The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2118 page)

ar
pa-r
ga
), pride (
m
na
), excitability (
uddhacca
), and ignorance (avijj
). The first five are named the ‘lower fetters’ (
orambh
giya-samyojana
) as they bind a person to rebirth in the world of desire (
kama-loka
), the last five are named the ‘higher fetters’ (
uddhambh
giya-samyojana
) because they tie a person that has escaped the world (
loka
) of desire to the upper regions of the Wheel of Becoming. Therefore a being must escape all the fetters to achieve
nirv
na
.

 
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TRIPI
AKA
.