The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2705 page)

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Authors: John Bowker

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Wu-ch'ang
(Chin., ‘five constants’). The five cardinal virtues in
Confucianism
:
(i) 
jen
, empathy;
(ii) 
i
, propriety;
(iii) 
li
, rights and customs observed;
(iv) 
chih
, insight, wisdom;
(v) 
hsin
, mutual trust. They have their corresponding types of relationship (
wu-lun
), which form the basis of society:
(i) parent and child;
(ii) ruler and subject;
(iii) husband and wife;
(iv) older and younger children;
(v) friend and friend.
Wu-chen Pien
(Treatise on Awakening to Truth)
.
Work of Cheng Po-tuan of the inner elixir school (see
NEI-TAN
). He rejected the outer elixir (
wai-tan
) quest for external means to immortality, contending that all humans contain what is necessary within.
Wu-chi
(Chin., ‘summit of nothingness’). According to Taoists, the primordial, unconfined, limitless source to which all manifestation returns; cf.
FU
.
Wu-ch'in-hsi
(Chin., ‘movement of the five animals’).
Taoist
exercises, developed by Hua T'o (2nd/3rd cent. CE), to resist ageing, by adapting the different means through which animals distribute
ch'i
within the body. The five are bear, bird, monkey, stag, tiger.
Wu-chi-t'u
(diagram of emptiness):
Wu
’
(minor ablution in Islam):

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