65

preolivary nuclei,
65-66

vestibular nuclear neurons,
68

posterior vermis, saccade control
,
118

posterolateral fissure
,
23

postsynaptic density (PSD)
,
47

posture, cerebellar control
,
127

PP1
,
78

PP2
,
78

precerebellar cortex neurons
,
60

cells of origin

beaded fibers
,
66

mossy fibers
,
60-63

cerebellar nuclear neurons,
67-68

contralateral inferior olive complex,
63-65

preolivary nuclei,
65-66

vestibular nuclear neurons,
68

prefrontal cortex
,
193

premotor cortex
,
18
,
181-182

preolivary nuclei
,
65-66

presupplementary eye field
,
165

presynaptic LTD
,
82

presynaptic LTP
,
81-82

primary fissure
,
23

primary motor cortex

as controller for voluntary movement,
167

cerebrocerebellar communication loop,
168

forward-model-based control,
177-178

sites for instructional signals,
158

voluntary eye movement,
159

DMFC (dorsomedial frontal cortex)
,
165-166

frontal eye field
,
159-165

voluntary motor control,
150

hand grip
,
154-156

instruction signals
,
157-158

load compensation
,
150

multijoint arm movements
,
151-154

operant conditioning
,
156-157

reaction time
,
151

primate cerebellum
,
24-25

principal olive (PO) subdivision
,
63

prism distortion
,
202

progression, decomposition/reconstruction cycles
,
5

properties, conjunctive LTD
,
69-71

protein phosphatases, conjunctive LTD
,
78

protein synthesis, synaptic plasticity
,
88-89

protein tyrosine kinases, conjunctive LTD
,
77

prototypes, adaptive control of reflexes
,
146-149

PSD (postsynaptic density)
,
47

Purkinje cells
,
27-28

B-zone,
131

Ca
²⁺
surge in dendrites,
71
,
73-74