The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (893 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Gunasth
na
.
Fourteen stages of Jain progress toward emancipation of the
j
va
(cf. the Eightfold Path of Buddhism,
a
angika-m
rga
):
(i) 
mithy
tva
, having wrong belief;
(ii) 
s
adana
, tending to right belief, but prone to backsliding;
(iii) 
mi
ra
, having a mixture of right and wrong belief;
(iv) 
avirata sa
yaktva
, having right belief but not acting upon it with a commitment through vows;
(v) 
de
a-vrata
, taking some vows;
(vi) 
pramatta-vrata
, taking all vows but impeded, e.g. by illness, from keeping them;
(vii) 
apramatta-vrata
, unimpeded vow-keeping;
(viii) 
ap
rva-kara
a
, new thought activity begins;
(ix) 
nirv
tti-kara
a
, is extended;
(x) 
s
k
ama-s
mpary
ya

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