The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2708 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Wu-tsu Fa-yen
(exponent of k
ans):
(exponent of k
ans):Wu-tsung
(814–46)
. Chinese emperor (841–6) of the T'ang dynasty, who espoused the claims of religious
Taoism
(
tao-chiao
) for the attainment of immortality. The Taoist hierarchy (
tao-shih
) urged the suppression of their rivals, the Buddhists, and edicts were issued which led to the virtual destruction of institutional Buddhism.
The principle from this was established that a religion in China will only be allowed if the state permits it; and that ‘foreign’ religions are suspect. This principle (and often specific appeal to Wu-tsung) remains to the present day.
. Chinese emperor (841–6) of the T'ang dynasty, who espoused the claims of religious
Taoism
(
tao-chiao
) for the attainment of immortality. The Taoist hierarchy (
tao-shih
) urged the suppression of their rivals, the Buddhists, and edicts were issued which led to the virtual destruction of institutional Buddhism.
The principle from this was established that a religion in China will only be allowed if the state permits it; and that ‘foreign’ religions are suspect. This principle (and often specific appeal to Wu-tsung) remains to the present day.
Wu-wei
(Chin., ‘not/non-doing’). The mode of being and action in
Taoism
which
‘goes with the grain’
of the way of Tao in bringing manifest forms into appearance. It is not total lack of activity, but, rather, active inactivity which allows the way of Tao to be expressed.
Taoism
which
‘goes with the grain’
of the way of Tao in bringing manifest forms into appearance. It is not total lack of activity, but, rather, active inactivity which allows the way of Tao to be expressed.
Wyclif(fe), John
(
c.
1329–84)
. English philosopher, theologian, and proponent of reform. He was resident in Oxford for most of his life. His views were not wholly original, and were somewhat protected by the fact that they were normally expressed within the university. However, he engendered controversy by stressing the importance of civil powers within the Church, which scandalized the
pope
and leading clergy. He is chiefly remembered for his opposition to
transubstantiation
and his support for vernacular scripture. Some of his ideas were preserved in Wycliffe's
Wicket
, but his major achievements were to provide a translation of the Bible in English, and to put forward views on the Church which were later promoted by the
Lollards
. He is recognized in the Church of England Lesser Festivals, 6 Oct.
c.
1329–84)
. English philosopher, theologian, and proponent of reform. He was resident in Oxford for most of his life. His views were not wholly original, and were somewhat protected by the fact that they were normally expressed within the university. However, he engendered controversy by stressing the importance of civil powers within the Church, which scandalized the
pope
and leading clergy. He is chiefly remembered for his opposition to
transubstantiation
and his support for vernacular scripture. Some of his ideas were preserved in Wycliffe's
Wicket
, but his major achievements were to provide a translation of the Bible in English, and to put forward views on the Church which were later promoted by the
Lollards
. He is recognized in the Church of England Lesser Festivals, 6 Oct.
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