The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1774 page)

 
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Pan-Islam
.

Movements to unify the Muslim world, particularly in reaction against Western threats of encroachment. Theoretically, Pan-Islam is a natural expression of the fundamental and necessary Muslim concept of ’umma, but its realization in practice is elusive.

 
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(Pers., ‘five, water’, i.e. land of five rivers). Punj
b, homeland of the Sikhs. The present NW Indian state of Punj
b was created in 1966, excluding former areas which now comprise Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. The state language is
Pañj
b
, and Sikhs outnumber Hindus. In 1947 the much larger British Punj
b had been partitioned between Pakistan and India, with the boundary dividing
Amritsar
from, e.g., N
nk
S
hib
(
Talva
R
i Bho
d